隔爆兼本质安全型智能电磁起动器测控系统的研究
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摘要
电磁起动器是煤矿井下供电系统中的关键设备之一，它的工作可靠性直接影响煤矿的生产和供电系统的安全，因此开发研制高性能的电磁起动器测控系统，对提高矿井供电系统的可靠性、安全性、连续性，具有非常重要的现实意义。本文介绍一种新型隔爆兼本质安全型智能电磁起动器测控系统，它是在对井下异步电动机保护系统研究的基础上，同时为了适应现代矿井的要求而设计的。系统采用单片机控制技术，完成所控制电动机的控制功能，并对所控制电动机的电压、电流等信号进行检测、计算、判断和处理，实现短路、断相、过载、欠压、过压、过热、漏电闭锁等保护功能，并提供本质安全型输入、输出接口，能与煤矿井下监测监控系统联网运行。
论文首先分析了感应电动机的起动过程和不对称运行情况下的故障特征，从理论上为测控系统提供了设计依据。在此基础上提出了将相敏保护原理和负序保护原理应用于测控系统中，它不仅可以提高保护的灵敏度而且还可以扩大保护范围。根据煤矿安全规程规定设计了性能完善的本质安全型先导电路，起动前它能有效地防止因控制线接地造成自起动现象的发生，而且在运行中无论控制线发生短路、断线还是接地故障，它均能可靠跳闸，确保生产的安全，该先导电路的性能指标达到了国内领先水平。
根据矿井电网的实际情况，分析了所存在的干扰源及所产生干扰信号的基本特征。针对各种干扰信号，设计并采用了硬件结合软件的抗干扰措施，有效地提高了测控系统的工作可靠性和连续性。
本文所研制的智能型电动机保护系统样机性能通过了实验室模拟试验。短路保护既能躲过起动电流，又有较高的灵敏度；不平衡保护，能准确区分不对称短路和断相故障；其它保护功能的动作指标均达到了设计要求。试验证明，该测控系统性能稳定，动作可靠，具有广阔的应用前景。
Electric magnetic starters is a kind of important electrical equipments in underground distribution networks, which reliability directly effect the production of mine and the safety of power supply system, thereby it is of important realism signification to develop a high-powered measurement and control system of electric magnetic starters for improving the reliability, safety and continuity of the power supply systems. A new measurement and control system (MCS) of flameproof and intrinsically safety intelligent electric magnetic starters is introduced in this thesis. Based on the research of the protective systems for underground asynchronous motors, the measurement and control system has been designed in order to satisfy the demands of modern mines. The single-chip microcomputer control technology has been applied in the system to carry out monitoring and protective functions for the asynchronous motors controlled. Combined with suitable peripheral interface, disposition and flexible software, the MCS can
measure the current and voltage signals of the motors. Based on the measurements, the computation, judgment and decision are made to implement the phase sensitive short circuit, overload, supply over-voltage, supply under-voltage, over-thermal, leakage lock-out and loss of phase protective function. In addition, the MCS provides intrinsically safe input and output interface, which can be connected with the monitoring system for the underground power networks.
First of all, the starting process and failure characteristics of asynchronous motors under unbalanced operation condition are analyzed in the paper, which provides theoretical foundation for the design of the system. On the basis of these mentioned above, it has been proposed that the principle of phase-sensitive protection and negative sequence protection can be used in the system, which can not only improve the sensitivity of the protective system but also extend the protection range in underground distribution networks. According to the rule of Mine Safety Regulations, an intrinsically safe pilot circuit with perfect performance for underground motor intelligent protective systems is put forward, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of self-starting that is caused by the earthing of control lines before starting motors, at the same time, can reliably cut off the switches to ensure the safety of underground production under operation condition no matter what the faults of
short circuit, open circuit and earthing in the control circuits happened. It has been found that the performance and technical parameters of the system has come up to advanced world standards by literature search.
According to the practical instance of underground distribution networks, the basic characteristics of interference signals produced by interference sources existing in the networks are also analyzed in the paper. The anti-interference measures have been taken in accordance with the interference signals, which has effectively improved the reliability and continuity of the measurement and control system.
