高速FPGA在远程测距中的应用
摘要
远程激光测距是国防科技研究中的重要课题之一，论文的主要工作是远程测距机的整机控制和信息处理系统的研究。文章系统地研究了激光测距的发展、分类及影响测距精度的因素，并找出影响脉冲激光远程测距机测距精度的主要因素；结合FPGA技术的特点，提出了提高测距精度的方法—分级延时锁存技术，完成了该系统的软硬件设计，给出了系统的性能及指标；利用FPGA芯片实现了激光测距机的整机控制和信息处理系统，解决了传统激光测距机控制系统和信息处理系统相分离的缺点。所设计的测距机的整机控制和信息处理系统成功地进行外场实验，得到了较好的测试结果。
Long-distance laser ranging is one important subject to be studied, and one important concept of this project is the laser ranging finder's control system and information system. In this paper, a system with FPGA chip is introduced to meet this need. This system solved the traditional laser ranging finder's control system apart from the information system. Firstly, It was to introduced the laser ranging find technique development, classification and factors that be influences the measure accuracy, then, analyzes every kind of factor that affect the pulse laser ranging precision, and educed the main factor influence the ranging precision. Combining together the FPGA technique characteristics, putting forward an exaltation measure method this paper adopted. And then, detailed introduce programmable logic Device development, design techniques, point introducing FPGA design steps, method and hardware description Language development. Finally, describe the hardware and software design for the system, capability a
nd index signs of the system.This text design a laser ranging finder's whole machine control system and information system. This system successful proceeds the outfield experiments, getting the good test the result.
Long-distance laser ranging is one important subject to be studied, and one important concept of this project is the laser ranging finder's control system and information system. In this paper, a system with FPGA chip is introduced to meet this need. This system solved the traditional laser ranging finder's control system apart from the information system. Firstly, It was to introduced the laser ranging find technique development, classification and factors that be influences the measure accuracy, then, analyzes every kind of factor that affect the pulse laser ranging precision, and educed the main factor influence the ranging precision. Combining together the FPGA technique characteristics, putting forward an exaltation measure method this paper adopted. And then, detailed introduce programmable logic Device development, design techniques, point introducing FPGA design steps, method and hardware description Language development. Finally, describe the hardware and software design for the system, capability a
nd index signs of the system.This text design a laser ranging finder's whole machine control system and information system. This system successful proceeds the outfield experiments, getting the good test the result.
引文
1 谭宇．军用激光测距机的研制、装备近况及发展趋势．光电子技术与信息．1991(3)：8～16
2 可编程逻辑器件的发展历程及概述．http://www.pld.com.cn
3 金国藩，李景镇．激光测量学．北京：科学出版社1998
4 王永仲．现代军用光学技术．2003：北京科学出版社284～296
5 赵铭权，赵铭军．相位激光测距技术及其应用．电光系统．2001(3)：31～32，26
6 彭仕玉，张国云．提高相位激光测距精确度的研究．岳阳师范学院学报(自然科学版)．2002(2)：70～72
7 陈千颂，扬成伟，潘志文，霍玉晶．激光飞行时间测距关键技术进展．激光与红外．2002(1)：7～10
8 朱尚明，葛运建．激光三角法测距传感器的设计与实现．工业仪表与自动化装置．1998(2)：56～58
9 戴炳明，张雏，李东石．脉冲激光测距机的测距误差分析．激光技术．1999(1)：50～52
10 周天文，黄进明．我国脉冲激光测距技术的发展．激光集，12(1)，2002：17～20
11 胡以华，魏庆农，刘建国，章立民．发射采用模数转换技术提高脉冲激光测距的测时精度．激光技术．1997(3)：189～192
12 Deni Bonnier and Vincent Larochelle. A range-gated active imaging system for search and resue, and surveillance operations [J]. Proc. SPIE, 1996(2744): 134～145
