6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺研究
|
摘要
本文对6061铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW)工艺试验,研究了焊接接头的力学性能和微观组织。力学性能试验的结果表明,6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头的强度可达母材的79%；由金相试验结果可知搅拌摩擦焊接接头主要分为五个区,焊核区、前进侧以及后退侧热机影响区、前进侧以及后退侧热影响区,每个区域由于经历的机械搅拌和焊接热循环作用不同,在微观组织和力学性能上有很大的不同。
为了研究各个区域微观组织及力学性能不同的原因,采用热电偶测温的方法测量除了焊核区之外的各个区域的温度,并通过ANSYS热分析得到焊核区的温度。结果表明热影响区的热循环最高温度约为300℃,热机影响区热循环的最高温度达到350℃,焊核区的热循环的最高温度达到450℃。
通过人工神经网络建立了6061铝合金FSW的焊接质量专家系统,利用此系统对工艺参数进行优化,得到焊接参数为1100rpm、焊接速度180mm/min、压入量0.4mm时接头具有最高的强度,而此参数的实测数据为188MPa。
In this paper,the process of stir welding friction of6061aluminum alloy was studied. The mechanical properties and micro structure of the welded joint was investigated. The results show that, the joint has good mechanical properties.reaches79%strength of the base metal and good plasticity. The microstructure observation indicates that the friction stir welding joint is divided into five regions:the weld nugget zone, theromal-mechanical affected zone, heat affected zone, and the base metal. The microstructure and mechanical properties of each region is very different form each other, just beacause they have experienced different mechanical and thermal cycle effects.
The thermal cycle of the FSW joint except the nugget zone, was measured by thermocouple system,Furthermore, temperature of the nugget zone was evaluated by ANSYS thermal analysis. The results show that the highest temperature of thermal cycle of theromal-mechanical affected zone is about350℃, the heat affected zone is about300℃, and the nugget zone is about450℃.
The prediction system of6061friction stir welding was established by artificial neural network. This system can predict the tensile property accurately, and optimize the welding parameters advisably. The results show that.the joint with the parameters of1100rad/min,180mm/min and pressed in0.4mm has the highest Strength.
为了研究各个区域微观组织及力学性能不同的原因,采用热电偶测温的方法测量除了焊核区之外的各个区域的温度,并通过ANSYS热分析得到焊核区的温度。结果表明热影响区的热循环最高温度约为300℃,热机影响区热循环的最高温度达到350℃,焊核区的热循环的最高温度达到450℃。
通过人工神经网络建立了6061铝合金FSW的焊接质量专家系统,利用此系统对工艺参数进行优化,得到焊接参数为1100rpm、焊接速度180mm/min、压入量0.4mm时接头具有最高的强度,而此参数的实测数据为188MPa。
In this paper,the process of stir welding friction of6061aluminum alloy was studied. The mechanical properties and micro structure of the welded joint was investigated. The results show that, the joint has good mechanical properties.reaches79%strength of the base metal and good plasticity. The microstructure observation indicates that the friction stir welding joint is divided into five regions:the weld nugget zone, theromal-mechanical affected zone, heat affected zone, and the base metal. The microstructure and mechanical properties of each region is very different form each other, just beacause they have experienced different mechanical and thermal cycle effects.
The thermal cycle of the FSW joint except the nugget zone, was measured by thermocouple system,Furthermore, temperature of the nugget zone was evaluated by ANSYS thermal analysis. The results show that the highest temperature of thermal cycle of theromal-mechanical affected zone is about350℃, the heat affected zone is about300℃, and the nugget zone is about450℃.
The prediction system of6061friction stir welding was established by artificial neural network. This system can predict the tensile property accurately, and optimize the welding parameters advisably. The results show that.the joint with the parameters of1100rad/min,180mm/min and pressed in0.4mm has the highest Strength.
引文
[1]赵军军.7A52铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺优化.装甲兵工程学院学报.21(4),2007：70-73
[2]Tomas W M. Friction Stir Butt Welding. International Patent Application 91259788[P], 1991.
[3]刘会杰.中国搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究.焊接.2004,2：4-9.
[4]黄华.先进的搅拌摩擦焊技术.有色金属.58(2),2006：62-64.
[5]栾国红.钛合金的搅拌摩擦焊探索.焊接学报.26(11),2005：85-86.
[6]白钢.镁合金搅拌摩擦焊研究.35(11).2006：33-35.
[7]刘雪梅.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊与熔化极氩弧焊接头组织性能比较.热加工工艺.39(4),2009：28.
[8]陈国庆.铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头金相组织.焊接.2004(4)：4.
[9]达朝炳.铜合金同种及异种金属搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究.兰州理工大学硕士论文,,2007年.
[10]王希靖.异种镁合金AZ31B与AZ61A的搅拌摩擦焊工艺.中国有色金属学报.18(7),2008：1119-2024.