The measurement and control system designed in this thesis has been tested in laboratory. It has been verified by simulation tests that the symmetric short-circuit protection can not only avoid the starting current but also achieve higher sensibility; unbalance protection can distinguish unbalance short-circuit and loss of phase. The operation parameters of other protective functions has all reached the design requirements. It has been concluded that the measurement and control system is stable, reliable and is of great applied value in underground distribution networks.
论文首先分析了感应电动机的起动过程和不对称运行情况下的故障特征，从理论上为测控系统提供了设计依据。在此基础上提出了将相敏保护原理和负序保护原理应用于测控系统中，它不仅可以提高保护的灵敏度而且还可以扩大保护范围。根据煤矿安全规程规定设计了性能完善的本质安全型先导电路，起动前它能有效地防止因控制线接地造成自起动现象的发生，而且在运行中无论控制线发生短路、断线还是接地故障，它均能可靠跳闸，确保生产的安全，该先导电路的性能指标达到了国内领先水平。
根据矿井电网的实际情况，分析了所存在的干扰源及所产生干扰信号的基本特征。针对各种干扰信号，设计并采用了硬件结合软件的抗干扰措施，有效地提高了测控系统的工作可靠性和连续性。
本文所研制的智能型电动机保护系统样机性能通过了实验室模拟试验。短路保护既能躲过起动电流，又有较高的灵敏度；不平衡保护，能准确区分不对称短路和断相故障；其它保护功能的动作指标均达到了设计要求。试验证明，该测控系统性能稳定，动作可靠，具有广阔的应用前景。
Electric magnetic starters is a kind of important electrical equipments in underground distribution networks, which reliability directly effect the production of mine and the safety of power supply system, thereby it is of important realism signification to develop a high-powered measurement and control system of electric magnetic starters for improving the reliability, safety and continuity of the power supply systems. A new measurement and control system (MCS) of flameproof and intrinsically safety intelligent electric magnetic starters is introduced in this thesis. Based on the research of the protective systems for underground asynchronous motors, the measurement and control system has been designed in order to satisfy the demands of modern mines. The single-chip microcomputer control technology has been applied in the system to carry out monitoring and protective functions for the asynchronous motors controlled. Combined with suitable peripheral interface, disposition and flexible software, the MCS can
measure the current and voltage signals of the motors. Based on the measurements, the computation, judgment and decision are made to implement the phase sensitive short circuit, overload, supply over-voltage, supply under-voltage, over-thermal, leakage lock-out and loss of phase protective function. In addition, the MCS provides intrinsically safe input and output interface, which can be connected with the monitoring system for the underground power networks.
First of all, the starting process and failure characteristics of asynchronous motors under unbalanced operation condition are analyzed in the paper, which provides theoretical foundation for the design of the system. On the basis of these mentioned above, it has been proposed that the principle of phase-sensitive protection and negative sequence protection can be used in the system, which can not only improve the sensitivity of the protective system but also extend the protection range in underground distribution networks. According to the rule of Mine Safety Regulations, an intrinsically safe pilot circuit with perfect performance for underground motor intelligent protective systems is put forward, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of self-starting that is caused by the earthing of control lines before starting motors, at the same time, can reliably cut off the switches to ensure the safety of underground production under operation condition no matter what the faults of
short circuit, open circuit and earthing in the control circuits happened. It has been found that the performance and technical parameters of the system has come up to advanced world standards by literature search.
According to the practical instance of underground distribution networks, the basic characteristics of interference signals produced by interference sources existing in the networks are also analyzed in the paper. The anti-interference measures have been taken in accordance with the interference signals, which has effectively improved the reliability and continuity of the measurement and control system.
The measurement and control system designed in this thesis has been tested in laboratory. It has been verified by simulation tests that the symmetric short-circuit protection can not only avoid the starting current but also achieve higher sensibility; unbalance protection can distinguish unbalance short-circuit and loss of phase. The operation parameters of other protective functions has all reached the design requirements. It has been concluded that the measurement and control system is stable, reliable and is of great applied value in underground distribution networks.
