基于光纤光栅技术的沥青路面车辙预估方法研究
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摘要
沥青混合料的永久变形(车辙)是柔性路面体系最重要的几种破坏类型之一。车辙直接影响沥青路面的使用性能和舒适性,对汽车行驶的安全性造成危害,而且车辙深度不断积累会造成路面的严重病害。因此合理地预估车辙在我国现阶段的路面设计和管理中是十分必要的。本文应用非线性粘弹流变模型理论,结合光纤光栅实测信息,研究在实际车辆荷载作用下的沥青路面永久变形的发展规律和车辙预估的方法,主要的工作包括以下几点:
首先,从粘弹力学和模型理论的基本概念入手,介绍了粘弹流变学的一些基本元件和组合模型。通过对沥青混合料应变曲线变形特征的分析,明确了其蠕变破坏曲线中需包含的衰减蠕变、等速蠕变和加速蠕变三个典型阶段,并有针对性地利用可用于非线性分析的变截面粘壶元件,建立了适用于描述沥青混合料非线性变形特征的五参数粘弹模型。
其次,针对提出的非线性粘弹模型,从试验分析出发进一步对其功能特性进行分析。通过室内重复加载蠕变试验获取用于沥青路面车辙分析和计算的相关参数,继而进行了模型变形曲线的特性分析和流动性能分析,对模型曲线的阶段蠕变规律和流动数指标分别进行了计算和验证,进一步对动态粘弹参数进行了拟合计算和分析,并提出了反映沥青混合料加速变形能力的加速指标η_N。
再次,针对光纤光栅传感器路用过程中存在的传感器封装材料与沥青混合料难以协同变形、传感器埋设的成活率低和荷载的作用位置识别等问题,通过采用试验标定、工艺改进和模块设计等方法,使光纤光栅传感器能适用于道路工程施工和运营过程中的各种恶劣工况,并经过一系列室内试验和野外试验路埋设和监测的验证,说明光纤光栅传感器有着较为可靠的路用性能。
最后,将非线性粘弹模型理论和光纤光栅实测技术进行了系统的融合,集成了光纤光栅传感器实测的应变、加载时间和温度等路面响应信息和待测沥青路面的结构、气候和交通量等环境信息建立了基于光纤光栅实测信息的沥青路面车辙预估方法和计算流程,并依托ALF加速加载试验进行了沥青路面车辙预估的试验修正和计算,预估的结果与ALF加速加载试验的结果基本一致,这验证了基于光纤光栅实测信息的沥青路面车辙预估方法的正确性。
本文在沥青路面实测分析应用技术和光纤光栅传感器路用技术方面所做的一系列工作,将有助于推广光纤光栅实测技术在道路工程,特别是道路健康监测和分析系统中的应用,促进工程研究领域内研究方法和工具的更新,以对沥青路面的车辙研究理论和分析技术提供支持和帮助。
Permanent deformation (rutting) of HMA is one of the major structural failures of flexible pavements. Significant rutting may influence the functional performance and comfort of asphalt pavements, and endanger the security of running cars. The increased rutting also causes severe diseases of the pavement structure. So predicting the potential rutting level practically and reasonably is important in the design and management of the asphalt pavement. According to non-linear viscoelasticity rheology theory and monitoring informations from Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, a calculation method of rutting prediction in asphalt pavement using Fiber Bragg grating sensing technology is introduced in this paper. The content of paper mainly contain following aspects:
Firstly, base on the general concept of viscoelastic mechanics and model theory, some basic elements and models in viscoelasticity rheology theory is presented. By the analysis of creep curve's character in asphalt mixture, make sure a typical deformation curve should consist of three stages, including decaying creep, stable creep and accelerated creep. Ulteriorly, a non-linear element which acutally is a cross-section viscous element is brought forward to build a 5-element viscoelasticity model, which is applicable for describing deformation's character of asphalt mixture.
Secondly, in response to the non-linear 5-element viscoelastic model raised, a series of researches are carried out based on test results to further analysis of their functional properties. Through unxial repeated loading creep test, viscoelastic parameters which would be used for asphalt pavement rutting's analysis and calculation are obtained and analysed, and 5-element model's creep deformation character and flow performance are computed and validated, as a evaluate indexη_Nis brought forward to distinguish the differences of asphalt mixtures' deformation characteristic.
Thirdly, aiming at some FBG sensors' practical problems which would met frequently in road engineering's application, inluding poor coordinated working, low livability and loading position, some methods including calibration test, process improvement and modular design are attempted to make FBG sensors suit for various diagusting condition in the process of road building and management. And a series of indoor test and field monitoring' results testify that the application of FBG sensor in road engineering has excellently reliable performance.
Finally, non-linear viscoelasticity model theory and monitoring technology of FBG sensors are integrate into a systemic technique, which captures the effect parameters about peak strain, temperature, load time form FBG sensors and pavement strucure, weather, traffic volume from othor way. All these informations will contribute to a calculation and analysis method of rutting prediction in asphalt pavement. In the end, accelerated loading facility (ALF) is used to validate the effect of calculation results of this rutting prediction method. The final results show that it is completely feasible to predict and calculate the rutting deformation in asphalt pavement using Fiber Bragg grating sensing technology.
