离散多层爆炸容器动力响应及其工程设计方法研究
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摘要
爆炸容器是一种潜在危险的限域装置,它能限制爆炸冲击波和产物的作用范围,对试验人员和设备实现有效的近距离保护,方便对爆炸和爆轰过程进行观察和测试,因此被广泛地应用于国防军事、爆炸加工、危险物质储运和科学研究等领域。随着爆炸容器的大型化,目前广泛使用的单层爆炸容器的固有缺点逐渐显露出来,如制造困难、成本高、厚钢板(锻件)质量不易保证等,难以满足爆炸容器大当量化的要求。因此研究新型结构爆炸容器来满足爆炸容器大当量化的要求具有十分重要的意义。
本文以国家自然科学基金课题“密闭多层圆柱壳在内爆炸强动载荷下的动力响应和寿命研究”(项目编号:10372091)和“多层圆柱形爆炸容器设计方法研究”(项目编号:50675195)为依托,对离散多层爆炸容器在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的弹塑性动力响应及其设计方法进行了较为深入的研究。本文的主要研究内容为:
(1)建立了弹性动力响应理论计算模型。通过将位移解分离为满足给定边界条件的准静态解和满足初始条件的动态解的方法求解内外层的径向位移,其中准静态解由齐次线性方法和边界条件确定,动态解通过有限Hankel积分变换和Laplace积分变换求得。在相同的内部动载荷作用下,对几何尺寸、材料均相同的多层离散圆筒和单层圆筒的动力响应进行了对比分析;对钢带缠绕倾角、内外层厚度比和内外层材料组合对动力响应的影响进行了研究。
(2)建立了刚塑性动力响应理论计算模型。采用刚塑性材料本构模型,对整体均布矩形载荷和局部载荷作用下的离散多层爆炸容器的动力响应进行了研究;通过引入钢带有效质量因子,得到了具有较高精度的内筒和外钢带层最大位移和动力响应时间的计算公式;揭示了离散多层爆炸容器存在着各层分离和各层共同运动这两种运动模式,并给出了两种运动模式转换的条件。
(3)基于LS-DYNA和ABAQUS,建立了离散多层爆炸容器的刚塑性动力响应三维数值分析模型。通过对比分析LS-DYNA和ABAQUS计算结果,确定了接触计算中关键参数的设置。在此基础上,数值计算了离散多层爆炸容器的动力响应,进一步证明了容器存在着各层分离和共同运动这两种运动模式,数值计算结果与理论分析结果符合良好。
(4)建立了考虑材料应变强化效应和应变率效应的塑性动力响应理论计算模型。
针对离散多层爆炸容器可能出现的各层分离和共同运动这两种运动模式,分别推导出两种运动模式下的最大位移计算公式和等效塑性应变计算公式。通过数值计算,证明了最大位移计算公式和等效塑性应变公式具有较高的精度。
(5)基于LS-DYNA,建立了局部载荷作用下考虑材料应变强化效应和应变率效应的塑性动力响应数值计算模型。根据材料组合的不同,再次证实了离散多层爆炸容器存在着各层分离和各层共同运动这两种不同的运动模式。在局部载荷作用下,发现了外层钢带层在运动后期存在的一种非薄膜运动模式;在各层共同运动条件下,发现离散多层爆炸容器的最大等效塑性应变总是出现在内筒中心截面处,并且各钢带层的等效塑性应变基本不随钢带的后期非薄膜运动而变化。
(6)提出了多次使用和单次使用离散多层爆炸容器的设计方法。对于多次使用离散多层爆炸容器,为便于工程应用,推导出一组方便的计算内筒和各层钢带层应力和位移的理论公式,通过引入安全系数,得到了容器最大的允许爆炸载荷。对于单次使用离散多层爆炸容器,阐明了内筒和钢带层的等效塑性应变是衡量容器强度的最重要指标,提出了极限应变设计准则,并给出了钢带层缠绕倾角、内外层厚度比和材料组合的选择原则。
Explosion containment vessel is a device used for confining potential danger.It can restrict shock wave and production of explosion,effectively protect the personnel and equipment near from the explosion,and facilitate the observation and testing of the explosion and detonation process.Therefore,it is widely used in national defense, fabrication using explosion process,storage and transportation of dangerous substances, scientific research and other fields.Because of the development of military,fabrication and scientific research,there is a larger capacity trend existing in explosion containment vessels. With the capacity development of explosion containment vessels,the inherent shortages of the currently widely used single shell explosion containment vessels gradually reveal themselves.For instance,the manufacturing difficulties,high costs,and difficult quality assurance of the thick steel plate(forge).Therefore,it is a very important to develop new type explosion containment vessel to fulfill the requirement of large capacity.
