基于TMS320LF2407A的电缆故障信号采集系统研究
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摘要
随着城网、农网改造的深入,电缆的应用范围也越来越大。同时电缆发生的故障也不断增多。如何快速、准确地对电缆故障的种类、具体位置进行确定,对于提高电缆系统的供电质量、减小经济损失有非常重要的作用。而国内外较成熟的电缆故障测距方法大都基于离线状态,电缆在线故障测距,仍缺少有效的方法。因此,实现电缆在线故障测距,具有迫切的现实意义。本文以小波分析为基础,对电缆故障检测、故障采集与故障定位进行了研究,并研制了电缆在线故障采集装置。
论文首先介绍了小波分析的基本概念,及小波分析检测奇异性的理论,并从多尺度分析及模极大值方法的角度出发,对小波变换在电缆线路的应用进行了研究;接着对输电线路的行波过程进行了阐述,通过采用相模变换的方法消除三相线路之间的耦合影响,在此基础上分析了行波在故障点、母线等阻抗不连续处的反射和折射情况,提出了不受波速影响的单端测距公式,在理论上消除了波速对故障测距精度的影响。用EMTP软件建立电缆故障系统模型,仿真算例表明选用小波变换作为时域频域分析工具,能够有效的对电缆故障暂态行波进行分析,且不受故障位置、故障类型及过渡电阻的影响,具有较高的测距精度。
论文随后根据电缆故障暂态行波的实际特点,完成了电缆在线故障采集装置软硬件的设计。硬件设计共分为3部分:一是由电流互感器和运放电路组成的信号调理电路;二是由TMS320LF2407A作为主CPU的高速数据采集电路;三是由PC机作为系统的上位机实现数据分析、处理和存储等功能。软件设计共分为2部分:一是由C和汇编语言混合编写的下位机程序,主要完成系统初始化、中断采样、数据显示和数据通讯等工作;二是由VC语言和MATLAB语言编写的上位机分析软件程序,主要完成数据实时传输、数据文件保存、图形绘制、小波分析以及数据库开发等工作。最后对电缆在线故障测距装置进行了各项测试。测试表明,该系统硬件和软件设计正确,系统运行正常。
With the development of city and rural electric power network, the possibility of the cable fault accurate is also becoming more and more greatly. How do category and location of cable fault is ascertained quickly and accurately, for power system quality improvement of cable and reducing the economic loss to being the very influential role. The mature technology for cable fault location is mostly based on off-line at home and abroad. There are not efficient methods for cable fault location on-line, so this topic has an exigently realistic significance. This dissertation focuses on applying wavelet analysis to detect the time faults occurred, to gather cable fault and to calculate faults’distance of cable.
At first, this dissertation introduces the theories of wavelet, the singularity detection theories of wavelet analysis. The wavelet is applied cable fault location from the multi-scale analysis and module maximum, the wave course of transmission is introduced, the effect of coupling among three phase lines can be solved by phase-mode transform. The echo and refraction of traveling waves at the discontinuous spot of impedance, such as fault point or bus bar, are analyzed Aiming at the problem of the uncertainty of wave speed which influence the accuracy of location, fault distance expression that avoid the wave speed influence in theory are worked out, and model the cable fault by using EMTP software. simulation show that the wavelet transform can effectively analyze the transient traveling wave, and be immune to the fault location, fault type and transition resistance, and enhance the accuracy of location.
Then the designing and application of the hardware and software of cable fault location system are performed in this paper. The hardware designing includes there parts: The first one is the signal adjustment circuit which is made of the current transformer and operational amplifier; The second one is high-speed sampling circuit which uses the TMS320LF2407A as the main center processing unit; The third one is PC computer as the upper computer of system. The software designing includes two parts: The first part is the front computer procedures which are compiled by C and assemble language that can achieve many works about system initialization, interruption acquisition, displaying data and transmitting data. The second part is the upper computer procedures which are compiled by VC language and EMTP that can accomplish some assignments about real time transmission of data, image-based rendering, file saving, wavelet analysis and data bank development.
Finally, the system is tested in this paper. The test results show that the hardware and software can normal work and meet the requirements of cable fault location on line.
