地下咸水层储能与含水介质空间结构变化研究
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摘要
我国沿海地区地下埋深在100-150m的浅层存在丰富的地下咸水资源，具有储量大、分布广、埋藏浅、封闭条件好的特点，有利于地下储能综合利用。当前，国内外对于咸水层储能机理研究尚处在起步阶段，关于地下咸水抽、回灌过程中含水层渗透性能变化的原因与机理分析的报道并不多见。
论文基于含水层储能水-热运移的基本理论与控制方程，针对地下咸水层储能过程中地下水密度及粘滞性系数变化显著的特点，对现有的地下含水层储能数学模型进行修正、完善，建立地下咸水层水-热-盐耦合储能模型。利用完善后的地下咸水层储能模型对天津滨海新区某咸水层储能系统地下水动力场及温度场的分布情况进行模拟，所得数据与现场试验结果拟合较好。根据研究结果得到，在地下咸水层水文地质条件不变的情况下，渗透系数随地下咸水层温度的升高而升高；随着回灌溶液盐浓度的增大而降低。
咸水层储能野外试验是探究该特定含水层储能特性的关键措施，是研究咸水层储能过程中地下水传热、传质规律的最佳方法。然而目前国内相关的野外试验研究仍处于空白状态。论文基于现场勘测结果，根据现有试验条件设计、搭建一套完整地下咸水层储能野外试验系统。通过改变回灌水的温度进行储热、储冷试验，分析不同储能模式对含水介质内传热、传质过程产生的影响，验证了咸水层储能模型中回灌水温度的变化导致渗透系数发生改变的合理性。为室内储能试验台的设计与搭建提供了模型参考与基础数据。
本文采用室内模拟试验与理论分析相结合的方法，设计、搭建一套完整的一维渗流砂柱试验系统，通过回灌溶液温度与盐浓度突、渐变试验，结合双电层理论探索咸水层储能过程中导致含水介质空间结构以及渗透性能变化的主要原因。研究表明，含水介质渗透性能不仅与回灌溶液温度、盐浓度变化有关，同时也受到温度与盐度变化梯度的影响。以回灌溶液温度突变试验为例，分析含水介质渗透性能空间非均质性现象。通过试验发现，在回灌水量不变的情况，由于回灌溶液温度的改变，在含水介质中形成垂直于地下水流的低渗透带的区域也有所变化。
通过对三维渗流砂箱进行模拟储热试验，发现含水介质渗透性能变化规律在水平、垂直方向具有很强的空间非均质性特征。通过抽-注水井固定与调换模式储能试验可得，地下含水层粘粒分布与空间结构变化是一个不可逆的过程。在两种工作模式下地下咸水层中均形成了低渗透帷幕带，然而由于形成机制不同，使得低渗透帷幕带所在区域有所差异。
There is abundant underground brackish water resources buried at the shallowlayer as deep as100m-150m in most costal regions in China. The undergroundbrackish water resources have a huge reverses, large distribution range, shallowburied depth, and wonderful sealed condition which are all in favor of thecomprehensive application of energy storage and recovery in aquifer. At present, thereare few reports about the analysis research of the reasons and mechanism of thehydraulic conductivity of brackish aquifers during the inject-pumping process.
Based on the basic principle of water-heat transferring in aquifer, this paperrevises and perfects the current numerical model of energy storage and recoverysystem in aquifers and establishes a three-dimensional couple numerical model ofgroundwater flow, heat transferring and solute movement, which fully make use of thesignificant variation of groundwater density and viscosity coefficient in energystorage and recovery in brackish aquifer. The revised couple numerical model ofgroundwater flow, heat transferring and solute movement is applied to simulate onebrackish aquifer storage and recovery system in Tianjin Binhai New Area and the datafrom simulation calculation fits the spot experiment results. The results show that thecoefficient of hydraulic conductivity has a same change with the geo-temperature and an oppositeone with salinity in brackish aquifers when the hydrogeology condition of brackish aquiferremains the same.
Field experiment on the energy storage in brackish aquifers is the key measure toexplore the characteristics of this specific energy storage in aquifer. What's more, it isthe best approach to studying water-heat transferring in aquifers. However, there isnot any such field experiment study in domestic China until now. Based on the resultsof site survey, this brackish aquifer energy storage and recovery system is establishedunder the existing site condition of experiment in the field.The regular feature of heatand mass transfer of porous medium during the process of energy storage in brackishaquifers shall be explored, which the possibility that the permeability coefficientvaries with the changes of temperature of recharge solution is proved. Thisexperiment also provides reference model and basic data for indoor experiment.
By combining the actual experiment and theoretical analysis, a set of onedimensional infiltration sand column system is established. With a series of mutation and gradual experiments in temperature and salinities changes of recharge solution,the main reasons causing the changes of aquifer medium space structure andpermeability are explored based on double layer theory. The results show that,permeability is influenced by the temperature and salinity variation of rechargesolution as well as its change gradient. Take the temperature mutation experiment ofrecharge solution as example, the heterogeneousness of permeability in aquifermedium is revealed. In conclusion, when the recharge water remains the same, theregion of hyposmosis curtain in aquifer medium varies with the changes oftemperatures of recharge solution.
Through simulating the heat storage of three dimension infiltration sand box, it isproved that, the permeability changes of aquifer medium is heterogeneous inhorizontal and vertical direction. By fixing and switching the locations of pumpingwell and injection well, it shows that the aquifer medium clay particle distribution andspace structure variations are irreversible. Under these two working modes, lowpermeability curtain occur in aquifer medium. However, where the low permeabilitycurtains lay is different according to its formation mechanism.