Based on the National Natural Science Foundation″Analysis of Dynamic Elastic Response and Lifetime of Confined Discrete Multi-Layered Explosion Containment Vessel(DMECV) under Strong Dynamic Load″(No.10372091) and″Investigation on Method for Design of Multilayered Cylindrical Explosion Containment Vessels″(No.50675195),the elastoplastic dynamic response and design methods for DMECV under explosion loading were deeply studied in this thesis.The main researches are as follows:
(1) A theoretical elastic-dynamic response calculation model has been developed.The displacement solution of the dynamic equilibrium equations of both inner shell and outer ribbon layer can be decomposed into two parts,i.e.,a elastic solution for inhomogeneous stress boundary conditions,and an elastic-dynamic solution for homogeneous stress boundary conditions under given initial conditions.The quasi-static elastic solution is determined by linearity method and stress boundary conditions,while the dynamic solution is worked out by means of finite Hankel integral transformation and Laplace integral transformation.Under the same internal dynamic loads,the dynamic responses of DMECV and monobloc explosion vessel with the same geometry and material have been comparative analyzed,and the effect of winding angle,inner and outer shell thickness ratio and material composition on the dynamic response have also been studied.
(2) A theoretical calculation model for rigid plastic dynamic response has been established. By using a rigid plastic constitutive material model,the dynamic response of DMECV under the overall uniformly distributed rectangular load and partial load have been studied. Through the introduction of ribbon effective quality factor,the largest displacement and dynamic response time calculation formula for the inner shell and outer ribbon layer have been deduced,which are with high accuracy.Two modes of shell movements,i.e.,moving separately and moving together,are revealed,and the conversion conditions of the two movement modes are also given.
(3) Three-dimensional numerical simulation method for calculating the rigid plastic dynamic response of DMECV has been developed.Finite element analysis models are established based on LS-DYNA and ABAQUS.Through comparing and analyzing the LS-DYNA and ABAQUS simulation results,the key parameters for exposure calculation have been determined.Based on the results of the former analysis,the numerical dynamic responses of DMECV are calculated,and the numerical calculation results fit with the theoretical analysis results very well,which further prove the existence of the two movement modes of DMECV.
(4) Considering the strain strengthening effect and strain rate effect of the material,the model for calculating the plastic dynamic response has been established.Corresponding for each of the two movement modes,the maximum displacement formula and the equivalent plastic strain formula are derived.By calculating the theoretical formulas and comparing the result with numerical simulation results,it verifies that the largest displacement formula and equivalent plastic strain formula are with fine precision.
(5) Considering the material strain strengthening effect and strain rate effect,the numerical simulation model for calculating the plastic dynamic response of DMECV under partial load has been established in LS-DYNA.According to the combination of different materials,the two movement modes of DMECV are confirmed again.Under partial load,in the latter part of a movement,the existence of non-membrane movement pattern of the outer ribbon layer is found.Under the condition of all layers together movement,it is found that the largest equivalent plastic strain of the vessel is always in the cross-section of the cylinder centre,and that the equivalent plastic strain of the ribbon shell don't change with the non- membrane movement. (6) The methods for design of multiple-used and single-used DMECV have been developed. For a multiple-used DMECV,in order to facilitate the engineering application,a group of theoretical formulae for easily calculating stresses and displacements of the inner shell and outer ribbon shells have been derived.By introducing a safety factor,the largest allowable explosive load for the DMECV is obtained.For a single-used DMECV,the equivalent plastic strains of inner shell and layered ribbons are the most important indicator for vessel strength is clarified,and a limit strain design rule is carried out.At last,selection principle of ribbon winding angle,inner and outer shell thickness ratio and material compositions are narrated.