论文首先介绍了小波分析的基本概念,及小波分析检测奇异性的理论,并从多尺度分析及模极大值方法的角度出发,对小波变换在电缆线路的应用进行了研究;接着对输电线路的行波过程进行了阐述,通过采用相模变换的方法消除三相线路之间的耦合影响,在此基础上分析了行波在故障点、母线等阻抗不连续处的反射和折射情况,提出了不受波速影响的单端测距公式,在理论上消除了波速对故障测距精度的影响。用EMTP软件建立电缆故障系统模型,仿真算例表明选用小波变换作为时域频域分析工具,能够有效的对电缆故障暂态行波进行分析,且不受故障位置、故障类型及过渡电阻的影响,具有较高的测距精度。
论文随后根据电缆故障暂态行波的实际特点,完成了电缆在线故障采集装置软硬件的设计。硬件设计共分为3部分:一是由电流互感器和运放电路组成的信号调理电路;二是由TMS320LF2407A作为主CPU的高速数据采集电路;三是由PC机作为系统的上位机实现数据分析、处理和存储等功能。软件设计共分为2部分:一是由C和汇编语言混合编写的下位机程序,主要完成系统初始化、中断采样、数据显示和数据通讯等工作;二是由VC语言和MATLAB语言编写的上位机分析软件程序,主要完成数据实时传输、数据文件保存、图形绘制、小波分析以及数据库开发等工作。最后对电缆在线故障测距装置进行了各项测试。测试表明,该系统硬件和软件设计正确,系统运行正常。
With the development of city and rural electric power network, the possibility of the cable fault accurate is also becoming more and more greatly. How do category and location of cable fault is ascertained quickly and accurately, for power system quality improvement of cable and reducing the economic loss to being the very influential role. The mature technology for cable fault location is mostly based on off-line at home and abroad. There are not efficient methods for cable fault location on-line, so this topic has an exigently realistic significance. This dissertation focuses on applying wavelet analysis to detect the time faults occurred, to gather cable fault and to calculate faults’distance of cable.
At first, this dissertation introduces the theories of wavelet, the singularity detection theories of wavelet analysis. The wavelet is applied cable fault location from the multi-scale analysis and module maximum, the wave course of transmission is introduced, the effect of coupling among three phase lines can be solved by phase-mode transform. The echo and refraction of traveling waves at the discontinuous spot of impedance, such as fault point or bus bar, are analyzed Aiming at the problem of the uncertainty of wave speed which influence the accuracy of location, fault distance expression that avoid the wave speed influence in theory are worked out, and model the cable fault by using EMTP software. simulation show that the wavelet transform can effectively analyze the transient traveling wave, and be immune to the fault location, fault type and transition resistance, and enhance the accuracy of location.
Then the designing and application of the hardware and software of cable fault location system are performed in this paper. The hardware designing includes there parts: The first one is the signal adjustment circuit which is made of the current transformer and operational amplifier; The second one is high-speed sampling circuit which uses the TMS320LF2407A as the main center processing unit; The third one is PC computer as the upper computer of system. The software designing includes two parts: The first part is the front computer procedures which are compiled by C and assemble language that can achieve many works about system initialization, interruption acquisition, displaying data and transmitting data. The second part is the upper computer procedures which are compiled by VC language and EMTP that can accomplish some assignments about real time transmission of data, image-based rendering, file saving, wavelet analysis and data bank development.
Finally, the system is tested in this paper. The test results show that the hardware and software can normal work and meet the requirements of cable fault location on line.
引文
[1] 任震,黄雯莹,黄群古等.小波分析及在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003
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[5] 王润卿,吕钦荣.电力电缆的安装、运行与故障测寻(修订版)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.5
[6] 成永红.电力设备绝缘检测与诊断[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[7] Nakayama T. On-line Cable Monitor Developed in Japan [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(4): 1359~1366
[8] 肖登明.电力设备在线监测与故障诊断[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2005
[9] 董其国.红外诊断技术在电力设备中的应用[M]北京:机械工业出版社,1998.8
[10] Harry Lee, Abdul M.Mousa. GPS Traveling Wave Fault Locator System: Investigation into the Anomalous Measurement Related to Lightning Strikes[J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vo.11, no3, July, 1996: 1214~1223
[11] 张保会,哈恒旭,吕志来.利用单端暂态量实现超高压输电线全线速动保护新原理的研究[J].电力自动化设备,2001,21(8)
[12] 蔡丹宙,周汉亮,江斌.交联聚乙烯电缆的在线诊断及其仪器[J].电线电缆 ,1996 年第 4期:23~26
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[15] 董新洲,葛耀中.一种使用双端电气量的高压输电线路测距算法[J].电力系统自动化,1997,Vol.19,No.8:47-53。
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[18] ROSOLOWSKI E.,KASZTENNY B.,IZYKOWSKI J. and SAHA M.M. Fault Loop Impedance Analysis for a Transmission Line Series Capacitors and Their Over-voltage Protection[A].Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Power System Protection PSP’98,Bled,S lovenia,30.Sept.-4.Oct.1998:41～45
[19] 张群峰,文习山,陈燕萍.基于电弧特性的电力电缆故障在线测距方法[J].高电压技术,2003, 29(7):30～44
[20] 张晓虹,蒋雄伟等.分布式光纤温度传感器在交联聚乙烯绝缘地下电缆故障检测中的应用[J].电网技术,Vol.23 No.12 Dec.1999
[21] L. Senhadji. New Application of Wavelet Transformation[A]. Proc.IEEE/EMBS annual conf., 1992, 15(2):2592~2593
[22] 张正团,文锋,徐丙垠.基于小波分析的电缆故障测距[J].电力系统自动化,2003, 27(1):49-52.
