砂岩弹塑性及蠕变特性的水物理化学作用效应试验与本构研究
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摘要
地下水是地质环境中的活跃因素,它是一种复杂的水化学溶液,具有不同离子组分、浓度及酸碱度,即使是纯水,它与岩土介质的相互作用,仅从有效应力原理考虑其力学效应也是不够的,尚需考虑其复杂的水-岩物理化学作用效应。已有的研究初步表明,水对岩石的弹塑性与流变特性存在十分明显的影响。因此,岩体工程的稳定性不单纯取决于应力作用下岩体本身的力学行为,同时也有赖于应力与水物理化学环境的共同作用效应,就此问题开展深入细致和定量化的研究,对于存在水物理化学作用效应的岩体工程稳定性、核废料储存库安全、滑坡孕育以及环境工程中的污染物处置等问题均具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。
本论文在完成一系列砂岩微细观结构损伤、弹塑性和蠕变特性的水物理化学作用效应等试验的基础上,分析了砂岩的水物理化学损伤演化特征与机理,研究了水物理化学作用对砂岩弹塑性与蠕变特性的影响效应与规律,建立了描述砂岩水物理化学损伤的损伤变量表达式,提出了能够描述水物理化学作用对砂岩弹塑性变形特性影响的改进型Duncan模型以及考虑水溶液离子浓度的H-P-C Burgers蠕变模型,同时实现了基于该蠕变模型对砂岩蠕变行为的数值模拟。论文的主要内容如下:
(1)通过开展不同水环境作用下砂岩试件矿物成分与含量、空隙度、水溶液离子浓度、pH值等物性指标的系列测试,并对不同水环境作用后的砂岩试件进行显微结构分析与CT检测,从不同角度和层次揭示了水物理化学作用下砂岩的微细观损伤特征与机理,进而提出并验证了以次生空隙率变化描述砂岩水物理化学损伤的损伤变量表达式。
(2)完成了干燥、饱水及不同水环境作用后砂岩单轴压缩试验的系列研究,获得了水物理化学作用对砂岩单轴抗压强度、变形性能及峰后变形与强度特性的影响效应,在分析水溶液离子浓度和pH值对砂岩强度与变形特性影响规律的基础上,提出了改进的Duncan模型以描述水物理化学作用下砂岩的弹性变形行为。
(3)完成了干燥、饱水及不同水环境作用后砂岩单轴压缩蠕变试验的系列研究,获得了水物理化学作用对砂岩蠕变特性的影响效应与规律,研究表明:不同水溶液离子浓度和pH值对砂岩的蠕变特性存在较明显的影响效应,且水溶液离子浓度比酸碱度对砂岩蠕变变形的影响更显著;在离子浓度相同情况下,水溶液酸碱度越大,对砂岩蠕变变形的影响越明显;在酸碱度相同情况下,水溶液离子浓度越大,对砂岩蠕变变形的影响越明显。
(4)通过比较干燥、纯水和不同水环境作用后砂岩蠕变变形的差异,分离出水物理化学作用对砂岩蠕变变形的贡献,获得了砂岩蠕变变形、水溶液离子浓度和pH值及其与时间的相关关系,在此基础上,考虑水溶液离子浓度对砂岩蠕变特性的影响效应,研究并确定了砂岩蠕变模型的基本结构,进而采用遗传算法对模型参数进行辨识,提出了考虑水溶液离子浓度作用效应的砂岩H-P-C Burgers蠕变模型。
(5)将所提出的H-P-C Burgers模型嵌入Abaqus软件的蠕变模型库,实现了基于该蠕变模型对砂岩蠕变行为的数值模拟。
Underground water is an active component in geological environment. It is a complex chemical solution with kinds of ions, different concentrations and pH values. Even for pure water, its interactions with geo-materials are not only through the concept of effective stress, but also the complicated Hydro-Physico-Chemical (H-P-C) effect. The instability of rock mass is frequently induced by the time-dependent deformations of intact rock and rock joints; meanwhile, underground water is the most active carrier in most of engineering geological disasters. Previous studies have shown that water plays an important role in mechanical behavior of rocks. Therefore, it is important to assess the role of H-P-C effect in microscopic damage mechanism, conventional mechanical behavior and creep characteristics for theory and engineering applications. In this thesis, microscopic investigations on H-P-C damage mechanism and conventional and creep uniaxial compression tests are performed. Based on the test results, the H-P-C damage mechanism is elaborated, and the creep behavior and modeling are discussed. The achievements and conclusions are summarized as follows:
1. A series of test and analysis on mineral constituent, porosity, ion concentration and pH values of solution subject to different solutions are conducted. The time-dependent variations of corresponding physical indices are obtained. Microscopy observation and CT scanning are performed on the sandstones after 180 days' water-circulating with different solutions. The evolution characteristics microstructures in sandstones subject to H-P-C effect are discussed. The mechanism of H-P-C damage is investigated from different perspectives and in different scales. An expression of H-P-C damage variable is proposed for sandstone. The predicted damage values from the expression are compared with those obtained from tests.