引文
[1] 宋建成．单片机在千伏级隔爆型磁力起动器控制系统的应用．煤矿自动化，1995(2)：12-16
[2] 余进．从性能上检验剖析隔爆型电磁起动器的质量问题．矿业安全与环保，1999(3)：19-20
[3] 宋建成．ZDB系列单片机电动机综合保护器．煤矿自动化，1993(4)：21-24
[4] 高景德．交流电动机过渡历程及运行方式的分析．北京：科学出版社，1963
[5] 高景德，张麟征编著．电动机过渡过程的基本理论及分析方法．北京：科学出版社，1982
[6] 吴聚业．高压异步电动机不平衡运行及其保护方式的探讨．电力自动化设备，1983(1)：7-9
[7] 能源部制定．煤矿安全规程．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1992
[8] 聂文龙，刘思沛等．煤矿供电．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1988
[9] 胡天禄．矿井电网的漏电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1987
[10] A.N.Eliasen, high-inertia drive motors and their starting characteristics, IEEE Trans. on power Apparatus and system, Vol. PAS-99, No.4july/angnst 1980
[11] 宋建成，谢恒堃，王雁欣，李安平．基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究．电网技术，1999(2)：38-41
[12] 宋建成，石宗义等．单片机在矿用隔爆型真空馈电开关中的应用．煤炭科学技术，1995(1)：50-54
[13] 王琳，王新国．三相交流电相序的逻辑判别及其应用．电气开关，2000(1)：6-10
[14] 夏天伟，秦妙华，任继武，来常学．用于电动机过载保护的单片机保护系统研究．电气开关，2000(1)：13-17
[15] 刘荣玉编．矿用隔爆异步电动机(原理．检修与试验)．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1989
[16] S.E.Zocholl, motor analysis and thermal protection, IEEE Trans. on Power Delirery,Vol.5,No.3, July 1990
[17] Lacroix and d. Clegg, Microprocessor motor protection relay, in Proc. Fourth Int.
conf. Developments Dower Protection, Apr.11-13,1989
[18] 国家技术监督局，中国强制性国家标准汇编，电工卷 3．北京：中国标准出版社
[19] Ronald G. Harley, The effects of unbalanced networks and unbalanced faults on induction motor transient stability, IEEE trans, on Energy conversion, Vol.3, No.2, Jane 1988
[20] Paul B.COMMINGS, Protection of induction motors against unbalanced voltage operation, IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl.Vol. IA-21,No.4, May/Jane. 1985
[21] Anstin H. Bonnett, Cause and analysis of stator and rotor failure in three-phase squirrel-Cage induction motors, IEEE Trans. on Ind.Appl.,Vol.28,No.4,July/angnst 1992
[22] 邵富春编著．怎样保护电动机．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1984
[23] 祝生香编著．煤矿半导体继电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1985
[24] [苏]B．C．柯拉夫钦克等．安全火花电路．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1981
[25] 章良海等．安全火花原理及应用．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1984
[26] [英]J．R．贺尔著，郁继裳等译．本质安全型设备及电路．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1990
[27] 郝俊芳，李海英，宋建成．电动机控制系统本质安全型先导电路的试验研究．电工技术杂志，2001(9)：18-22
[28] 何立民编著．MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计(系统配置与接口技术)．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1994
[29] Norris Woodruff, Economical motor protection using Microcomputer technology, IEEE Trans. on Ind.Appl. Vol. IA-20, No.5, Sep./Oct, 1984
[30] Farag, Wael A.; Kamel, Mahmoud I. Microprocessor-based protection system for three-phase induction motors. Electr Mach Power Syst. v 27 p 453-464, 1999.
