SP定宽机轧制过程的有限元模拟
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摘要
近年来，连铸连轧技术发展迅速，必须采用适当的板坯宽度调整技术来实现连铸和热轧之间宽度上的连接。宝钢1580热轧线引进了日本石川岛播磨(IHI)开发又经较大改进的大侧压机，即SP(Sizing Press)定宽轧机，对减少连铸生产的板坯宽度规格、扩大热轧生产规模起到了良好作用。
由于对此项新技术还不甚了解，自投产运行以来设备状态一直不稳定为了掌握SP轧机的机构原理和工作运行状态，寻找产生故障的原因，必须对其进行机构运动和受力分析；找出其关键部件的受力状况，以便提出相应的改进措施。其中的首要工作就是要对板坯在调宽轧制过程的变形行为进行模拟。分析在各种工况条件下金属的流动规律，变形力的变化情况，以便为机构的受力分析提供理论依据。
本文首先介绍了国内外关于板坯调宽技术的现状和发展趋势，并比较了各种调宽技术的优缺点，随后介绍了弹塑性有限元的基本理论。针对宝钢1580热轧线引进的日本石川岛播磨（IHI）的大侧压机进行了简单的运动分析。在SP侧压轧制理论的基础上，建立了SP调宽轧制的工作模型。
本文利用Autoforge软件对SP调宽过程进行了有限元模拟，得到了SP调宽轧制过程中的最大轧制力和几个影响因素(初始板宽、下压量、相对压下量、模块角度、模块倾角)变化时相应的回归曲线，并给出回归曲线的精确函数关系式。此外还对轧后产生的一些板形特点给出了合理的解释，特别是对于轧后的板坯头部失宽和狗骨现象进行了重点分析，给出了影响失宽量和狗骨峰值的影响因素，以及他们之间的关系曲线。另外还对轧制过程中板坯中的等效应变分布情况和残余应力分布情况进行了探讨。最终，通过对实验数据和现场实测数据以及模拟结果的比较，证明了用本文建立的模型模拟计算具有很高的精度，模拟基本符合SP实际工作情况。
Recent years, continual casting and continual rolling technology develop quickly so it is necessary to adopt proper technology to link continual cast and thermal rolling. For example, Vertical roller rolling and sizing pressing technology are widely used to adapt adjustment and replacement of slab widths. Sizing pressing, which Bao Steel imported from IHI, works on reducing of slab widths in continual casting and on enlarging production scale in thermal rolling.
Because of not getting familiar with such new technology, the SP working status are not stable all the time. For the purpose of catching hold of the organizational principle and the working status, finding out what the matter with it, it is necessary to analyze the moving of organizations and the forcing which the organizations were suffered. So, we can hold out reform measures. Above all, deforming simulation of working process was needed. Analyzing flowing regular of metal and mutational behaviour of metamorphic forcing were in order to come up with evidence theory for the analyzing of organiza -tions
Firstly, this thesis introduced the present condition and prospective development, moreover compared advantage and short of different rolling mill. Subsequently introduced rationale of elastic-plastic FEM simulation. Aimed at the imported IHI sizing-pressing machine, motion analysis was given out. Basing upon the rationale of SP , working model was build up at last.
The Autoforge FEM software was used to simulate the working process of SP. These. From the stimulated results, The regressive curves between the maximal rolling force and several effective factors (slab width、pressing amount、relative pressing amount、module angle、module dip-angle) and the functional relational expressions of the regressive curves were given. Additionally, this thesis explained the specially features of the slab after rolling. In particular, the head width reducing and the phenomenon of "dog bone" were especially analyzed, in addition to distribution of the slab equivalence plastic strain was discussed. At last, after comparing the actual
measured data with the simulated data, the result testified the model which the thesis established had high precision and the simulation cogged to the practical working process of SP.
