酒西盆地青西凹陷下沟组湖相“白烟型”喷流岩研究
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摘要
本文在总结对比国内外喷流岩最新研究成果以及研究区前人研究成果基础上,采用矿相、岩相和地球化学等测试分析手段,并结合相关专业理论知识对酒西盆地青西凹陷下白垩统下沟组广泛发育的纹层状“白云质泥岩”和“泥质白云岩”进行了全面深入的研究。结果表明:
a.以纹层状“白云质泥岩”和“泥质白云岩”为代表的深—半深湖相“白烟型”喷流岩中矿物成分主要有与热水活动有关的钠长石和铁白云石,其次有石英、方沸石、重晶石、地开石等,还有少量黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等热水金属矿物,且上述热水矿物具有一定的共生组合规律。
b.这套喷流岩以具微—隐晶结构和纹层状构造为主,局部可出现特征的热水碎屑结构、热水角砾结构和条带状、网脉状、旋涡状构造和同生变形层理,从喷口到盆缘具有如下分带性沉积展布规律:喷流口内发育脉状充填型喷流岩→喷流口处发育水爆角砾型喷流岩→喷流口附近发育盆地沉积型喷流岩→远端发育区域扩散型喷流岩。
c.热液流体主要为贫金属硫化物,富CO_3~(-2)、SO_4~(-2)、Cl~(-1)和Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Si~(4+)、A1~(3+)、Na~+等常量元素和络阴离子,以及Zn、Rb、Mo、As、Ni、Co、Sb、Ba和Ag等深源气液型和深部幔源型微量元素组合的高碱性热卤水(下渗水与深部岩浆水的混合热液);热液活动与酒西坳陷早白垩世伸展构造控制的火山喷发和地热异常有关,北东向次级基底断裂为热液流动及喷发提供良好的通道;由火山活动引起的地热梯度场为热液流动提供动力。
d.否定了前人认为纹层状“白云质泥岩”和“泥质白云岩”是外来的AAW型火山凝灰物质经埋藏成岩改造的产物,或认为是火山凝灰蚀变过程中析出的大量Ca~(2-)、Mg~(2+)离子沉积而形成的观点,并进一步证实了郑荣才教授提出的湖底热水喷流沉积成因观点的科学性和合理性。
e.喷流岩与同时期相伴生的玄武岩和深—半深湖相黑色页岩具有相似的沉积地球化学特征,显示喷流岩也形成于深—半深湖环境且与玄武岩在物质组分的供给关系上具有很强的亲缘性。
f.经国内外文献资料检索,湖相“白烟型”喷流岩已见有相关报道,但酒西盆地青西凹陷下沟组发育的湖相热水沉积白云岩却从未见有报道,应属首例。此类热水沉积白云岩属于原生白云岩中的特殊成因类型,且为一类新的湖相白云岩成因类型。
g.以“白云质泥岩”和“泥质白云岩”为代表的喷流岩兼具烃源岩、储集岩和盖层的多重性质,具备优越的自生、自储、自盖油气配置关系和成藏条件,为玉门油田极具潜力的“深盆”油气勘探开发区。
On the basis of summarizing and comparing with the latest research results of hydrothermal sedimentary rock both at home and abroad and the existed research results of the research district, adopting the analysis means of mineragraphy, petrofacies and geochemistry, etc. and combining with relevant speciality-theory knowledge, the author carries on overall and deep research for extensively distributed lacustrine laminated dolomitic mudstone and muddy dolomite in the Xiagou Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Qingxi sag of Jiuxi basin. The results show:a)The lacustrine "white smoke type" exhalative rock is characterized by the special mineral assemblage including rich claysized-albite and ankerite, a small amount of quartz, analcite, barite and dickite and microcontent iron pyrites, galena, chalcopyrite and blende. Above-mentioned hydrothermal minerals have certain intergrowth assemblage regularity.b)This exhalative rock is mainly characterized by microcrystallite-aphanocrystalline texture and laminated structure, and also shows hydrothermal fragmental texture, hydrothermal brecciated texture, spiral vortex structure and so on. From hydrothermal vent to the margin of basin, the exhalative rock has a depositional spread regularity: filling lode rock type→water bursting breccia type→basin depositing type →region diffusing type.c)The hydrothermal fluid is mainly high alkaline hot brine including poor metal sulphide and rich microelements of CO_3~(-2), SO_4~(-2), Cl~(-1), Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Fe~(2+), Si~(4+), Al~(3+), Na~+ and mantle reservoir microelement of Zn,Rb,Mo,As,Ni,Co,Sb,Ba and Ag.The hydrothermal fluid activity is relative to volcanic eruption and geothermal anomaly by Lower Cretaceous extensional fault controlled in Jiuxi basin.north-east secondary fracture zones offer the good pathway for the flow and eruption of hydrothermal fluid. The geothermal gradient caused by volcanic activity offers the power for the flow of hydrothermal fluid.d)The author denies the viewpoint about the genetic analysis of the exhalative rock that extensively distributed lacustrine laminated dolomitic mudstone and muddy dolomite came from deposition processed
