国内典型电热合金的组织及性能对比研究
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摘要
Cr20Ni80、Cr20Ni35等合金作为电热合金,由于其在高温下具有抗氧化、强度高,长期使用时永久伸长少,且电阻高、电阻温度系数小,因而得到广泛应用。我国专业生产电热合金的厂家有几十家,但产品质量参差不齐,并且某些厂家在生产Cr20Ni80和Cr20Ni35的过程中,存在很多影响产品寿命的环节和因素。而且国内现有的Cr20Ni80和Cr20Ni35产品与进口产品相对比,其寿命远低于国外产品的寿命。基于上述原因,对比研究国内Cr20Ni80和Cr20Ni35电热合金产品,从而提出一些改进合金质量和延长合金使用寿命的措施,是具有一定意义的。
本文详细介绍了与Cr20Ni80合金和Cr20Ni35合金有关的基础理论知识及相关研究报告,在此基础上对来自不同厂家Cr20Ni80合金和Cr20Ni35合金的试样进行了组织、物理及力学性能的对比,并对影响合金性能的因素进行了深入分析。
结果表明:来自不同厂家Cr20Ni80合金的化学成分、力学性能和电阻率值均达到国家标准,但试样的晶粒尺寸差别较大。当合金中含铬量较高,夹杂物含量较高、尺寸较大时,合金的电阻率值较高;合金晶粒越细,合金的室温力学性能越好;夹杂物含量越高,尺寸越大,合金的快速寿命就越低。各试样中尺寸较大的夹杂物以碳化物为主,尺寸较小的夹杂物富集A1、Mg、N、Ti、Fe等元素。
来自不同厂家生产的Cr20Ni35产品的化学成分、力学性能和电阻率值也达到了国家标准,试样中夹杂物分布都不均匀。各试样中尺寸较大的夹杂物同样以碳化物为主,周围尺寸较小的夹杂物富集Mg、N、Ti、Ca和O等元素。
无论是Cr20Ni80合金还是Cr20Ni35合金,电子探针分析的结果都表明:试样中尺寸较大的夹杂物以碳化物为主,这类夹杂物易聚集,且易形成尺寸更大的夹杂物,因此其对合金的力学性能和抗氧化耐腐蚀性能影响较大。同时在这两类合金中均发现了TiN夹杂物的踪影,这种脆性、点状且不变形的夹杂物,会对合金的疲劳性能产生影响,从而降低材料的疲劳强度和寿命。
同时,本文对Cr20Ni80和Cr20Ni35两种合金进行了对比研究。在两种合金中,镍元素均作为基体元素出现。铁元素在Cr20Ni80合金中为微量元素,而在Cr20Ni35合金中则是主要的合金元素。由于Cr20Ni35合金中铁元素含量高,它的高温强度、抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能受到影响,从而间接的影响到了合金的最高使用温度。而Cr20Ni80合金的镍元素含量高,因而它的高温力学性能和室温力学性能均好于Cr20Ni35合金。
As nickel based electrical heating alloy,because of the high temperature oxidation resistance,high strength,little permanent elongation,high resistance and small temperature coefficient of resistance,Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy were widely applied.There are tens of specialized manufacturer in ours contury which produce electrical heating alloy.But the quality of electrical heating alloys are different from each other.And there are many steps and factors which influenced the life of Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy during the process.Comparing with imported products,the longevity of Cr20Ni80 and Cr20Ni35 produced by domestic firms is shorter than that of aborad.Based on these factors,we researched some kinds of Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy in china so as to put forward some measures about improveing the quality and increaseing of service life of electrical heating alloy.
In this paper,the basic theory and correlation report of Cr20Ni80 and Cr20Ni35 alloy were introduced.Further more,the microstructure,chemical components, electrical resistance,mechanical properties and quick life of Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy from different manufacturers in china were comparied.And the influencing factors of properties were investigated.
The results indicate that the chemical components,mechanical properties and electrical resistance of the samples of Cr20Ni80 alloys from different manufacturers reached the national standard.But the grain sizes of samples are different from each other.The results also show that the higher the content of Cr in alloy,the higher the electrical resistance;the smaller the grain sizes in alloy,the better the mechanical properties.When the content and the size of nonmetallic inclusions increased,the alloy's electrical resistance will be increased and the alloy's quick life will be reduced. In samples,large inclusions are dominated by carbides,while Al,Mg,N,Ti,Fe elements etc are rich in small inclusions.
The chemical components,mechanical properties and electrical resistance of the samples of Cr20Ni35 alloys from different manufacturers also reached the national standard.And the distribution of inclusions is nonuniform.In samples,large inclusions are dominated by carbides,while Mg,N,Ti,Ca,0 elements etc are rich in small inclusions.
No matter whether Cr20Ni80 alloy or Cr20Ni35 alloy,Electron microprobe analysis shows that the large inclusions which gathered easily and are easy to form larger inclusions are dominated by carbides.So it has a great effect on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of electrical heating alloy.Meanwhile,the Titanium nitride which is a brittle,dot shaped and undeformable inclusion which will have a effect on fatigue property of alloy,so as to decrease the fatigues trength and life of alloys.
