三电平数字逆变弧焊电源的研究
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摘要
逆变弧焊电源技术日趋成熟,但是研制大功率、小体积、高性能的弧焊电源仍是人们不断努力追求的目标。三电平变换器在电力电子直流变换器中的应用越来越广泛,已成为解决小体积、大功率变换器的一个重要方法。三电平直流变换器的首要目的是为了降低开关管的电压应力,同时减小输出滤波电感的值,从而提高工作频率,减小体积。随着软开关技术的飞速发展,结合软开关技术的三电平变换器已成为研究的热点问题。数字电源具有控制灵活、可移植性强、升级方便等特点,随着大规模集成电路和数字信号处理器(DSP)技术的发展,逆变弧焊电源逐渐由模拟控制转向数字控制。
本文重点研究三电平逆变弧焊电源拓扑结构及数字控制技术。针对弧焊电源的特点,设计了三电平弧焊电源主功率系统并分析了工作原理,该系统一定程度上实现了软开关技术,降低了开关管IGBT的电压应力和热损耗,为提高电源的工作频率打下基础;设计了基于PIC2020芯片的全数字控制系统,不仅简化了系统的硬件结构,提高系统性能,还可以实现系统的优化控制;采用变参数模糊PI控制方法,根据反馈信号在线实时调节PI参数,使系统在不同负载条件下都具有较佳的响应性能。
本文完成了一台基于模糊控制的三电平数字逆变弧焊电源,改善了弧焊电源的动态响应性能,降低了开关管的电压应力和热损耗,提高了工作频率和精度。
Nowadays the technology of arc welding inverter is gradually being perfect.However, there hasn’t stopped to search for a high-power, small volume, highperformance arc welding inverter power supply. Three-lever DC/DC converters arewidely used in power electronics applications, and it is one of the very important waysto increase the voltage and decrease the volume. The main objective to proposethree-level converter is to reduce voltage stress across the power switches, meaningwhile the output filter inductance, so that the volume can be reduced and thefrequency can be increased. With the development of soft switching, it is the studyhotspot that how to combine three-level converter with soft switching. The digitalpower has many merits such as flexible control, high transplantation and convenientupgrading. So, with the development of integrated circuit and signal processingsystem (DSP), the digital control system is replacing the analogue control system ofarc welding inverter gradually.
The article studies the topology of three-level arc welding inverter power and thedigital control technology. According to characters of arc welding inverter power, itdesigns topology of the three-level digital arc welding inverter power and analyzes theprinciple. This system has advantages of three-level converter and soft switching;reduces voltage stress and thermal losses of IGBT; improve the frequency. This articledesigns digital control system based on PIC2020. The digital control technique cansimplify the configuration of hardware; advance the system performance and optimizethe control strategy. The system adopts varying parameter fuzzy PI control to adjustparameters according to the feedback to make the system has good responseperformance on condition of different loads.
This article finishes a three-level digital arc welding inverter power supply basedon fuzzy control. The system improves dynamic response of arc welding inverterpower; reduces voltage stress and thermal losses of IGBT largely; improves thefrequency and accuracy.
本文重点研究三电平逆变弧焊电源拓扑结构及数字控制技术。针对弧焊电源的特点,设计了三电平弧焊电源主功率系统并分析了工作原理,该系统一定程度上实现了软开关技术,降低了开关管IGBT的电压应力和热损耗,为提高电源的工作频率打下基础;设计了基于PIC2020芯片的全数字控制系统,不仅简化了系统的硬件结构,提高系统性能,还可以实现系统的优化控制;采用变参数模糊PI控制方法,根据反馈信号在线实时调节PI参数,使系统在不同负载条件下都具有较佳的响应性能。
本文完成了一台基于模糊控制的三电平数字逆变弧焊电源,改善了弧焊电源的动态响应性能,降低了开关管的电压应力和热损耗,提高了工作频率和精度。
Nowadays the technology of arc welding inverter is gradually being perfect.However, there hasn’t stopped to search for a high-power, small volume, highperformance arc welding inverter power supply. Three-lever DC/DC converters arewidely used in power electronics applications, and it is one of the very important waysto increase the voltage and decrease the volume. The main objective to proposethree-level converter is to reduce voltage stress across the power switches, meaningwhile the output filter inductance, so that the volume can be reduced and thefrequency can be increased. With the development of soft switching, it is the studyhotspot that how to combine three-level converter with soft switching. The digitalpower has many merits such as flexible control, high transplantation and convenientupgrading. So, with the development of integrated circuit and signal processingsystem (DSP), the digital control system is replacing the analogue control system ofarc welding inverter gradually.