本文以国家自然科学基金课题“密闭多层圆柱壳在内爆炸强动载荷下的动力响应和寿命研究”(项目编号:10372091)和“多层圆柱形爆炸容器设计方法研究”(项目编号:50675195)为依托,对离散多层爆炸容器在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的弹塑性动力响应及其设计方法进行了较为深入的研究。本文的主要研究内容为:
(1)建立了弹性动力响应理论计算模型。通过将位移解分离为满足给定边界条件的准静态解和满足初始条件的动态解的方法求解内外层的径向位移,其中准静态解由齐次线性方法和边界条件确定,动态解通过有限Hankel积分变换和Laplace积分变换求得。在相同的内部动载荷作用下,对几何尺寸、材料均相同的多层离散圆筒和单层圆筒的动力响应进行了对比分析;对钢带缠绕倾角、内外层厚度比和内外层材料组合对动力响应的影响进行了研究。
(2)建立了刚塑性动力响应理论计算模型。采用刚塑性材料本构模型,对整体均布矩形载荷和局部载荷作用下的离散多层爆炸容器的动力响应进行了研究;通过引入钢带有效质量因子,得到了具有较高精度的内筒和外钢带层最大位移和动力响应时间的计算公式;揭示了离散多层爆炸容器存在着各层分离和各层共同运动这两种运动模式,并给出了两种运动模式转换的条件。
(3)基于LS-DYNA和ABAQUS,建立了离散多层爆炸容器的刚塑性动力响应三维数值分析模型。通过对比分析LS-DYNA和ABAQUS计算结果,确定了接触计算中关键参数的设置。在此基础上,数值计算了离散多层爆炸容器的动力响应,进一步证明了容器存在着各层分离和共同运动这两种运动模式,数值计算结果与理论分析结果符合良好。
(4)建立了考虑材料应变强化效应和应变率效应的塑性动力响应理论计算模型。
针对离散多层爆炸容器可能出现的各层分离和共同运动这两种运动模式,分别推导出两种运动模式下的最大位移计算公式和等效塑性应变计算公式。通过数值计算,证明了最大位移计算公式和等效塑性应变公式具有较高的精度。
(5)基于LS-DYNA,建立了局部载荷作用下考虑材料应变强化效应和应变率效应的塑性动力响应数值计算模型。根据材料组合的不同,再次证实了离散多层爆炸容器存在着各层分离和各层共同运动这两种不同的运动模式。在局部载荷作用下,发现了外层钢带层在运动后期存在的一种非薄膜运动模式;在各层共同运动条件下,发现离散多层爆炸容器的最大等效塑性应变总是出现在内筒中心截面处,并且各钢带层的等效塑性应变基本不随钢带的后期非薄膜运动而变化。
(6)提出了多次使用和单次使用离散多层爆炸容器的设计方法。对于多次使用离散多层爆炸容器,为便于工程应用,推导出一组方便的计算内筒和各层钢带层应力和位移的理论公式,通过引入安全系数,得到了容器最大的允许爆炸载荷。对于单次使用离散多层爆炸容器,阐明了内筒和钢带层的等效塑性应变是衡量容器强度的最重要指标,提出了极限应变设计准则,并给出了钢带层缠绕倾角、内外层厚度比和材料组合的选择原则。
Explosion containment vessel is a device used for confining potential danger.It can restrict shock wave and production of explosion,effectively protect the personnel and equipment near from the explosion,and facilitate the observation and testing of the explosion and detonation process.Therefore,it is widely used in national defense, fabrication using explosion process,storage and transportation of dangerous substances, scientific research and other fields.Because of the development of military,fabrication and scientific research,there is a larger capacity trend existing in explosion containment vessels. With the capacity development of explosion containment vessels,the inherent shortages of the currently widely used single shell explosion containment vessels gradually reveal themselves.For instance,the manufacturing difficulties,high costs,and difficult quality assurance of the thick steel plate(forge).Therefore,it is a very important to develop new type explosion containment vessel to fulfill the requirement of large capacity.
