危岩体失稳运动特征与工程防治对策研究
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摘要
危岩体是工程地质最具特色的问题之一,对危岩体变形发育特征、稳定性及防治对策的研究成为我国近几十年来工程地质学领域的研究热点与难点。本文主要以康定县康定民族师范专科学校前山危岩体为工程实例,在对形成危岩体的区域地质环境进行详细分析基础上,系统的研究了危岩体的变形发育特征、稳定性计算方法、落石运动不同阶段的特征、落石运动状态和轨迹的数值模拟及危岩崩塌工程防治对策等。
论文主要研究工作与结论有以下几方面:
(1)危岩体的发育形成是一个逐步累进的过程,不仅与地形、地貌、岩性及岩层组合等因素有关,还受到风化作用、侵蚀作用、河流切割作用一系列因素影响。本文将研究区危岩体的影响因素归纳为内因和外因两类,其内因主要包括地质构造作用和岩体本身性质;外因主要有降雨、地震作用、重力作用、风化作用以及人类活动等;
(2)通过对研究区历史典型灾害形成背景、规模与特点的分析,确定降雨、主控结构面强度参数、岩体自重与地震为危岩体失稳变形的主要影响因子。在此基础上,以主要影响因子为参数进行耦合分析,建立了稳定性分析模型,并对不同失稳模式下的危岩体进行相应的稳定性计算;
(3)运用UDEC离散元分析软件,选取典型危岩体进行裂隙水压对危岩体稳定性的影响过程分析,分析得到:一方面在持续裂隙水流的作用下,结构面力学强度降低,同时岩体裂隙法向受到挤压而扩张,随着裂隙水持续作用,裂隙扩张不断发展,最终导致了岩块的变形失稳,较好的说明了在连续强降雨或暴雨期间崩塌落石灾害多发的原因;另一方面,从裂隙水流作用全过程分析可知,岩体破坏失稳是一个逐步累加的过程,短时间的降雨或较小雨强的连续降雨,裂隙中的水流能够迅速渗漏,从而不会促使岩体的最终破坏失稳;
(4)应用瞬间摩擦理论、能量转化理论、运动学及动力学等原理,详细阐述了落石在初始位移、碰撞、滑动及滚动等四个阶段的运动速度及轨迹方程的分析与计算方法,结合研究区内具体情况进行了落石运动路径的数值模拟;
(5)通过对SNS防护体系与传统防治工程的防治效益优缺对比,选取了以SNS被动柔性防护体系做为本研究区的主要防治措施。
The caving of dangerous rock mass was a kind of harmful physicogeological phenomenon occurred commonly in mountainous areas. In recent decades, studied on failure mechanism and engineering countermeasure of dangerous rock mass has been the focus and difficult problem of engineering geology in china.
Taking the slope in front of Kangding Nationality Teachers College as an typical example, in this thesis, the author relatively sysmatically studied deformation characteristics, stability numerical methods of dangerous rock mass, movement characteristics of rolling rock in the different stages, numerical simulation analysis of rock movement state and track, contermeasures of dangerous rock mass based on the detailed analysis of the regional geological environment.
Followings were the dissertation’s main research work and conclusions:
(1) The development of dangerous rock mass was a progressive process step by step. In this paper,the various influencing factors of dangerou rock mass development were analyzed in detail, which included not only topography, geomorphology,lithology and rock combination,but also weathering, erosion, cutting valley. Those were inducted into internal factors and external factors. The internal factors included the geological structure motion and the nature of rock itself;the external factors were mainly rainfall, earthquake, gravity, weathering and human activities;
(2) By analyzing the historical background , the size and characteristics of the typical disasters, the thesis determined the main influencing factors of the dangerous rock mass deformation. Based on this, it took the main influencing factors as the coupling parameters to carry on coupling analysis and establish stability analyses model for the corresponding stability calculation of the danger rock mass in different failure ways.
(3) Used the discrete element analysis software(UDEC), this thesis select a typical dangerous rock mass to analyze the stability influence of dangerous rock in the process of water pressure in fissures. On the one hand, continuous flow in the fissures would reduce the mechanical strength of the structural plane and cause the fissures developing in norm direction. The continuous expansion of fissures would eventually cause dangerous rock mass to failure.It was better to explain why avalanche disasters were more frequent during the continuous rain or rainstorms;On the other hand, with analyzing the entire action process of the water in fissures, we could see that the destruction of rock mass was a gradual accumulation process. In shorttime strong rainfall or continuing lower rainfall duration, the water leakage in fissures could be quickly. Therefore, it would not induce the ultimate destruction of dangerous rock mass;
(4) Application of the moment friction theory, the energy conversion theory , kinematics and dynamics, this thesis elaborated the analysis and calculation method of rockfall in four stages including the initial displacement stage, the collision movement stage, the sliding movement stage and the rolling movement stage. The numerical simulation of rockfall movement had been completed by combining with the actual situation in study area.