The article studies the topology of three-level arc welding inverter power and thedigital control technology. According to characters of arc welding inverter power, itdesigns topology of the three-level digital arc welding inverter power and analyzes theprinciple. This system has advantages of three-level converter and soft switching;reduces voltage stress and thermal losses of IGBT; improve the frequency. This articledesigns digital control system based on PIC2020. The digital control technique cansimplify the configuration of hardware; advance the system performance and optimizethe control strategy. The system adopts varying parameter fuzzy PI control to adjustparameters according to the feedback to make the system has good responseperformance on condition of different loads.
This article finishes a three-level digital arc welding inverter power supply basedon fuzzy control. The system improves dynamic response of arc welding inverterpower; reduces voltage stress and thermal losses of IGBT largely; improves thefrequency and accuracy.
引文
1 林苏.焊接史上的里程碑[J].焊接学报.2002.1(7):34-34
2 张卫平.现代电能变化技术及应用[M].科学出版社.2001:10-22
3 陈善本.焊接过程现代控制技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2001.5:20-25
4 张洪.现代数字化弧焊逆变电源的发展及应用[J].航空制造技术.2007.06:59-60
5 殷树言,陈树君,黄鹏飞等.弧焊逆变电源的现状和发展趋势[J].焊接技术.1999(12):4～9.
6 刘竹.电焊机的绿色化概念[J].电焊机.2000.2(7):33-34
7 黄石生.逆变理论与弧焊逆变器[M].机械工业出版社.1995:5-8.
8 邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变化技术[M].机械工业出版社.2005:10-15
9 赵家瑞.弧焊逆变电源主电路拓扑的发展现状[J].电焊机.2000(8):13-16
10 蒋志林,黄石生.弧焊逆变电源的研究与展望.电焊机.1996.26(6):12-15
11 黄石生,陆沛涛,李阳.逆变焊机的应用与发展现状、趋向、问题及对策.电焊机.2000(8):11-14
12 何湘宁,陈阿莲.多电平变换器的理论和应用技术[M].机械工业出版社.2006:10-20
13 桂红云,三电平变换器控制策略研究[D],浙江大学硕士学位论文。2005.3:17-19
14 Nabael A, Takahashi I and Akagi H. A New Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM Inverter, IEEETrans. Ind. Application, vol. IA-17, no.5, Step/Oct. 1981, pp. 518-523
15 Pradeep M. Bhagwat ct al, “Generalized Structure of a Multilevel PWM Inverter”, IEEETrans. on Industry Applications, 1983, 6(19):1057-1069
16 Lai Jih-Sheng “Multilevel Converter-A New Breed of Power Converter”, IEEE Trans. onIndustry Applications, 1996, 32(3):509-517
17 Rodriguez, J, Lai Jih-Sheng and Peng Fangzheng. “Multilevel Inverter: a Survey ofTopologies, Controls, and Applications”, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, 2002, 49(4):7 24-736
18 Liang, Y and Nwankpa “A power-line conditioner based on fling-capacitor multilevelvoltage-source converter with phase-shift SPWM”, IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications,2000, 36(4):965-971
19 阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其软开关技术[M].科学出版社.2006:12-17
20 X.Ruan,B.Li and Q.Chen,“Three-level converters-A new approach for high Voltage andhigh power dc-to-dc conversion”, in Proc. IEEE PESC,2002,vol.2,PP.663-668
21 王军波.半桥式 IGBT 逆变焊接电源工作过程分析及焊机的研究[D].吉林工业大学.硕士论文.1997.3:20-23
22 常云龙,程韬波,曾敏.新型焊接电源实用技术[M].中国教育文化出版社.2003:31-36
23 王辉,聂卫民.三电平逆变期的发展及其应用[J].电器时空——大众用电 2004(2):22-23
24 顾亦磊,吕征宇,钱照明.一种新颖的三电平软开关谐振型 DC/DC 变换器[J].中国电机工程学报.Vol.24 No.8 2004:24-28
25 B P McGrath,D G Holmers. A Comparison of Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Cascadedand Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverters. IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting 1999,1999:781-788P
26 Pinheiro J Renes,Baibi Ivo. The three-level ZVS PWM converter a new concepe inhigh-voltage dc-to-dc conversion[C].In IEEE IECON,1992,pp:173～178.
27 Pinheiro J Renes,Baibi Ivo. Wide load range the three-level ZVS PWM dc-to-dcconverter[C].In IEEE PESC,1993,pp:171～177
28 殷树言,陈树君.软开关变换技术在弧焊逆变电源中的应用电力电子技术.1999,33(1):18-21
29 J.G.Cho, J.A.Slbate, F.C.Lee, Novel full-bridge Zero-Voltage Transition PWM DC/DCConverter for High-Power Applications, IEEE Trans Power Electron,1994,11(4):143-149
30 Ruan Xianbo and Yan Yangguang,An improved phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-currentswitching PWM converter, IEEE APEC.1998:811-815.