论文基于含水层储能水-热运移的基本理论与控制方程，针对地下咸水层储能过程中地下水密度及粘滞性系数变化显著的特点，对现有的地下含水层储能数学模型进行修正、完善，建立地下咸水层水-热-盐耦合储能模型。利用完善后的地下咸水层储能模型对天津滨海新区某咸水层储能系统地下水动力场及温度场的分布情况进行模拟，所得数据与现场试验结果拟合较好。根据研究结果得到，在地下咸水层水文地质条件不变的情况下，渗透系数随地下咸水层温度的升高而升高；随着回灌溶液盐浓度的增大而降低。
咸水层储能野外试验是探究该特定含水层储能特性的关键措施，是研究咸水层储能过程中地下水传热、传质规律的最佳方法。然而目前国内相关的野外试验研究仍处于空白状态。论文基于现场勘测结果，根据现有试验条件设计、搭建一套完整地下咸水层储能野外试验系统。通过改变回灌水的温度进行储热、储冷试验，分析不同储能模式对含水介质内传热、传质过程产生的影响，验证了咸水层储能模型中回灌水温度的变化导致渗透系数发生改变的合理性。为室内储能试验台的设计与搭建提供了模型参考与基础数据。
本文采用室内模拟试验与理论分析相结合的方法，设计、搭建一套完整的一维渗流砂柱试验系统，通过回灌溶液温度与盐浓度突、渐变试验，结合双电层理论探索咸水层储能过程中导致含水介质空间结构以及渗透性能变化的主要原因。研究表明，含水介质渗透性能不仅与回灌溶液温度、盐浓度变化有关，同时也受到温度与盐度变化梯度的影响。以回灌溶液温度突变试验为例，分析含水介质渗透性能空间非均质性现象。通过试验发现，在回灌水量不变的情况，由于回灌溶液温度的改变，在含水介质中形成垂直于地下水流的低渗透带的区域也有所变化。
通过对三维渗流砂箱进行模拟储热试验，发现含水介质渗透性能变化规律在水平、垂直方向具有很强的空间非均质性特征。通过抽-注水井固定与调换模式储能试验可得，地下含水层粘粒分布与空间结构变化是一个不可逆的过程。在两种工作模式下地下咸水层中均形成了低渗透帷幕带，然而由于形成机制不同，使得低渗透帷幕带所在区域有所差异。
There is abundant underground brackish water resources buried at the shallowlayer as deep as100m-150m in most costal regions in China. The undergroundbrackish water resources have a huge reverses, large distribution range, shallowburied depth, and wonderful sealed condition which are all in favor of thecomprehensive application of energy storage and recovery in aquifer. At present, thereare few reports about the analysis research of the reasons and mechanism of thehydraulic conductivity of brackish aquifers during the inject-pumping process.
Based on the basic principle of water-heat transferring in aquifer, this paperrevises and perfects the current numerical model of energy storage and recoverysystem in aquifers and establishes a three-dimensional couple numerical model ofgroundwater flow, heat transferring and solute movement, which fully make use of thesignificant variation of groundwater density and viscosity coefficient in energystorage and recovery in brackish aquifer. The revised couple numerical model ofgroundwater flow, heat transferring and solute movement is applied to simulate onebrackish aquifer storage and recovery system in Tianjin Binhai New Area and the datafrom simulation calculation fits the spot experiment results. The results show that thecoefficient of hydraulic conductivity has a same change with the geo-temperature and an oppositeone with salinity in brackish aquifers when the hydrogeology condition of brackish aquiferremains the same.
Field experiment on the energy storage in brackish aquifers is the key measure toexplore the characteristics of this specific energy storage in aquifer. What's more, it isthe best approach to studying water-heat transferring in aquifers. However, there isnot any such field experiment study in domestic China until now. Based on the resultsof site survey, this brackish aquifer energy storage and recovery system is establishedunder the existing site condition of experiment in the field.The regular feature of heatand mass transfer of porous medium during the process of energy storage in brackishaquifers shall be explored, which the possibility that the permeability coefficientvaries with the changes of temperature of recharge solution is proved. Thisexperiment also provides reference model and basic data for indoor experiment.
By combining the actual experiment and theoretical analysis, a set of onedimensional infiltration sand column system is established. With a series of mutation and gradual experiments in temperature and salinities changes of recharge solution,the main reasons causing the changes of aquifer medium space structure andpermeability are explored based on double layer theory. The results show that,permeability is influenced by the temperature and salinity variation of rechargesolution as well as its change gradient. Take the temperature mutation experiment ofrecharge solution as example, the heterogeneousness of permeability in aquifermedium is revealed. In conclusion, when the recharge water remains the same, theregion of hyposmosis curtain in aquifer medium varies with the changes oftemperatures of recharge solution.
Through simulating the heat storage of three dimension infiltration sand box, it isproved that, the permeability changes of aquifer medium is heterogeneous inhorizontal and vertical direction. By fixing and switching the locations of pumpingwell and injection well, it shows that the aquifer medium clay particle distribution andspace structure variations are irreversible. Under these two working modes, lowpermeability curtain occur in aquifer medium. However, where the low permeabilitycurtains lay is different according to its formation mechanism.
引文
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