[31] 李力．微机型电动机保护的研究与实现．河海大学硕士学位论文，1994
[32] 彭冲．井下三相异步电动机软起动控制与综合保护系统的研究．太原理工大学硕士学位论文，1999
[33] 徐爱卿等编著．单片微型计算机应用和开发系统．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1992
[35] 龙可微．X25045芯片及其应用．电子技术应用，1999(9)：70-71
[36] 周航慈．单片机应用程序技术设计．北京：航空航天大学出版社，1992
[37] 潘新民，王燕芳编著．单片微型计算机实用系统设计．北京：人民邮电出版社，1991
[38] [苏]Г．Г基莫扬著，傅元义译．矿山电气设备继电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1983
[39] 赖昌干，张金程，邹有明编．矿山电工学．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1991
[40] 牛树仁，陈滋平编．煤矿固定机械及运输设备．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1991
[41] 能源部制定．煤矿安全规程．北京：煤炭工业出版社，2001
[2] 余进．从性能上检验剖析隔爆型电磁起动器的质量问题．矿业安全与环保，1999(3)：19-20
[3] 宋建成．ZDB系列单片机电动机综合保护器．煤矿自动化，1993(4)：21-24
[4] 高景德．交流电动机过渡历程及运行方式的分析．北京：科学出版社，1963
[5] 高景德，张麟征编著．电动机过渡过程的基本理论及分析方法．北京：科学出版社，1982
[6] 吴聚业．高压异步电动机不平衡运行及其保护方式的探讨．电力自动化设备，1983(1)：7-9
[7] 能源部制定．煤矿安全规程．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1992
[8] 聂文龙，刘思沛等．煤矿供电．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1988
[9] 胡天禄．矿井电网的漏电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1987
[10] A.N.Eliasen, high-inertia drive motors and their starting characteristics, IEEE Trans. on power Apparatus and system, Vol. PAS-99, No.4july/angnst 1980
[11] 宋建成，谢恒堃，王雁欣，李安平．基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究．电网技术，1999(2)：38-41
[12] 宋建成，石宗义等．单片机在矿用隔爆型真空馈电开关中的应用．煤炭科学技术，1995(1)：50-54
[13] 王琳，王新国．三相交流电相序的逻辑判别及其应用．电气开关，2000(1)：6-10
[14] 夏天伟，秦妙华，任继武，来常学．用于电动机过载保护的单片机保护系统研究．电气开关，2000(1)：13-17
[15] 刘荣玉编．矿用隔爆异步电动机(原理．检修与试验)．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1989
[16] S.E.Zocholl, motor analysis and thermal protection, IEEE Trans. on Power Delirery,Vol.5,No.3, July 1990
[17] Lacroix and d. Clegg, Microprocessor motor protection relay, in Proc. Fourth Int.
conf. Developments Dower Protection, Apr.11-13,1989
[18] 国家技术监督局，中国强制性国家标准汇编，电工卷 3．北京：中国标准出版社
[19] Ronald G. Harley, The effects of unbalanced networks and unbalanced faults on induction motor transient stability, IEEE trans, on Energy conversion, Vol.3, No.2, Jane 1988
[20] Paul B.COMMINGS, Protection of induction motors against unbalanced voltage operation, IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl.Vol. IA-21,No.4, May/Jane. 1985
[21] Anstin H. Bonnett, Cause and analysis of stator and rotor failure in three-phase squirrel-Cage induction motors, IEEE Trans. on Ind.Appl.,Vol.28,No.4,July/angnst 1992
[22] 邵富春编著．怎样保护电动机．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1984
[23] 祝生香编著．煤矿半导体继电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1985
[24] [苏]B．C．柯拉夫钦克等．安全火花电路．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1981
[25] 章良海等．安全火花原理及应用．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1984
[26] [英]J．R．贺尔著，郁继裳等译．本质安全型设备及电路．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1990
[27] 郝俊芳，李海英，宋建成．电动机控制系统本质安全型先导电路的试验研究．电工技术杂志，2001(9)：18-22
[28] 何立民编著．MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计(系统配置与接口技术)．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1994
[29] Norris Woodruff, Economical motor protection using Microcomputer technology, IEEE Trans. on Ind.Appl. Vol. IA-20, No.5, Sep./Oct, 1984
[30] Farag, Wael A.; Kamel, Mahmoud I. Microprocessor-based protection system for three-phase induction motors. Electr Mach Power Syst. v 27 p 453-464, 1999.
[31] 李力．微机型电动机保护的研究与实现．河海大学硕士学位论文，1994
[32] 彭冲．井下三相异步电动机软起动控制与综合保护系统的研究．太原理工大学硕士学位论文，1999
[33] 徐爱卿等编著．单片微型计算机应用和开发系统．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1992
[35] 龙可微．X25045芯片及其应用．电子技术应用，1999(9)：70-71
[36] 周航慈．单片机应用程序技术设计．北京：航空航天大学出版社，1992
[37] 潘新民，王燕芳编著．单片微型计算机实用系统设计．北京：人民邮电出版社，1991
[38] [苏]Г．Г基莫扬著，傅元义译．矿山电气设备继电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1983
[39] 赖昌干，张金程，邹有明编．矿山电工学．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1991
[40] 牛树仁，陈滋平编．煤矿固定机械及运输设备．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1991
[41] 能源部制定．煤矿安全规程．北京：煤炭工业出版社，2001
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