由于对此项新技术还不甚了解，自投产运行以来设备状态一直不稳定为了掌握SP轧机的机构原理和工作运行状态，寻找产生故障的原因，必须对其进行机构运动和受力分析；找出其关键部件的受力状况，以便提出相应的改进措施。其中的首要工作就是要对板坯在调宽轧制过程的变形行为进行模拟。分析在各种工况条件下金属的流动规律，变形力的变化情况，以便为机构的受力分析提供理论依据。
本文首先介绍了国内外关于板坯调宽技术的现状和发展趋势，并比较了各种调宽技术的优缺点，随后介绍了弹塑性有限元的基本理论。针对宝钢1580热轧线引进的日本石川岛播磨（IHI）的大侧压机进行了简单的运动分析。在SP侧压轧制理论的基础上，建立了SP调宽轧制的工作模型。
本文利用Autoforge软件对SP调宽过程进行了有限元模拟，得到了SP调宽轧制过程中的最大轧制力和几个影响因素(初始板宽、下压量、相对压下量、模块角度、模块倾角)变化时相应的回归曲线，并给出回归曲线的精确函数关系式。此外还对轧后产生的一些板形特点给出了合理的解释，特别是对于轧后的板坯头部失宽和狗骨现象进行了重点分析，给出了影响失宽量和狗骨峰值的影响因素，以及他们之间的关系曲线。另外还对轧制过程中板坯中的等效应变分布情况和残余应力分布情况进行了探讨。最终，通过对实验数据和现场实测数据以及模拟结果的比较，证明了用本文建立的模型模拟计算具有很高的精度，模拟基本符合SP实际工作情况。
Recent years, continual casting and continual rolling technology develop quickly so it is necessary to adopt proper technology to link continual cast and thermal rolling. For example, Vertical roller rolling and sizing pressing technology are widely used to adapt adjustment and replacement of slab widths. Sizing pressing, which Bao Steel imported from IHI, works on reducing of slab widths in continual casting and on enlarging production scale in thermal rolling.
Because of not getting familiar with such new technology, the SP working status are not stable all the time. For the purpose of catching hold of the organizational principle and the working status, finding out what the matter with it, it is necessary to analyze the moving of organizations and the forcing which the organizations were suffered. So, we can hold out reform measures. Above all, deforming simulation of working process was needed. Analyzing flowing regular of metal and mutational behaviour of metamorphic forcing were in order to come up with evidence theory for the analyzing of organiza -tions
Firstly, this thesis introduced the present condition and prospective development, moreover compared advantage and short of different rolling mill. Subsequently introduced rationale of elastic-plastic FEM simulation. Aimed at the imported IHI sizing-pressing machine, motion analysis was given out. Basing upon the rationale of SP , working model was build up at last.
The Autoforge FEM software was used to simulate the working process of SP. These. From the stimulated results, The regressive curves between the maximal rolling force and several effective factors (slab width、pressing amount、relative pressing amount、module angle、module dip-angle) and the functional relational expressions of the regressive curves were given. Additionally, this thesis explained the specially features of the slab after rolling. In particular, the head width reducing and the phenomenon of "dog bone" were especially analyzed, in addition to distribution of the slab equivalence plastic strain was discussed. At last, after comparing the actual
measured data with the simulated data, the result testified the model which the thesis established had high precision and the simulation cogged to the practical working process of SP.
引文
1 M. Agapios.中厚板轧机技术.冶金设备.2000,(8):27-32
2 焦四海.调宽压力机调宽过程的有限元分析.[东北大学工学博士论文].1998:11-14
3 王昭东,王国栋.调宽压力机——热轧板带调宽技术的新进展.上海金属,1993,15(1): 11-15
4 Vladimir B. Ginzburg. Width Control in Hot Strip Mils. Iron&Steel Engineer, 1991, 68 (6):25-39