In this artical the Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy were comparative researched.As we all known that nickel element was used as matrix elements in Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy.In Cr20Ni80 alloy Iron element was used as microelement element while used as major element in Cr20Ni35 alloy.Because the Cr20Ni35 alloy has high content of Iron element,its high temperatur strength, oxidation resistance,corrosion resistance and maximum operating temperature decreased.The high temperature mechanical properties and room temperature mechanical properties of Cr20Ni80 alloy is better than that of Cr20Ni35 alloy,because of its high content of nickel element.
本文详细介绍了与Cr20Ni80合金和Cr20Ni35合金有关的基础理论知识及相关研究报告,在此基础上对来自不同厂家Cr20Ni80合金和Cr20Ni35合金的试样进行了组织、物理及力学性能的对比,并对影响合金性能的因素进行了深入分析。
结果表明:来自不同厂家Cr20Ni80合金的化学成分、力学性能和电阻率值均达到国家标准,但试样的晶粒尺寸差别较大。当合金中含铬量较高,夹杂物含量较高、尺寸较大时,合金的电阻率值较高;合金晶粒越细,合金的室温力学性能越好;夹杂物含量越高,尺寸越大,合金的快速寿命就越低。各试样中尺寸较大的夹杂物以碳化物为主,尺寸较小的夹杂物富集A1、Mg、N、Ti、Fe等元素。
来自不同厂家生产的Cr20Ni35产品的化学成分、力学性能和电阻率值也达到了国家标准,试样中夹杂物分布都不均匀。各试样中尺寸较大的夹杂物同样以碳化物为主,周围尺寸较小的夹杂物富集Mg、N、Ti、Ca和O等元素。
无论是Cr20Ni80合金还是Cr20Ni35合金,电子探针分析的结果都表明:试样中尺寸较大的夹杂物以碳化物为主,这类夹杂物易聚集,且易形成尺寸更大的夹杂物,因此其对合金的力学性能和抗氧化耐腐蚀性能影响较大。同时在这两类合金中均发现了TiN夹杂物的踪影,这种脆性、点状且不变形的夹杂物,会对合金的疲劳性能产生影响,从而降低材料的疲劳强度和寿命。
同时,本文对Cr20Ni80和Cr20Ni35两种合金进行了对比研究。在两种合金中,镍元素均作为基体元素出现。铁元素在Cr20Ni80合金中为微量元素,而在Cr20Ni35合金中则是主要的合金元素。由于Cr20Ni35合金中铁元素含量高,它的高温强度、抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能受到影响,从而间接的影响到了合金的最高使用温度。而Cr20Ni80合金的镍元素含量高,因而它的高温力学性能和室温力学性能均好于Cr20Ni35合金。
As nickel based electrical heating alloy,because of the high temperature oxidation resistance,high strength,little permanent elongation,high resistance and small temperature coefficient of resistance,Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy were widely applied.There are tens of specialized manufacturer in ours contury which produce electrical heating alloy.But the quality of electrical heating alloys are different from each other.And there are many steps and factors which influenced the life of Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy during the process.Comparing with imported products,the longevity of Cr20Ni80 and Cr20Ni35 produced by domestic firms is shorter than that of aborad.Based on these factors,we researched some kinds of Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy in china so as to put forward some measures about improveing the quality and increaseing of service life of electrical heating alloy.
In this paper,the basic theory and correlation report of Cr20Ni80 and Cr20Ni35 alloy were introduced.Further more,the microstructure,chemical components, electrical resistance,mechanical properties and quick life of Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy from different manufacturers in china were comparied.And the influencing factors of properties were investigated.
The results indicate that the chemical components,mechanical properties and electrical resistance of the samples of Cr20Ni80 alloys from different manufacturers reached the national standard.But the grain sizes of samples are different from each other.The results also show that the higher the content of Cr in alloy,the higher the electrical resistance;the smaller the grain sizes in alloy,the better the mechanical properties.When the content and the size of nonmetallic inclusions increased,the alloy's electrical resistance will be increased and the alloy's quick life will be reduced. In samples,large inclusions are dominated by carbides,while Al,Mg,N,Ti,Fe elements etc are rich in small inclusions.
The chemical components,mechanical properties and electrical resistance of the samples of Cr20Ni35 alloys from different manufacturers also reached the national standard.And the distribution of inclusions is nonuniform.In samples,large inclusions are dominated by carbides,while Mg,N,Ti,Ca,0 elements etc are rich in small inclusions.
No matter whether Cr20Ni80 alloy or Cr20Ni35 alloy,Electron microprobe analysis shows that the large inclusions which gathered easily and are easy to form larger inclusions are dominated by carbides.So it has a great effect on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of electrical heating alloy.Meanwhile,the Titanium nitride which is a brittle,dot shaped and undeformable inclusion which will have a effect on fatigue property of alloy,so as to decrease the fatigues trength and life of alloys.
In this artical the Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy were comparative researched.As we all known that nickel element was used as matrix elements in Cr20Ni80 alloy and Cr20Ni35 alloy.In Cr20Ni80 alloy Iron element was used as microelement element while used as major element in Cr20Ni35 alloy.Because the Cr20Ni35 alloy has high content of Iron element,its high temperatur strength, oxidation resistance,corrosion resistance and maximum operating temperature decreased.The high temperature mechanical properties and room temperature mechanical properties of Cr20Ni80 alloy is better than that of Cr20Ni35 alloy,because of its high content of nickel element.
引文
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