13 W A Kielek. Random error in timing using weak light pulse, photomultiplier, and threshold crossing detection[J]. IEEE Trans. Inst. And Meas., 1998 (2) 543～550
14 卢泽民．时间间隔测量系统用于用于激光测距及其误差浅析[J]．红外与激光工程．2001(1)：37～39
15 Kostanmovaara J, Myllyla R. Time-to digital converter with an analog interpolation circuit [J]. Rev Sci Instr, 1986: 2880～2885
16 K Maatta, J Kostamovaara. A high-precision time-to digital converter for pulsed time-to-flight laser radar applications [J]. IEEE Trans. Instr. And Meas. 1998(2): 521～536
17 P Palojarvi, T Ruotsalainen, J Kostmovaara. A new approach to avoid walk
error in pulsed laser rangefinding [J]. IEEE Intem. Sympos. On Circu. And Systems Pro. 1999: Ⅰ-258～Ⅰ-261
18 郝建举，曾峦．激光多周期测距方法．红外与激光工程．2002(2)：109～112
19 褚振勇，翁木云．FPGA设计及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社2002
20 任晓东，文博．CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南．北京：电子工业出版2003
21 Altera Corporation. MAX7000A Family Data Sheet. http://www.altera.com
22 Altera Corporation. Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet. http://www.altera.com
23 Altera Corporation. Quartus. Ⅱ handbook, http://www.altera.com
24 谢军．硬件描述语言HDL的现状与发展．http//www.pld.com.cn
25 严洁．激光测距终端信号处理的新进展．光电技术．2001(2)：37～39，42
26 T Araki. Optical distance meter using a short pulse width laser diode and fast avalanche phothdiode [J]. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1995(1): 43～47
27 唐圣彪，屠大维，程胜．激光同步扫描三角测距成像系统设计．光电子·激光2002(1)：56～58
28 Marc Rioux. Laser range finder based on synchronized scanners[J]. Appl. Opti, 1984(11): 3837～3844
29 钟声远，程平．双波长激光测距系统及精度研究[J]．激光与红外，1992(6)：53～56
30 霍玉晶，陈千送，潘志文．脉沖激光雷达的时间间隔量综述[J]．激光与红外，2001(3)：136～139
31 T Araki. Optical distance meter using a short pulse width laser diode and a fast avalanche photodiode[J]. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1995 (1): 43～47
32 G Mourat, N Servagent, T Bosch. Distance measurement using the self-mixing effect in a three-electrode distributed bragg reflector laser diode[J]. Opt. Eng., 2000, (3): 738～743
33 K Seta, T O'ishi. Distance meter utilizing the intermode beat of a He-Ne laser[J]. App. Opt., 1990 (3): 354～359
34 中国矿业学院矿山测量教研室编．激光测距仪．北京：煤炭工业出版社 1980
35 K Seta, T Oh'ishi. Distance neasurement using a pulse train emitted from a laser diode[J]. J.App.Phy., 1987(10): L 1690～L 1692
36 M Lescure, T Bosch, A Dziadowiec. An electro-optical frequency doubling method to remove electrical noise in laser rangefinders[J]. IEEE Trans. on
Instru. and Meas., 1991, IM-40(60): 1046～1047
37 I Fujima, S Iwasaki, K Seta. High-resolution distance meterusing optical intensity modulation at 28 GHz[J]. Meas. Sci. Technol., 1998(9): 1049～1052
38 孙晓明，马军山，张锡富．半导体激光器自混合干涉绝对测距理论研究，仪器仪表学报，1998(3)：270～278
39 K Nakamura, T Hara, M Yoshida, et al. Optical frequency domain ranging by a frequency-shifted feedback laser[J]. IEEE J. of Quantu.Elec., 2000(3): 305～316
40 S F Collins, M M Murphy, K T V Grattan, et al. A simple laser diode ranging scheme using an intensity modulated FMCW approach[J]. Meas. and Tech., 1993(4): 1437～1439
41 祝杰，戴立铭，江潼君．激光三角法测量位移．仪表技术与传感器．1992(1)：18～20，5
42 谭宇．频率合成技术在激光测距仪中的应用．电子技术．1989(1)：12～14，38
2 可编程逻辑器件的发展历程及概述．http://www.pld.com.cn
3 金国藩，李景镇．激光测量学．北京：科学出版社1998
4 王永仲．现代军用光学技术．2003：北京科学出版社284～296
5 赵铭权，赵铭军．相位激光测距技术及其应用．电光系统．2001(3)：31～32，26
6 彭仕玉，张国云．提高相位激光测距精确度的研究．岳阳师范学院学报(自然科学版)．2002(2)：70～72
7 陈千颂，扬成伟，潘志文，霍玉晶．激光飞行时间测距关键技术进展．激光与红外．2002(1)：7～10
8 朱尚明，葛运建．激光三角法测距传感器的设计与实现．工业仪表与自动化装置．1998(2)：56～58
9 戴炳明，张雏，李东石．脉冲激光测距机的测距误差分析．激光技术．1999(1)：50～52