5 小久保一郎ぼか,幅.御.幅集约技术の总和的评价. 塑性と加工,1985，25(27): 100-108
6 S. Nakamura. Slab Width Control for Hot Direct Rolling. Transactions ISIJ,1988,28: 110-116
7 杨雄,李长生,刘相华,等.连铸板坯大侧压不对称变形有限元分析.钢铁研究2002,(2):14-16
8 Masahiro Takeuchi.Heavy Width Reduction Rolling of Slabs.Nippon Steel Technical Report,1983,(21):235-246
9 Hideyuki Nikaido. Development of Slab Sizing Press for Heavy Width Reduction in Hot Strip Mills. Iron & Steel Engineer,1990,(9):21-26
10 焦四海,周旭,刘相华,等.调宽压力机调宽时板坯变形特点.钢铁,2000,(12):22-26
11 张燕燕,曹建宁.厚板生产技术的发展.轧钢,2001,(4):35-38
12 熊尚武,韩力.粗轧机组调宽轧制技术与减少切损的方法.钢铁,1994,29(12):75
13 冈户克ぼか.热延幅压延にぉけるスラプ先后端举动の解明.铁と钢.1981,67(15): 260
14 荒木省一ぼか.板材のヱッジマ一压延にょる幅压延特性(第4报).昭54春塑加讲论,1979:493
15 日野裕之ぼか.热间压延机にぉける幅制御システマの研究.塑性と加工,1984, 25(2):150
16 宅田裕彦,森谦一郎,八田夏夫，ぼか.カリバ ロ－ルを用ぃた热间幅压延实验ぉょぴ有限要素法にょゐ解析[J].塑性と加工，1983，264(24):39-45
V. B. Ginzburg. Steel Rolling Technology: Theory and Practice [M].New York:
17 Marcel Dekker,1989:33-36
18 M. Takeuchi, O. Hiratat, M. Hoshiya, etal. Heavy width reduction rolling technology of hot slabs[C]. In: Nippon Steel Corporation eds. Seitetsu Kenkyu,No.310. Tokyo: Published by Technical Planning & Development Coordination Div. Technical Administration Bureau, Nippon Steel Corporation,1982:295-306
19 孙本荣,率民,杨新法,等.热宽带钢连轧机调宽轧制工艺参数研究.钢铁,1995,30(10):37-41
20 小门纯一,八田夏夫,宅田裕彦.ドツゲボ－ソ板材の平压延に关すゐ研究.昭57春塑加讲论,东京:1982,63(15):37-39
21 小门纯一,八田夏夫,宅田裕彦,ぼか.幅大压下にぉけゐ内部应力特性.塑性と加工,1983,273(10):1048-1055
22 熊尚武,吕程,刘相华,等，“狗骨”材平轧的三维刚塑性有限元分析,钢铁研究学报,2000(2):14-17
23 赵 刚,黄克琴.热轧窄带钢宽度变化规律的实验研究.钢铁,1990,28(3):33
24 熊尚武,朱祥霖,刘相华,等.热带粗扎机组调宽工艺中数学模型的建立.上海金属,1997,(1):39-43
25 V. B. Ginzburg. Steel Rolling Technology: Theory and Practice, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989:42-46
26 姜明东,王国栋.高精度板带材轧制理论与实践.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:245
27 "Sumitomo Metal Starts Up Slab Sizing Press",33 Metal Producting, Jan. 1989: 4-42
28 V. B. Ginzburg. U. S. Patent No.5,046,344,Sept.10,1991
29 T. Hira. "Deformation of Slab under Heavy Reduction of Width by Sizing Press," Kawasaki Steel Technical Report, 1990,22(5):32-40
30 苗润涛.1580 mm热轧机板坯大侧压新技术.宝钢技术,1988(2):27-31
31 焦四海,周旭,刘相华,等.调宽压力机调宽过程中的弹塑性有限元分析.钢铁,1999 (10):21-23
32 金学俊.现代热轧新技术.世界钢铁,1955,77(3):48-55
33 J. I. Kokado. Influence of Heavy Width-reduction Rolling of Continuously Cast Slabs on Metallo graphic Structure and Mechanical Properties at Slab Edge, J. of Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity , 1984, 277(25): 123-128
付江,赵以相,贺毓辛.板坯大侧压调宽变形的模拟研究.宝钢技术,1993,11(2):
34 11-176
35 熊尚武.热带粗轧机组调宽过程的实验与理论研究.[东北大学工学博士学位论文], 1997:37-39
36 周旭.板坯大侧压调宽及随后平轧过程实验及理论研究.[东北大学工学硕士学位论文],1998:21-27
37 王昭东,王国栋,马文忠,等.热轧板带的调宽和控宽技术.钢铁研究,1992,(6):21-22
38 Hideyuki Nikaido. Development of Slab Sizning Press for Heavy Width Reduction in Hot Strip Mills. Iron & Steel Engineer,1990,9:21-26
39 Muller H A, Rohde W. Behaviour of Slab Under Deformation In a Sizing Press With Large Width Reductions.MPT,1992,15(5):60-69
40 比良隆明.サィジソケプレスにょろ大幅压下时のスラプの变形.川崎制铁技报,1989,121(3):188-194
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58 李铁柱,郑万德.SP大侧压定宽机性能探讨.鞍钢技术,2002(1):50-53