2. Uniaxial compression tests on dry, water-saturated, and chemical solution-saturated sandstones are conducted. The influences of H-P-C effect on strength, deformation, and post-peak behavior are investigated. The effects of ion concentration and pH value on the strength and deformation are assessed. The modified Duncan model is used to describe the mechanical of sandstones with H-P-C effects.
3. Uniaxial compression creep tests on dry, water-saturated, and chemical solution-saturated sandstones are conducted. The influence of H-P-C effect on creep behavior is investigated. It is shown that the influences of ion concentration and pH value are significant to creep behavior. The influence of ion concentration is more significant that that of pH value. The creep strain is greater with higher level of acidity or basicity under the same ion concentration, while the creep strain is greater with higher ion concentration under the same pH value.
4. By comparing the creep strains of dry, water-saturated, and chemical solution-saturated samples, the component of creep strain due to H-P-C effect is obtained. The dependency of creep strain on H-P-C effect and loading time is investigated; then, the influence of ion concentration on the creep behavior of sandstone is discussed. Based on the classic Burgers creep model, a new creep model, namely, H-P-C Burgers model, for sandstone subject to H-P-C effect is proposed. Genetic algorithm is applied in parameter determination. With the consideration of influence of ion concentration, the model has the ability to reflect the influence of ground water on the rock facilities.
5. The H-P-C Burgers model is coded into Abaqus subroutine, and is applied to reproduce the creep behavior in creep tests, which provides feasibility to apply the model into engineering applications.
本论文在完成一系列砂岩微细观结构损伤、弹塑性和蠕变特性的水物理化学作用效应等试验的基础上,分析了砂岩的水物理化学损伤演化特征与机理,研究了水物理化学作用对砂岩弹塑性与蠕变特性的影响效应与规律,建立了描述砂岩水物理化学损伤的损伤变量表达式,提出了能够描述水物理化学作用对砂岩弹塑性变形特性影响的改进型Duncan模型以及考虑水溶液离子浓度的H-P-C Burgers蠕变模型,同时实现了基于该蠕变模型对砂岩蠕变行为的数值模拟。论文的主要内容如下:
(1)通过开展不同水环境作用下砂岩试件矿物成分与含量、空隙度、水溶液离子浓度、pH值等物性指标的系列测试,并对不同水环境作用后的砂岩试件进行显微结构分析与CT检测,从不同角度和层次揭示了水物理化学作用下砂岩的微细观损伤特征与机理,进而提出并验证了以次生空隙率变化描述砂岩水物理化学损伤的损伤变量表达式。
(2)完成了干燥、饱水及不同水环境作用后砂岩单轴压缩试验的系列研究,获得了水物理化学作用对砂岩单轴抗压强度、变形性能及峰后变形与强度特性的影响效应,在分析水溶液离子浓度和pH值对砂岩强度与变形特性影响规律的基础上,提出了改进的Duncan模型以描述水物理化学作用下砂岩的弹性变形行为。
(3)完成了干燥、饱水及不同水环境作用后砂岩单轴压缩蠕变试验的系列研究,获得了水物理化学作用对砂岩蠕变特性的影响效应与规律,研究表明:不同水溶液离子浓度和pH值对砂岩的蠕变特性存在较明显的影响效应,且水溶液离子浓度比酸碱度对砂岩蠕变变形的影响更显著;在离子浓度相同情况下,水溶液酸碱度越大,对砂岩蠕变变形的影响越明显;在酸碱度相同情况下,水溶液离子浓度越大,对砂岩蠕变变形的影响越明显。
(4)通过比较干燥、纯水和不同水环境作用后砂岩蠕变变形的差异,分离出水物理化学作用对砂岩蠕变变形的贡献,获得了砂岩蠕变变形、水溶液离子浓度和pH值及其与时间的相关关系,在此基础上,考虑水溶液离子浓度对砂岩蠕变特性的影响效应,研究并确定了砂岩蠕变模型的基本结构,进而采用遗传算法对模型参数进行辨识,提出了考虑水溶液离子浓度作用效应的砂岩H-P-C Burgers蠕变模型。
(5)将所提出的H-P-C Burgers模型嵌入Abaqus软件的蠕变模型库,实现了基于该蠕变模型对砂岩蠕变行为的数值模拟。