[11]Stephan W Kallee.Friction stir welding-how to weld aluminium without melting it.Innovations for Ivew Rail Business LvIechE,London,24 May 2001.
[12]Patricio F,Mendez,Thomas W M,et al. Welding processes for aeronautics. Advanced Materials and Processes.2001.159:38-42
[13]李亭.2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究.清华大学硕士论文.2007：44-58
[14]Long Tianzhong, Seidel Tilman Urs, Tang Wei. A friction stir welding model using computational fluid dynamics.TMS Annual Meeting, Shanghai,2003,99-312
[15周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波,等ANSYS11.0基础与典型范例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[16]Liu hui jie.Chen ying hun.Frietion stir welding charaeteristies of 6061-T6 aluminum alloys heet[J].Transaction sofe Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2005,15(2):43 - 46.
[17]LEE, etal.Friction stir welding:microstructural charaeterization[J].MaterResInnoval, 1998,23(1):211 - 223.
[18]赵勇等.焊接方法对6061铝合金焊接接头性能影响的研究[J].江苏科技大学学报,2006,20(1)：92—95.8
[19]MurrLEE, FloresR D, FloresOV, etal.Friction stir welding:microstructural charaeterization[J].MaterResInnoval,1998,23(1):211 - 223.
[20]Won-BaeLeel, Hyung-SunJang.Effect of PWHT on Behaviors of PreciPitates and Hardness distribution of 6061 Al alloy Joints by Frietion Stir Welding Method[J].Materials Scienee Forum.2004(449):601-604.
[21]Zeng WM,WuHL.Effeet of Tool Wearon Mierostrueture, Mechancial ProPertes and Acoustic Emission of Frietion stir welde 6061 Alalloy[J].AetaMetallurgieaSiniea,2006, 19(1):9 - 19.
[22]郭小娟搅拌摩擦焊热过程模拟分析天津大学硕士学位论文2007：54
[23]罗维大厚度6061T6铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊研究中南大学硕士论文2010：76
[24]刘蓉基于神经网络的摩擦焊接工艺参数专家系统的研究西北工业大学硕士论文：30-52
[25]束德林.工程材料力学性能[M].北京：机械工程出版社,2007.P63-64
[26]赵品.材料科学基础[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.P139-143
[27]London Blair.etc. Material flow in friction stir welding monitored with Al-SiC and Al-W composite markers. TMS Annual Meeting,2003,3-12
[28]张忠科搅拌摩擦焊接多场检测及耦合关键问题研究兰州理工大学博士论文：59-61
[29]ANSYS热分析中文指南[M].安世亚太中国分公司
[30]张培磊等.铝合金FSW温度场数值模拟[J].江苏科技大学学报.2005,第19卷6期
[31]夏春,邢丽,柯黎明,张彦富.搅拌摩擦焊热源数值模型[J].金属铸锻焊术.2008.
[32]李红克,史清宇等.热量自适应FSW热源模型[J].焊接学报.第27卷11期：23-26
[33]程久欢等.最新焊接热源模型的研究进展[J].焊接技术,2004,33(3)：13-15
[34]张国志,胡仁喜等.热分析实例指导教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006：24-33
[35]王希靖,郭瑞杰,阿荣,韩晓辉 铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊温度场模型全国焊接技术交流会2004
[36]D.F.摩尔.摩擦学原理和应用.黄文治,谢振中,杨明安译[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1982.21-30.
[37]伶建华等.6061T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,28(8)：1011—1017.
[38]尹士科.焊接材料使用基础知识[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.10-21
[39]丛爽MATLAB工具箱的神经网络理论和应用[M].合肥：中国科技大学出版社,1998.57
[40]韩力群.人工神经网络理论设计及应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002.30-33
[41]王旭等.人工神经元网络原理及应用[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2000.17-18
[42]王洪元等.人工神经网络技术及其应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002.2-4
[43]闻新MATLAB神经网络仿真与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.208-220
[44]张一公.工程常用材料性能手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998.111-114
[45]schneider J A,nunes Jr A C. Thermo-mechancial modaling friction stir welds. LMS Annual Meeting.San Deigo,2003,43-51
[46]冯向风.郑铁柱.基于BP神经网络的复杂背景下的运动目标检测[J].模糊系统与数学,2004,1358
[2]Tomas W M. Friction Stir Butt Welding. International Patent Application 91259788[P], 1991.
[3]刘会杰.中国搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究.焊接.2004,2：4-9.
[4]黄华.先进的搅拌摩擦焊技术.有色金属.58(2),2006：62-64.
[5]栾国红.钛合金的搅拌摩擦焊探索.焊接学报.26(11),2005：85-86.
[6]白钢.镁合金搅拌摩擦焊研究.35(11).2006：33-35.