[23] 胡昌华,张军波,夏军等.基于 MATLAB 的系统分析与设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.12
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[26] 杨建国.小波分析及其工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005.6
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[30] 韦钢,张子阳.输电线路故障定位中小波变换的应用[J].上海电力学报.第 21 卷 4 期2005.12
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[32] 朱正伟.基于小波理论的电力系统故障检测方法研究[D].南京理工大学,2006
[33] 陈皓.超高压输电线路暂态电流保护的研究[D].重庆大学,2001
[34] 王增和,丁卫平,李平辉.电磁场与波[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.7
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[3] 徐丙垠等.电力电缆故障探测技术[M].机械工业出版社,1999.
[4] S. Grzybowski, J. Fan. Electrical Breakdown Characteristics of the XLPE Cables under AC, DC, and Pulsating Voltages[A]. IEEE Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Seoul, Korea, 1997: 389~393
[5] 王润卿,吕钦荣.电力电缆的安装、运行与故障测寻(修订版)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001.5
[6] 成永红.电力设备绝缘检测与诊断[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[7] Nakayama T. On-line Cable Monitor Developed in Japan [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(4): 1359~1366
[8] 肖登明.电力设备在线监测与故障诊断[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2005
[9] 董其国.红外诊断技术在电力设备中的应用[M]北京:机械工业出版社,1998.8
[10] Harry Lee, Abdul M.Mousa. GPS Traveling Wave Fault Locator System: Investigation into the Anomalous Measurement Related to Lightning Strikes[J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vo.11, no3, July, 1996: 1214~1223
[11] 张保会,哈恒旭,吕志来.利用单端暂态量实现超高压输电线全线速动保护新原理的研究[J].电力自动化设备,2001,21(8)
[12] 蔡丹宙,周汉亮,江斌.交联聚乙烯电缆的在线诊断及其仪器[J].电线电缆 ,1996 年第 4期:23~26
[13] 葛耀中.新型继电保护和故障测距的原理与技术(第 2 版)(M).西安:西安交通大学出版社,2007.7
[14] M.S.Sachadew,R.Agarwal,A technique for estimating transmission line fault location from digital impedance relay measurements,1988,IEEE Trans,Vol.3,No.1:pp121-129
[15] 董新洲,葛耀中.一种使用双端电气量的高压输电线路测距算法[J].电力系统自动化,1997,Vol.19,No.8:47-53。
[16] 范毅.电缆故障定位方法的研究和装置的研制[D].武汉:武汉水利电力大学,2000
[17] Enichi Hirotsu etal. Development of Hot-line Diagnosis Method for XLPE Cable by Measurement of Harmonics current[A].The 3rd Japan-China Conference on ElectricalInsulation Diagnosis.26-30 September,1994:455～458
[18] ROSOLOWSKI E.,KASZTENNY B.,IZYKOWSKI J. and SAHA M.M. Fault Loop Impedance Analysis for a Transmission Line Series Capacitors and Their Over-voltage Protection[A].Proceedings of the 11th International Conference Power System Protection PSP’98,Bled,S lovenia,30.Sept.-4.Oct.1998:41～45
[19] 张群峰,文习山,陈燕萍.基于电弧特性的电力电缆故障在线测距方法[J].高电压技术,2003, 29(7):30～44
[20] 张晓虹,蒋雄伟等.分布式光纤温度传感器在交联聚乙烯绝缘地下电缆故障检测中的应用[J].电网技术,Vol.23 No.12 Dec.1999
[21] L. Senhadji. New Application of Wavelet Transformation[A]. Proc.IEEE/EMBS annual conf., 1992, 15(2):2592~2593
[22] 张正团,文锋,徐丙垠.基于小波分析的电缆故障测距[J].电力系统自动化,2003, 27(1):49-52.
[23] 胡昌华,张军波,夏军等.基于 MATLAB 的系统分析与设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.12
[24] 刘涛,增祥利,曾军.实用小波分析入门[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.4
[25] 魏明果.实用小波分析[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005.9
[26] 杨建国.小波分析及其工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2005.6
[27] 张国华,张文娟,薛鹏翔.小波分析与应用基础[M]。西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006.8
[28] 周伟.MATLAB 小波分析高级技术[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.12
[29] 董新洲,耿中行,葛耀中.小波变换应用于电力系统故障信号分析初探[J].中国电机工程学报,第 17 卷第 6 期,1997.11。
[30] 韦钢,张子阳.输电线路故障定位中小波变换的应用[J].上海电力学报.第 21 卷 4 期2005.12
[31] 邱关源,罗先觉.电路(第 5 版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.5
[32] 朱正伟.基于小波理论的电力系统故障检测方法研究[D].南京理工大学,2006
[33] 陈皓.超高压输电线路暂态电流保护的研究[D].重庆大学,2001
[34] 王增和,丁卫平,李平辉.电磁场与波[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.7
[35] www.emtp.org
[36] 刘和平,王维俊.TMS320LF240x DSP C 语言开发应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[37] 江思敏.TMS320LF240x DSP 硬件开发教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[38] 刘和平,严利平,张学峰.TMS320LF240x DSP 结构、原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[39] TI.TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controller System and Peripherals.2001
[40] TI.C2000 Teaching Materials,2001
[41] 康华光.电子技术基础-模拟部分(第 4 版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996.6
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