10 周天文，黄进明．我国脉冲激光测距技术的发展．激光集，12(1)，2002：17～20
11 胡以华，魏庆农，刘建国，章立民．发射采用模数转换技术提高脉冲激光测距的测时精度．激光技术．1997(3)：189～192
12 Deni Bonnier and Vincent Larochelle. A range-gated active imaging system for search and resue, and surveillance operations [J]. Proc. SPIE, 1996(2744): 134～145
13 W A Kielek. Random error in timing using weak light pulse, photomultiplier, and threshold crossing detection[J]. IEEE Trans. Inst. And Meas., 1998 (2) 543～550
14 卢泽民．时间间隔测量系统用于用于激光测距及其误差浅析[J]．红外与激光工程．2001(1)：37～39
15 Kostanmovaara J, Myllyla R. Time-to digital converter with an analog interpolation circuit [J]. Rev Sci Instr, 1986: 2880～2885
16 K Maatta, J Kostamovaara. A high-precision time-to digital converter for pulsed time-to-flight laser radar applications [J]. IEEE Trans. Instr. And Meas. 1998(2): 521～536
17 P Palojarvi, T Ruotsalainen, J Kostmovaara. A new approach to avoid walk
error in pulsed laser rangefinding [J]. IEEE Intem. Sympos. On Circu. And Systems Pro. 1999: Ⅰ-258～Ⅰ-261
18 郝建举，曾峦．激光多周期测距方法．红外与激光工程．2002(2)：109～112
19 褚振勇，翁木云．FPGA设计及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社2002
20 任晓东，文博．CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南．北京：电子工业出版2003
21 Altera Corporation. MAX7000A Family Data Sheet. http://www.altera.com
22 Altera Corporation. Cyclone FPGA Family Data Sheet. http://www.altera.com
23 Altera Corporation. Quartus. Ⅱ handbook, http://www.altera.com
24 谢军．硬件描述语言HDL的现状与发展．http//www.pld.com.cn
25 严洁．激光测距终端信号处理的新进展．光电技术．2001(2)：37～39，42
26 T Araki. Optical distance meter using a short pulse width laser diode and fast avalanche phothdiode [J]. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1995(1): 43～47
27 唐圣彪，屠大维，程胜．激光同步扫描三角测距成像系统设计．光电子·激光2002(1)：56～58
28 Marc Rioux. Laser range finder based on synchronized scanners[J]. Appl. Opti, 1984(11): 3837～3844
29 钟声远，程平．双波长激光测距系统及精度研究[J]．激光与红外，1992(6)：53～56
30 霍玉晶，陈千送，潘志文．脉沖激光雷达的时间间隔量综述[J]．激光与红外，2001(3)：136～139
31 T Araki. Optical distance meter using a short pulse width laser diode and a fast avalanche photodiode[J]. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1995 (1): 43～47
32 G Mourat, N Servagent, T Bosch. Distance measurement using the self-mixing effect in a three-electrode distributed bragg reflector laser diode[J]. Opt. Eng., 2000, (3): 738～743
33 K Seta, T O'ishi. Distance meter utilizing the intermode beat of a He-Ne laser[J]. App. Opt., 1990 (3): 354～359
34 中国矿业学院矿山测量教研室编．激光测距仪．北京：煤炭工业出版社 1980
35 K Seta, T Oh'ishi. Distance neasurement using a pulse train emitted from a laser diode[J]. J.App.Phy., 1987(10): L 1690～L 1692
36 M Lescure, T Bosch, A Dziadowiec. An electro-optical frequency doubling method to remove electrical noise in laser rangefinders[J]. IEEE Trans. on
Instru. and Meas., 1991, IM-40(60): 1046～1047
37 I Fujima, S Iwasaki, K Seta. High-resolution distance meterusing optical intensity modulation at 28 GHz[J]. Meas. Sci. Technol., 1998(9): 1049～1052
38 孙晓明，马军山，张锡富．半导体激光器自混合干涉绝对测距理论研究，仪器仪表学报，1998(3)：270～278
39 K Nakamura, T Hara, M Yoshida, et al. Optical frequency domain ranging by a frequency-shifted feedback laser[J]. IEEE J. of Quantu.Elec., 2000(3): 305～316
40 S F Collins, M M Murphy, K T V Grattan, et al. A simple laser diode ranging scheme using an intensity modulated FMCW approach[J]. Meas. and Tech., 1993(4): 1437～1439
41 祝杰，戴立铭，江潼君．激光三角法测量位移．仪表技术与传感器．1992(1)：18～20，5
42 谭宇．频率合成技术在激光测距仪中的应用．电子技术．1989(1)：12～14，38
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