In this paper, some research about monitoring and analyzing process of asphalt pavement and FBG application technology, will do good for promoting the development of FBG technology in road engineering, accelerate scientific research methods and tools updating in engineering fields, and supply sufficient data and technical supports for rutting theoretical investigation and analysis of asphalt pavement.
首先,从粘弹力学和模型理论的基本概念入手,介绍了粘弹流变学的一些基本元件和组合模型。通过对沥青混合料应变曲线变形特征的分析,明确了其蠕变破坏曲线中需包含的衰减蠕变、等速蠕变和加速蠕变三个典型阶段,并有针对性地利用可用于非线性分析的变截面粘壶元件,建立了适用于描述沥青混合料非线性变形特征的五参数粘弹模型。
其次,针对提出的非线性粘弹模型,从试验分析出发进一步对其功能特性进行分析。通过室内重复加载蠕变试验获取用于沥青路面车辙分析和计算的相关参数,继而进行了模型变形曲线的特性分析和流动性能分析,对模型曲线的阶段蠕变规律和流动数指标分别进行了计算和验证,进一步对动态粘弹参数进行了拟合计算和分析,并提出了反映沥青混合料加速变形能力的加速指标η_N。
再次,针对光纤光栅传感器路用过程中存在的传感器封装材料与沥青混合料难以协同变形、传感器埋设的成活率低和荷载的作用位置识别等问题,通过采用试验标定、工艺改进和模块设计等方法,使光纤光栅传感器能适用于道路工程施工和运营过程中的各种恶劣工况,并经过一系列室内试验和野外试验路埋设和监测的验证,说明光纤光栅传感器有着较为可靠的路用性能。
最后,将非线性粘弹模型理论和光纤光栅实测技术进行了系统的融合,集成了光纤光栅传感器实测的应变、加载时间和温度等路面响应信息和待测沥青路面的结构、气候和交通量等环境信息建立了基于光纤光栅实测信息的沥青路面车辙预估方法和计算流程,并依托ALF加速加载试验进行了沥青路面车辙预估的试验修正和计算,预估的结果与ALF加速加载试验的结果基本一致,这验证了基于光纤光栅实测信息的沥青路面车辙预估方法的正确性。
本文在沥青路面实测分析应用技术和光纤光栅传感器路用技术方面所做的一系列工作,将有助于推广光纤光栅实测技术在道路工程,特别是道路健康监测和分析系统中的应用,促进工程研究领域内研究方法和工具的更新,以对沥青路面的车辙研究理论和分析技术提供支持和帮助。
Permanent deformation (rutting) of HMA is one of the major structural failures of flexible pavements. Significant rutting may influence the functional performance and comfort of asphalt pavements, and endanger the security of running cars. The increased rutting also causes severe diseases of the pavement structure. So predicting the potential rutting level practically and reasonably is important in the design and management of the asphalt pavement. According to non-linear viscoelasticity rheology theory and monitoring informations from Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors, a calculation method of rutting prediction in asphalt pavement using Fiber Bragg grating sensing technology is introduced in this paper. The content of paper mainly contain following aspects:
Firstly, base on the general concept of viscoelastic mechanics and model theory, some basic elements and models in viscoelasticity rheology theory is presented. By the analysis of creep curve's character in asphalt mixture, make sure a typical deformation curve should consist of three stages, including decaying creep, stable creep and accelerated creep. Ulteriorly, a non-linear element which acutally is a cross-section viscous element is brought forward to build a 5-element viscoelasticity model, which is applicable for describing deformation's character of asphalt mixture.
Secondly, in response to the non-linear 5-element viscoelastic model raised, a series of researches are carried out based on test results to further analysis of their functional properties. Through unxial repeated loading creep test, viscoelastic parameters which would be used for asphalt pavement rutting's analysis and calculation are obtained and analysed, and 5-element model's creep deformation character and flow performance are computed and validated, as a evaluate indexη_Nis brought forward to distinguish the differences of asphalt mixtures' deformation characteristic.
Thirdly, aiming at some FBG sensors' practical problems which would met frequently in road engineering's application, inluding poor coordinated working, low livability and loading position, some methods including calibration test, process improvement and modular design are attempted to make FBG sensors suit for various diagusting condition in the process of road building and management. And a series of indoor test and field monitoring' results testify that the application of FBG sensor in road engineering has excellently reliable performance.
Finally, non-linear viscoelasticity model theory and monitoring technology of FBG sensors are integrate into a systemic technique, which captures the effect parameters about peak strain, temperature, load time form FBG sensors and pavement strucure, weather, traffic volume from othor way. All these informations will contribute to a calculation and analysis method of rutting prediction in asphalt pavement. In the end, accelerated loading facility (ALF) is used to validate the effect of calculation results of this rutting prediction method. The final results show that it is completely feasible to predict and calculate the rutting deformation in asphalt pavement using Fiber Bragg grating sensing technology.
In this paper, some research about monitoring and analyzing process of asphalt pavement and FBG application technology, will do good for promoting the development of FBG technology in road engineering, accelerate scientific research methods and tools updating in engineering fields, and supply sufficient data and technical supports for rutting theoretical investigation and analysis of asphalt pavement.
引文
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