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浮法硼硅酸盐平板玻璃组成、结构与性能的研究
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摘要
硼硅酸盐玻璃与普通钠钙硅玻璃相比,性能上具有非常明显的优势。然而目前该系统的玻璃仍主要应用在仪器玻璃、器皿玻璃等非平板领域。若能实现浮法大规模生产硼硅酸盐平板玻璃,则其应用领域可以扩展到建筑防火,液晶显示器,以及太阳能电池等领域。
     但熔化温度高、高温粘度大、易分相等问题导致其难以满足浮法生产工艺,限制了其优良性能的完全发挥和大规模的应用。因此本课题希望通过系统深入研究硼硅酸盐玻璃的组成、结构与性能之间的规律,寻求适合浮法生产工艺要求,不易分相与析晶,且性能优良稳定的耐热硼硅酸盐平板玻璃组成。
     本论文研究探讨了不同因素对硼挥发和玻璃熔化澄清的影响,以此为基础制定了本实验的熔制工艺制度。参考普通钠钙硅玻璃浮法成型工艺的特点,从玻璃熔化和成型温度要求、粘度——温度曲线要求、析晶温度上限要求等方面探讨了硼硅酸盐玻璃浮法成型的特点和要求,发现耐热硼硅酸盐玻璃的料性比普通钠钙硅玻璃的料性长。
     本论文分别从B_2O_3/SiO_2、Al_2O_3/SiO_2、混合碱金属氧化物以及混合碱土金属氧化物四个方面研究了硼硅酸盐玻璃基本组成对其结构和性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM、红外光谱测试分析了玻璃的结构变化,并重点研究了各基本组成对硼硅酸盐玻璃热膨胀性能、分相及粘度的影响规律。在本论文所研究的硼硅酸盐玻璃组成范围内,研究发现:
     B_2O_3取代SiO_2后,随着B_2O_3/SiO_2增大,热膨胀系数出现一个极小值:转变温度T_g和膨胀软化温度T_f逐渐降低;玻璃结构中[BO_3]逐渐增加,并引起玻璃的分相程度逐渐加重;玻璃的高温粘度有所降低,料性变短。
     Al_2O_3取代SiO_2后,发现Al_2O_3对含B_2O_3和不含B_2O_3的玻璃的影响不一样,甚至相反:随着Al_2O_3/SiO_2的增大,热膨胀系数逐渐增大,玻璃的T_g和T_f都逐渐升高:引入少量Al_2O_3后,对玻璃分相的影响变化不大;而玻璃的高温粘度却逐渐增大,料性变长。
     随着Li_2O替代Na_2O的增加,玻璃的分相逐渐加重:玻璃的热膨胀系数线性减小,膨胀软化温度先升高,而后当分相非常严重时有所降低。随着K_2O替代Na_2O,玻璃的热膨胀系数明显增大且膨胀软化温度逐渐提高;K_2O对玻璃的分相没有产生明显的影响。二元和三元混合碱的硼硅酸盐玻璃的热膨胀系数和膨胀软化温度都没有出现“混合碱效应”,而膨胀软化温度由于存在离子间的相互阻挡而显著提高。
     碱土金属氧化物替代Na_2O,产生的“混合离子效应”,使得玻璃的膨胀软化温度显著提高。但碱土金属离子由于场强大,对加重玻璃分相的影响要比一价碱金属离子的影响要大。
     最后,在总结以上基本组成对硼硅酸盐玻璃各种性能的影响规律的基础上,设计出4组具有不同热膨胀性能,不易分相与析晶,且基本满足浮法工艺的耐热硼硅酸盐平板玻璃组成。
The properties of borosilicate glass have an obvious advantage contrasted with normal silicate glass. But this system glass is still mainly used in non-flat fields, such as instrument glass and vessel glass. Its application can be expanded into fire-resistant glass, LCD and solar battery if the borosilicate glass be produced by float technics in larger scale.
     But there is some problem in the melting and molding of borosilicate glass, such as high melting temperature, larger viscosity and easy phase separation, etc, which make it's hard to be yielded by float technics, and then limited its large-scale application. Therefore, this paper expects to systematically study the component, structure and properties of borosilicate glass, look after the appropriate component of borosilicate float glass, which is satisfied with float technics, not easy to be of phase separation and crystallization, and with excellent and steady properties.
     This paper firstly discussed the influence of different factors on the boron volatilization and glass clarification, on which the melting and molding process system was established. Referenced the point of float technics of normal silicate glass, discussed the point and request of float technics of borosilicate glass from the glass melting and molding temperature, viscosity-temperature curve and upper limit of crystallization temperature, etc. The result shows that setting rate of borosilicate glass is slower than that of normal silicate glass.
     This paper studied the effect of basic component on the structure and properties of borosilicate glass from four aspects, B_2O_3/SiO_2, Al_2O_3/SiO_2, mixed alkali oxide and mixed alkaline earth oxide. The structure of glass was analyzed by XRD, SEM, IR spectrum, the effect of chemical component on the thermal expansion, viscosity and phase separation of borosilicate glass was mainly studied. The results show that:
     When SiO_2 is substituted by B_2O_3, with the increasing of B_2O_3/SiO_2, thermal expansion coefficient of glass exists a minimum, transition temperature (T_g) and thermal expansion temperature (T_f ) both decrease, [BO_3] increase gradually, which aggravate the phase separation of glass, the setting rate become more rapid.
     When SiO_2 is substituted by Al_2O_3, find that the effect of Al_2O_3 on the glass contains B_2O_3 and glass not contains B_2O_3 is quite more different. With the increasing of Al_2O_3/SiO_2, thermal expansion coefficient of glass increases, the T_g and T_f both increase, the addition of Al_2O_3 into borosilicate glass has not obvious improvement on the phase separation of glass, the viscosity of glass increases and the setting rate become more slow.
     With the increasing of Li_2O, the phase separation of glass aggravates gradually, thermal expansion coefficient decreases linearly; T_f increases firstly and then decreases for the severe phase separation. With the increasing of K_2O,αand T_f of glass both increase, K_2O has not obvious effect on the phase separation of glass. There are not "mixed alkali effect" onαand T_f of binary and ternary borosilicate glass, but T_f of glass related with ion diffusion increase obviously for the "mutual block of ions".
     When Na_2O is substituted by alkaline earth oxide, T_f of glass increase obviously for the "mixed effect". But the effect of alkaline earth ions aggravated phase separation of glass is more severe than that of alkali ions, because the field intensity of alkaline earth ions is larger than that of alkali ions.
     Finally, on the basis of the effect of chemical component on the structure and properties, designed four borosilicate float glass component with different thermal expansion, not easy to be of phase separation and crystallization, and basically satisfied with float technics.
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