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八钢高炉无钟炉顶装料制度的研究
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摘要
本文以八钢高炉炼铁实践为依据,系统研究和分析了八钢的2号和3号高炉炉顶设备装料制度对高炉冶炼的影响。认为高炉操作制度是当前高炉炼铁的主要技术之一,也是影响高炉的主要技术经济指标—焦比的重要因素,在原燃料和装备水平一定的条件下,合理的操作制度对高炉的技术经济指标起着决定性的作用。
     通过系统回顾国内外高炉冶炼技术的发展和对高炉冶炼无钟炉顶操作制度的分析研究,结合八钢高炉的生产状况并以大量生产数据为依据,对八钢高炉各时期的操作制度进行了对比分析研究,根据工业生产数据及炉顶布料试验的分析研究得知,在八钢高炉的技术装备和原燃料条件下,提出了八钢高炉目前较为合适的各项操作制度,以分装多环布料为基本的上部调剂模式,在保证全开风口工作的前提下,采取较高的鼓风动能与喷煤及富氧等技术相结合。以确保规则的高炉工作炉型和良好的炉缸工作状况。高炉操作只要保证“上稳下活”,多环布料便能发挥出其应有的效果。大批重分装为基础的多环布料的上下部调剂措施用于实际生产之后,炉缸工作日趋均匀、上部气流分布逐步稳定,高炉实现了长期稳定顺行的目标,促进了高炉的增产降焦工作,使八钢的高炉操作水平取得了历史性的突破。高炉焦比降至400kg/t,高炉煤比达136.6kg/t,取得了显著的经济效益。
     理论分析和生产实践表明,在目前八钢冶炼条件下,3号高炉(380m~3)最佳批重为15吨,装料顺序为3P↓3K↓;2号高炉(380m~3)最佳批重为15吨,装料顺序为3P~(34)↓3K~(34)↓+3P~(34)↓3K~(29)↓。
Based on the practice of iron-making in Bayi Iron & Steel Group Co., the influences of top charging system of 2#BF and 3#BF on blast furnace iron-making were studied. Top charging system of BF during iron making process is one of the key projects in the current iron and steel making industry. Top charging system in the BF is one of the most important parameters which represents the technical and economical index lever as well as relate to the sustainable development of the BF for iron making, under conditions of the raw materials and equip certain level, the economic index sign of technique towards BF of the reasonable operation system and technique rising the function of the decision.
    This thesis deals with by studying general development situation of top charging system of blast-furnace process at home and abroad, considering producing situation of blast-furnace in Bayi, based on a large amount of detailed and accurate production data, comparative and analytic industry of charging system and method in each blast-furnace phase in Bayi are described in the article. According to the experimental data results and the testing analysis of burden distribution in the furnace roof, it was found that certain rules should be followed under the conditions of Bayi blast furnace equipments and raw materials, appropriate charging system of each item suited for Bayi blast-furnace current situation have been searched out, Adjustment measures of the upper part should comply with the basic principle of separate and multi-ring burden distribution, Under the precondition of fully-open tuyere, high blast kinetic energy should be employed and combined with the techniques, such as: coal injection and rich oxygen. So that regular blast furnace shape and steady work condition of furnace hearth could be obtained. In the process of furnace operating, as long as the guideline "upper part being steady and lower part being active" be ensured, the effect of multi-ring burden distribution would go into effect. After the proposed measures being put into practice, such as: multi-ring burden distribution on the basis of separate charge and heavy burden, working condition of furnace hearth became uniform gradually and the gas-flow distribution of the upper furnace went into stable state. The long-term stable and in regular sequence furnace goal was achieved. The realization of increasing production and reducing coke was accelerated. The operating level of Bayi blast furnace reached the highlight level in the history, coke ratio fell to 400kg/t.Fe, coal ratio reached to 136.6kg/t.Fe. Remarkable economic benefits were obtained.
    From the theoretical analysis and the practice, under present metallurgical condition of Bayi, some directions should be followed. For 3# BF(380m3), the optimized burden weight is 15ton, charging order is 3P I 3K I ; For 2# BF(380m3), the optimized burden weight is 15ton, charging order is 3P34 3K34 +3P34 3K29 .
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