[7]刘雪梅.铝合金搅拌摩擦焊与熔化极氩弧焊接头组织性能比较.热加工工艺.39(4),2009：28.
[8]陈国庆.铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头金相组织.焊接.2004(4)：4.
[9]达朝炳.铜合金同种及异种金属搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究.兰州理工大学硕士论文,,2007年.
[10]王希靖.异种镁合金AZ31B与AZ61A的搅拌摩擦焊工艺.中国有色金属学报.18(7),2008：1119-2024.
[11]Stephan W Kallee.Friction stir welding-how to weld aluminium without melting it.Innovations for Ivew Rail Business LvIechE,London,24 May 2001.
[12]Patricio F,Mendez,Thomas W M,et al. Welding processes for aeronautics. Advanced Materials and Processes.2001.159:38-42
[13]李亭.2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究.清华大学硕士论文.2007：44-58
[14]Long Tianzhong, Seidel Tilman Urs, Tang Wei. A friction stir welding model using computational fluid dynamics.TMS Annual Meeting, Shanghai,2003,99-312
[15周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波,等ANSYS11.0基础与典型范例[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[16]Liu hui jie.Chen ying hun.Frietion stir welding charaeteristies of 6061-T6 aluminum alloys heet[J].Transaction sofe Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2005,15(2):43 - 46.
[17]LEE, etal.Friction stir welding:microstructural charaeterization[J].MaterResInnoval, 1998,23(1):211 - 223.
[18]赵勇等.焊接方法对6061铝合金焊接接头性能影响的研究[J].江苏科技大学学报,2006,20(1)：92—95.8
[19]MurrLEE, FloresR D, FloresOV, etal.Friction stir welding:microstructural charaeterization[J].MaterResInnoval,1998,23(1):211 - 223.
[20]Won-BaeLeel, Hyung-SunJang.Effect of PWHT on Behaviors of PreciPitates and Hardness distribution of 6061 Al alloy Joints by Frietion Stir Welding Method[J].Materials Scienee Forum.2004(449):601-604.
[21]Zeng WM,WuHL.Effeet of Tool Wearon Mierostrueture, Mechancial ProPertes and Acoustic Emission of Frietion stir welde 6061 Alalloy[J].AetaMetallurgieaSiniea,2006, 19(1):9 - 19.
[22]郭小娟搅拌摩擦焊热过程模拟分析天津大学硕士学位论文2007：54
[23]罗维大厚度6061T6铝合金板搅拌摩擦焊研究中南大学硕士论文2010：76
[24]刘蓉基于神经网络的摩擦焊接工艺参数专家系统的研究西北工业大学硕士论文：30-52
[25]束德林.工程材料力学性能[M].北京：机械工程出版社,2007.P63-64
[26]赵品.材料科学基础[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.P139-143
[27]London Blair.etc. Material flow in friction stir welding monitored with Al-SiC and Al-W composite markers. TMS Annual Meeting,2003,3-12
[28]张忠科搅拌摩擦焊接多场检测及耦合关键问题研究兰州理工大学博士论文：59-61
[29]ANSYS热分析中文指南[M].安世亚太中国分公司
[30]张培磊等.铝合金FSW温度场数值模拟[J].江苏科技大学学报.2005,第19卷6期
[31]夏春,邢丽,柯黎明,张彦富.搅拌摩擦焊热源数值模型[J].金属铸锻焊术.2008.
[32]李红克,史清宇等.热量自适应FSW热源模型[J].焊接学报.第27卷11期：23-26
[33]程久欢等.最新焊接热源模型的研究进展[J].焊接技术,2004,33(3)：13-15
[34]张国志,胡仁喜等.热分析实例指导教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006：24-33
[35]王希靖,郭瑞杰,阿荣,韩晓辉 铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊温度场模型全国焊接技术交流会2004
[36]D.F.摩尔.摩擦学原理和应用.黄文治,谢振中,杨明安译[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1982.21-30.
[37]伶建华等.6061T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,28(8)：1011—1017.
[38]尹士科.焊接材料使用基础知识[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.10-21
[39]丛爽MATLAB工具箱的神经网络理论和应用[M].合肥：中国科技大学出版社,1998.57
[40]韩力群.人工神经网络理论设计及应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002.30-33
[41]王旭等.人工神经元网络原理及应用[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2000.17-18
[42]王洪元等.人工神经网络技术及其应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002.2-4
[43]闻新MATLAB神经网络仿真与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.208-220
[44]张一公.工程常用材料性能手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998.111-114
[45]schneider J A,nunes Jr A C. Thermo-mechancial modaling friction stir welds. LMS Annual Meeting.San Deigo,2003,43-51
[46]冯向风.郑铁柱.基于BP神经网络的复杂背景下的运动目标检测[J].模糊系统与数学,2004,1358