a.以纹层状“白云质泥岩”和“泥质白云岩”为代表的深—半深湖相“白烟型”喷流岩中矿物成分主要有与热水活动有关的钠长石和铁白云石,其次有石英、方沸石、重晶石、地开石等,还有少量黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿等热水金属矿物,且上述热水矿物具有一定的共生组合规律。
b.这套喷流岩以具微—隐晶结构和纹层状构造为主,局部可出现特征的热水碎屑结构、热水角砾结构和条带状、网脉状、旋涡状构造和同生变形层理,从喷口到盆缘具有如下分带性沉积展布规律:喷流口内发育脉状充填型喷流岩→喷流口处发育水爆角砾型喷流岩→喷流口附近发育盆地沉积型喷流岩→远端发育区域扩散型喷流岩。
c.热液流体主要为贫金属硫化物,富CO_3~(-2)、SO_4~(-2)、Cl~(-1)和Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Si~(4+)、A1~(3+)、Na~+等常量元素和络阴离子,以及Zn、Rb、Mo、As、Ni、Co、Sb、Ba和Ag等深源气液型和深部幔源型微量元素组合的高碱性热卤水(下渗水与深部岩浆水的混合热液);热液活动与酒西坳陷早白垩世伸展构造控制的火山喷发和地热异常有关,北东向次级基底断裂为热液流动及喷发提供良好的通道;由火山活动引起的地热梯度场为热液流动提供动力。
d.否定了前人认为纹层状“白云质泥岩”和“泥质白云岩”是外来的AAW型火山凝灰物质经埋藏成岩改造的产物,或认为是火山凝灰蚀变过程中析出的大量Ca~(2-)、Mg~(2+)离子沉积而形成的观点,并进一步证实了郑荣才教授提出的湖底热水喷流沉积成因观点的科学性和合理性。
e.喷流岩与同时期相伴生的玄武岩和深—半深湖相黑色页岩具有相似的沉积地球化学特征,显示喷流岩也形成于深—半深湖环境且与玄武岩在物质组分的供给关系上具有很强的亲缘性。
f.经国内外文献资料检索,湖相“白烟型”喷流岩已见有相关报道,但酒西盆地青西凹陷下沟组发育的湖相热水沉积白云岩却从未见有报道,应属首例。此类热水沉积白云岩属于原生白云岩中的特殊成因类型,且为一类新的湖相白云岩成因类型。
g.以“白云质泥岩”和“泥质白云岩”为代表的喷流岩兼具烃源岩、储集岩和盖层的多重性质,具备优越的自生、自储、自盖油气配置关系和成藏条件,为玉门油田极具潜力的“深盆”油气勘探开发区。
On the basis of summarizing and comparing with the latest research results of hydrothermal sedimentary rock both at home and abroad and the existed research results of the research district, adopting the analysis means of mineragraphy, petrofacies and geochemistry, etc. and combining with relevant speciality-theory knowledge, the author carries on overall and deep research for extensively distributed lacustrine laminated dolomitic mudstone and muddy dolomite in the Xiagou Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Qingxi sag of Jiuxi basin. The results show:a)The lacustrine "white smoke type" exhalative rock is characterized by the special mineral assemblage including rich claysized-albite and ankerite, a small amount of quartz, analcite, barite and dickite and microcontent iron pyrites, galena, chalcopyrite and blende. Above-mentioned hydrothermal minerals have certain intergrowth assemblage regularity.b)This exhalative rock is mainly characterized by microcrystallite-aphanocrystalline texture and laminated structure, and also shows hydrothermal fragmental texture, hydrothermal brecciated texture, spiral vortex structure and so on. From hydrothermal vent to the margin of basin, the exhalative rock has a depositional spread regularity: filling lode rock type→water bursting breccia type→basin depositing type →region diffusing type.c)The hydrothermal fluid is mainly high alkaline hot brine including poor metal sulphide and rich microelements of CO_3~(-2), SO_4~(-2), Cl~(-1), Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Fe~(2+), Si~(4+), Al~(3+), Na~+ and mantle reservoir microelement of Zn,Rb,Mo,As,Ni,Co,Sb,Ba and Ag.The hydrothermal fluid activity is relative to volcanic eruption and geothermal anomaly by Lower Cretaceous extensional fault controlled in Jiuxi basin.north-east secondary fracture zones offer the good pathway for the flow and eruption of hydrothermal fluid. The geothermal gradient caused by volcanic activity offers the power for the flow of hydrothermal fluid.d)The author denies the viewpoint about the genetic analysis of the exhalative rock that extensively distributed lacustrine laminated dolomitic mudstone and muddy dolomite came from deposition processed
引文
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