Underground water is an active component in geological environment. It is a complex chemical solution with kinds of ions, different concentrations and pH values. Even for pure water, its interactions with geo-materials are not only through the concept of effective stress, but also the complicated Hydro-Physico-Chemical (H-P-C) effect. The instability of rock mass is frequently induced by the time-dependent deformations of intact rock and rock joints; meanwhile, underground water is the most active carrier in most of engineering geological disasters. Previous studies have shown that water plays an important role in mechanical behavior of rocks. Therefore, it is important to assess the role of H-P-C effect in microscopic damage mechanism, conventional mechanical behavior and creep characteristics for theory and engineering applications. In this thesis, microscopic investigations on H-P-C damage mechanism and conventional and creep uniaxial compression tests are performed. Based on the test results, the H-P-C damage mechanism is elaborated, and the creep behavior and modeling are discussed. The achievements and conclusions are summarized as follows:
1. A series of test and analysis on mineral constituent, porosity, ion concentration and pH values of solution subject to different solutions are conducted. The time-dependent variations of corresponding physical indices are obtained. Microscopy observation and CT scanning are performed on the sandstones after 180 days' water-circulating with different solutions. The evolution characteristics microstructures in sandstones subject to H-P-C effect are discussed. The mechanism of H-P-C damage is investigated from different perspectives and in different scales. An expression of H-P-C damage variable is proposed for sandstone. The predicted damage values from the expression are compared with those obtained from tests.
2. Uniaxial compression tests on dry, water-saturated, and chemical solution-saturated sandstones are conducted. The influences of H-P-C effect on strength, deformation, and post-peak behavior are investigated. The effects of ion concentration and pH value on the strength and deformation are assessed. The modified Duncan model is used to describe the mechanical of sandstones with H-P-C effects.
3. Uniaxial compression creep tests on dry, water-saturated, and chemical solution-saturated sandstones are conducted. The influence of H-P-C effect on creep behavior is investigated. It is shown that the influences of ion concentration and pH value are significant to creep behavior. The influence of ion concentration is more significant that that of pH value. The creep strain is greater with higher level of acidity or basicity under the same ion concentration, while the creep strain is greater with higher ion concentration under the same pH value.
4. By comparing the creep strains of dry, water-saturated, and chemical solution-saturated samples, the component of creep strain due to H-P-C effect is obtained. The dependency of creep strain on H-P-C effect and loading time is investigated; then, the influence of ion concentration on the creep behavior of sandstone is discussed. Based on the classic Burgers creep model, a new creep model, namely, H-P-C Burgers model, for sandstone subject to H-P-C effect is proposed. Genetic algorithm is applied in parameter determination. With the consideration of influence of ion concentration, the model has the ability to reflect the influence of ground water on the rock facilities.
5. The H-P-C Burgers model is coded into Abaqus subroutine, and is applied to reproduce the creep behavior in creep tests, which provides feasibility to apply the model into engineering applications.
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