31 张立.现代电力电子技术[M].科学出版社.1995.5:20-25
32 钟丽丽.基于 DSP 逆变弧焊电源的设计[D].内蒙古工业大学.硕士研究生.2007.06:20-24
33 赵修科.开关电源中磁性元器件[M].21IC.COM.2004.8:30-36
34 杨玉岗.现代电力电子技术[M].科学出版社.2003.8:80-83
35 顾公兵.波形控制 co2 逆变焊接电源的研制[D].河海大学:硕士学位论文.2004
36 熊腊森.逆变式弧焊电源主电路的选择与设计[J]:电焊机.1997(1):4-6
37 胡寿松.自动控制理论[M].科学出版社.2001:44-47
38 张德升,张亚华.逆变弧焊电源主电路设计[J]:河南机电高等专科学校学报.1999.7(2):9-12
39 www.microchip.com
40 TMS320F240/C240 DSP Controllers Reference Guide Peripheral Library and SpecificDevice [M].Literature Number: SPRU161C June 1999 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.
41 盛祖权,张立.IGBT 模块驱动及保护技术[J].电焊机.2000.30(11):6-13
42 Seheich R,Rouet J. EMI Conducted Emission in the Differential Mode Emanating from anSCR.Phenomena and Noise Level Prediction.IEEE Trans on Power Electronics.1995.10(2).105-110
43 区健昌.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计[M].电子工业出版社.2003.9:56-60
44 刘曙光,魏俊民,竺志超,模糊控制技术[M].中国纺织出版社.2001:93-98
45 章卫国,杨向忠,模糊控制理论与应用[M].西北工业大学出版社.1999:105-120
46 Kouatli I. Improved Design Procedure for Fuzzy Control Systems [J]. International Journalof Machine Tools & Manufacture. 1991.31(l):101-122
47 Jia-Xin Chen, Wei Li, Application of fuzzy-control PID algorithm in temperaturecontrolling systems,Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2003 International Conference onVolume 4. Page(s):2601-2604.2-5 Nov.2003
48 Lakov Dimiter, Adaptive Robot Under Fuzzy Control[J].Fuzzy Sets and systems 1985.17(1):l-5
49 诸静.模糊控制理论与系统原理[M].机械工业出版社.2005:98-104
50 汤兵勇,路林吉,王文杰.模糊控制理论与应用技术[M].清华大学出版社.2002:45-49
51 刘金涛.模糊控制逆变弧焊电源的研究与设计[D].天津大学.硕士研究生.2005.01
52 Microchip 开发工具选购指南. Mircochip 公司. www.microchip.com
53 梁海浪.dsPIC 数字信号控制器 C 程序开发及应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2006:56-66
54 Abraham I.Pressman 开关电源设计[M]. 电子工业出版社:80-89
2 张卫平.现代电能变化技术及应用[M].科学出版社.2001:10-22
3 陈善本.焊接过程现代控制技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2001.5:20-25
4 张洪.现代数字化弧焊逆变电源的发展及应用[J].航空制造技术.2007.06:59-60
5 殷树言,陈树君,黄鹏飞等.弧焊逆变电源的现状和发展趋势[J].焊接技术.1999(12):4～9.
6 刘竹.电焊机的绿色化概念[J].电焊机.2000.2(7):33-34
7 黄石生.逆变理论与弧焊逆变器[M].机械工业出版社.1995:5-8.
8 邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变化技术[M].机械工业出版社.2005:10-15
9 赵家瑞.弧焊逆变电源主电路拓扑的发展现状[J].电焊机.2000(8):13-16
10 蒋志林,黄石生.弧焊逆变电源的研究与展望.电焊机.1996.26(6):12-15
11 黄石生,陆沛涛,李阳.逆变焊机的应用与发展现状、趋向、问题及对策.电焊机.2000(8):11-14
12 何湘宁,陈阿莲.多电平变换器的理论和应用技术[M].机械工业出版社.2006:10-20
13 桂红云,三电平变换器控制策略研究[D],浙江大学硕士学位论文。2005.3:17-19
14 Nabael A, Takahashi I and Akagi H. A New Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM Inverter, IEEETrans. Ind. Application, vol. IA-17, no.5, Step/Oct. 1981, pp. 518-523
15 Pradeep M. Bhagwat ct al, “Generalized Structure of a Multilevel PWM Inverter”, IEEETrans. on Industry Applications, 1983, 6(19):1057-1069
16 Lai Jih-Sheng “Multilevel Converter-A New Breed of Power Converter”, IEEE Trans. onIndustry Applications, 1996, 32(3):509-517
17 Rodriguez, J, Lai Jih-Sheng and Peng Fangzheng. “Multilevel Inverter: a Survey ofTopologies, Controls, and Applications”, IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, 2002, 49(4):7 24-736
18 Liang, Y and Nwankpa “A power-line conditioner based on fling-capacitor multilevelvoltage-source converter with phase-shift SPWM”, IEEE Trans. On Industry Applications,2000, 36(4):965-971
19 阮新波.三电平直流变换器及其软开关技术[M].科学出版社.2006:12-17
20 X.Ruan,B.Li and Q.Chen,“Three-level converters-A new approach for high Voltage andhigh power dc-to-dc conversion”, in Proc. IEEE PESC,2002,vol.2,PP.663-668
21 王军波.半桥式 IGBT 逆变焊接电源工作过程分析及焊机的研究[D].吉林工业大学.硕士论文.1997.3:20-23
22 常云龙,程韬波,曾敏.新型焊接电源实用技术[M].中国教育文化出版社.2003:31-36
23 王辉,聂卫民.三电平逆变期的发展及其应用[J].电器时空——大众用电 2004(2):22-23
24 顾亦磊,吕征宇,钱照明.一种新颖的三电平软开关谐振型 DC/DC 变换器[J].中国电机工程学报.Vol.24 No.8 2004:24-28
25 B P McGrath,D G Holmers. A Comparison of Multicarrier PWM Strategies for Cascadedand Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverters. IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting 1999,1999:781-788P
26 Pinheiro J Renes,Baibi Ivo. The three-level ZVS PWM converter a new concepe inhigh-voltage dc-to-dc conversion[C].In IEEE IECON,1992,pp:173～178.