Based on the National Natural Science Foundation″Analysis of Dynamic Elastic Response and Lifetime of Confined Discrete Multi-Layered Explosion Containment Vessel(DMECV) under Strong Dynamic Load″(No.10372091) and″Investigation on Method for Design of Multilayered Cylindrical Explosion Containment Vessels″(No.50675195),the elastoplastic dynamic response and design methods for DMECV under explosion loading were deeply studied in this thesis.The main researches are as follows:
(1) A theoretical elastic-dynamic response calculation model has been developed.The displacement solution of the dynamic equilibrium equations of both inner shell and outer ribbon layer can be decomposed into two parts,i.e.,a elastic solution for inhomogeneous stress boundary conditions,and an elastic-dynamic solution for homogeneous stress boundary conditions under given initial conditions.The quasi-static elastic solution is determined by linearity method and stress boundary conditions,while the dynamic solution is worked out by means of finite Hankel integral transformation and Laplace integral transformation.Under the same internal dynamic loads,the dynamic responses of DMECV and monobloc explosion vessel with the same geometry and material have been comparative analyzed,and the effect of winding angle,inner and outer shell thickness ratio and material composition on the dynamic response have also been studied.
(2) A theoretical calculation model for rigid plastic dynamic response has been established. By using a rigid plastic constitutive material model,the dynamic response of DMECV under the overall uniformly distributed rectangular load and partial load have been studied. Through the introduction of ribbon effective quality factor,the largest displacement and dynamic response time calculation formula for the inner shell and outer ribbon layer have been deduced,which are with high accuracy.Two modes of shell movements,i.e.,moving separately and moving together,are revealed,and the conversion conditions of the two movement modes are also given.
(3) Three-dimensional numerical simulation method for calculating the rigid plastic dynamic response of DMECV has been developed.Finite element analysis models are established based on LS-DYNA and ABAQUS.Through comparing and analyzing the LS-DYNA and ABAQUS simulation results,the key parameters for exposure calculation have been determined.Based on the results of the former analysis,the numerical dynamic responses of DMECV are calculated,and the numerical calculation results fit with the theoretical analysis results very well,which further prove the existence of the two movement modes of DMECV.
(4) Considering the strain strengthening effect and strain rate effect of the material,the model for calculating the plastic dynamic response has been established.Corresponding for each of the two movement modes,the maximum displacement formula and the equivalent plastic strain formula are derived.By calculating the theoretical formulas and comparing the result with numerical simulation results,it verifies that the largest displacement formula and equivalent plastic strain formula are with fine precision.
(5) Considering the material strain strengthening effect and strain rate effect,the numerical simulation model for calculating the plastic dynamic response of DMECV under partial load has been established in LS-DYNA.According to the combination of different materials,the two movement modes of DMECV are confirmed again.Under partial load,in the latter part of a movement,the existence of non-membrane movement pattern of the outer ribbon layer is found.Under the condition of all layers together movement,it is found that the largest equivalent plastic strain of the vessel is always in the cross-section of the cylinder centre,and that the equivalent plastic strain of the ribbon shell don't change with the non- membrane movement. (6) The methods for design of multiple-used and single-used DMECV have been developed. For a multiple-used DMECV,in order to facilitate the engineering application,a group of theoretical formulae for easily calculating stresses and displacements of the inner shell and outer ribbon shells have been derived.By introducing a safety factor,the largest allowable explosive load for the DMECV is obtained.For a single-used DMECV,the equivalent plastic strains of inner shell and layered ribbons are the most important indicator for vessel strength is clarified,and a limit strain design rule is carried out.At last,selection principle of ribbon winding angle,inner and outer shell thickness ratio and material compositions are narrated.
引文
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