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60 温景林.金属材料成型摩擦学.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2000:55-56
61 Grafe, W. Rohde. Tlexible Hot Strip Production by Use of a Slab Sizing Press. Iron and Exposition of AISE,2000(9):20-23
2 焦四海.调宽压力机调宽过程的有限元分析.[东北大学工学博士论文].1998:11-14
3 王昭东,王国栋.调宽压力机——热轧板带调宽技术的新进展.上海金属,1993,15(1): 11-15
4 Vladimir B. Ginzburg. Width Control in Hot Strip Mils. Iron&Steel Engineer, 1991, 68 (6):25-39
5 小久保一郎ぼか,幅.御.幅集约技术の总和的评价. 塑性と加工,1985，25(27): 100-108
6 S. Nakamura. Slab Width Control for Hot Direct Rolling. Transactions ISIJ,1988,28: 110-116
7 杨雄,李长生,刘相华,等.连铸板坯大侧压不对称变形有限元分析.钢铁研究2002,(2):14-16
8 Masahiro Takeuchi.Heavy Width Reduction Rolling of Slabs.Nippon Steel Technical Report,1983,(21):235-246
9 Hideyuki Nikaido. Development of Slab Sizing Press for Heavy Width Reduction in Hot Strip Mills. Iron & Steel Engineer,1990,(9):21-26
10 焦四海,周旭,刘相华,等.调宽压力机调宽时板坯变形特点.钢铁,2000,(12):22-26
11 张燕燕,曹建宁.厚板生产技术的发展.轧钢,2001,(4):35-38
12 熊尚武,韩力.粗轧机组调宽轧制技术与减少切损的方法.钢铁,1994,29(12):75
13 冈户克ぼか.热延幅压延にぉけるスラプ先后端举动の解明.铁と钢.1981,67(15): 260
14 荒木省一ぼか.板材のヱッジマ一压延にょる幅压延特性(第4报).昭54春塑加讲论,1979:493
15 日野裕之ぼか.热间压延机にぉける幅制御システマの研究.塑性と加工,1984, 25(2):150
16 宅田裕彦,森谦一郎,八田夏夫，ぼか.カリバ ロ－ルを用ぃた热间幅压延实验ぉょぴ有限要素法にょゐ解析[J].塑性と加工，1983，264(24):39-45
V. B. Ginzburg. Steel Rolling Technology: Theory and Practice [M].New York:
17 Marcel Dekker,1989:33-36
18 M. Takeuchi, O. Hiratat, M. Hoshiya, etal. Heavy width reduction rolling technology of hot slabs[C]. In: Nippon Steel Corporation eds. Seitetsu Kenkyu,No.310. Tokyo: Published by Technical Planning & Development Coordination Div. Technical Administration Bureau, Nippon Steel Corporation,1982:295-306
19 孙本荣,率民,杨新法,等.热宽带钢连轧机调宽轧制工艺参数研究.钢铁,1995,30(10):37-41
20 小门纯一,八田夏夫,宅田裕彦.ドツゲボ－ソ板材の平压延に关すゐ研究.昭57春塑加讲论,东京:1982,63(15):37-39
21 小门纯一,八田夏夫,宅田裕彦,ぼか.幅大压下にぉけゐ内部应力特性.塑性と加工,1983,273(10):1048-1055
22 熊尚武,吕程,刘相华,等，“狗骨”材平轧的三维刚塑性有限元分析,钢铁研究学报,2000(2):14-17
23 赵 刚,黄克琴.热轧窄带钢宽度变化规律的实验研究.钢铁,1990,28(3):33
24 熊尚武,朱祥霖,刘相华,等.热带粗扎机组调宽工艺中数学模型的建立.上海金属,1997,(1):39-43
25 V. B. Ginzburg. Steel Rolling Technology: Theory and Practice, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989:42-46
26 姜明东,王国栋.高精度板带材轧制理论与实践.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:245
27 "Sumitomo Metal Starts Up Slab Sizing Press",33 Metal Producting, Jan. 1989: 4-42
28 V. B. Ginzburg. U. S. Patent No.5,046,344,Sept.10,1991
29 T. Hira. "Deformation of Slab under Heavy Reduction of Width by Sizing Press," Kawasaki Steel Technical Report, 1990,22(5):32-40
30 苗润涛.1580 mm热轧机板坯大侧压新技术.宝钢技术,1988(2):27-31
31 焦四海,周旭,刘相华,等.调宽压力机调宽过程中的弹塑性有限元分析.钢铁,1999 (10):21-23
32 金学俊.现代热轧新技术.世界钢铁,1955,77(3):48-55
33 J. I. Kokado. Influence of Heavy Width-reduction Rolling of Continuously Cast Slabs on Metallo graphic Structure and Mechanical Properties at Slab Edge, J. of Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity , 1984, 277(25): 123-128
付江,赵以相,贺毓辛.板坯大侧压调宽变形的模拟研究.宝钢技术,1993,11(2):
34 11-176
35 熊尚武.热带粗轧机组调宽过程的实验与理论研究.[东北大学工学博士学位论文], 1997:37-39
36 周旭.板坯大侧压调宽及随后平轧过程实验及理论研究.[东北大学工学硕士学位论文],1998:21-27
37 王昭东,王国栋,马文忠,等.热轧板带的调宽和控宽技术.钢铁研究,1992,(6):21-22
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