27 Pinheiro J Renes,Baibi Ivo. Wide load range the three-level ZVS PWM dc-to-dcconverter[C].In IEEE PESC,1993,pp:171～177
28 殷树言,陈树君.软开关变换技术在弧焊逆变电源中的应用电力电子技术.1999,33(1):18-21
29 J.G.Cho, J.A.Slbate, F.C.Lee, Novel full-bridge Zero-Voltage Transition PWM DC/DCConverter for High-Power Applications, IEEE Trans Power Electron,1994,11(4):143-149
30 Ruan Xianbo and Yan Yangguang,An improved phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-currentswitching PWM converter, IEEE APEC.1998:811-815.
31 张立.现代电力电子技术[M].科学出版社.1995.5:20-25
32 钟丽丽.基于 DSP 逆变弧焊电源的设计[D].内蒙古工业大学.硕士研究生.2007.06:20-24
33 赵修科.开关电源中磁性元器件[M].21IC.COM.2004.8:30-36
34 杨玉岗.现代电力电子技术[M].科学出版社.2003.8:80-83
35 顾公兵.波形控制 co2 逆变焊接电源的研制[D].河海大学:硕士学位论文.2004
36 熊腊森.逆变式弧焊电源主电路的选择与设计[J]:电焊机.1997(1):4-6
37 胡寿松.自动控制理论[M].科学出版社.2001:44-47
38 张德升,张亚华.逆变弧焊电源主电路设计[J]:河南机电高等专科学校学报.1999.7(2):9-12
39 www.microchip.com
40 TMS320F240/C240 DSP Controllers Reference Guide Peripheral Library and SpecificDevice [M].Literature Number: SPRU161C June 1999 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.
41 盛祖权,张立.IGBT 模块驱动及保护技术[J].电焊机.2000.30(11):6-13
42 Seheich R,Rouet J. EMI Conducted Emission in the Differential Mode Emanating from anSCR.Phenomena and Noise Level Prediction.IEEE Trans on Power Electronics.1995.10(2).105-110
43 区健昌.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计[M].电子工业出版社.2003.9:56-60
44 刘曙光,魏俊民,竺志超,模糊控制技术[M].中国纺织出版社.2001:93-98
45 章卫国,杨向忠,模糊控制理论与应用[M].西北工业大学出版社.1999:105-120
46 Kouatli I. Improved Design Procedure for Fuzzy Control Systems [J]. International Journalof Machine Tools & Manufacture. 1991.31(l):101-122
47 Jia-Xin Chen, Wei Li, Application of fuzzy-control PID algorithm in temperaturecontrolling systems,Machine Learning and Cybernetics,2003 International Conference onVolume 4. Page(s):2601-2604.2-5 Nov.2003
48 Lakov Dimiter, Adaptive Robot Under Fuzzy Control[J].Fuzzy Sets and systems 1985.17(1):l-5
49 诸静.模糊控制理论与系统原理[M].机械工业出版社.2005:98-104
50 汤兵勇,路林吉,王文杰.模糊控制理论与应用技术[M].清华大学出版社.2002:45-49
51 刘金涛.模糊控制逆变弧焊电源的研究与设计[D].天津大学.硕士研究生.2005.01
52 Microchip 开发工具选购指南. Mircochip 公司. www.microchip.com
53 梁海浪.dsPIC 数字信号控制器 C 程序开发及应用[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2006:56-66
54 Abraham I.Pressman 开关电源设计[M]. 电子工业出版社:80-89
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