(5) After comparing the prevention and treatment benefits of SNS defence system with of the traditional defence engineering, we selected the passive SNS defence system as the main prevention and treatment measures.
论文主要研究工作与结论有以下几方面:
(1)危岩体的发育形成是一个逐步累进的过程,不仅与地形、地貌、岩性及岩层组合等因素有关,还受到风化作用、侵蚀作用、河流切割作用一系列因素影响。本文将研究区危岩体的影响因素归纳为内因和外因两类,其内因主要包括地质构造作用和岩体本身性质;外因主要有降雨、地震作用、重力作用、风化作用以及人类活动等;
(2)通过对研究区历史典型灾害形成背景、规模与特点的分析,确定降雨、主控结构面强度参数、岩体自重与地震为危岩体失稳变形的主要影响因子。在此基础上,以主要影响因子为参数进行耦合分析,建立了稳定性分析模型,并对不同失稳模式下的危岩体进行相应的稳定性计算;
(3)运用UDEC离散元分析软件,选取典型危岩体进行裂隙水压对危岩体稳定性的影响过程分析,分析得到:一方面在持续裂隙水流的作用下,结构面力学强度降低,同时岩体裂隙法向受到挤压而扩张,随着裂隙水持续作用,裂隙扩张不断发展,最终导致了岩块的变形失稳,较好的说明了在连续强降雨或暴雨期间崩塌落石灾害多发的原因;另一方面,从裂隙水流作用全过程分析可知,岩体破坏失稳是一个逐步累加的过程,短时间的降雨或较小雨强的连续降雨,裂隙中的水流能够迅速渗漏,从而不会促使岩体的最终破坏失稳;
(4)应用瞬间摩擦理论、能量转化理论、运动学及动力学等原理,详细阐述了落石在初始位移、碰撞、滑动及滚动等四个阶段的运动速度及轨迹方程的分析与计算方法,结合研究区内具体情况进行了落石运动路径的数值模拟;
(5)通过对SNS防护体系与传统防治工程的防治效益优缺对比,选取了以SNS被动柔性防护体系做为本研究区的主要防治措施。
The caving of dangerous rock mass was a kind of harmful physicogeological phenomenon occurred commonly in mountainous areas. In recent decades, studied on failure mechanism and engineering countermeasure of dangerous rock mass has been the focus and difficult problem of engineering geology in china.
Taking the slope in front of Kangding Nationality Teachers College as an typical example, in this thesis, the author relatively sysmatically studied deformation characteristics, stability numerical methods of dangerous rock mass, movement characteristics of rolling rock in the different stages, numerical simulation analysis of rock movement state and track, contermeasures of dangerous rock mass based on the detailed analysis of the regional geological environment.
Followings were the dissertation’s main research work and conclusions:
(1) The development of dangerous rock mass was a progressive process step by step. In this paper,the various influencing factors of dangerou rock mass development were analyzed in detail, which included not only topography, geomorphology,lithology and rock combination,but also weathering, erosion, cutting valley. Those were inducted into internal factors and external factors. The internal factors included the geological structure motion and the nature of rock itself;the external factors were mainly rainfall, earthquake, gravity, weathering and human activities;
(2) By analyzing the historical background , the size and characteristics of the typical disasters, the thesis determined the main influencing factors of the dangerous rock mass deformation. Based on this, it took the main influencing factors as the coupling parameters to carry on coupling analysis and establish stability analyses model for the corresponding stability calculation of the danger rock mass in different failure ways.
(3) Used the discrete element analysis software(UDEC), this thesis select a typical dangerous rock mass to analyze the stability influence of dangerous rock in the process of water pressure in fissures. On the one hand, continuous flow in the fissures would reduce the mechanical strength of the structural plane and cause the fissures developing in norm direction. The continuous expansion of fissures would eventually cause dangerous rock mass to failure.It was better to explain why avalanche disasters were more frequent during the continuous rain or rainstorms;On the other hand, with analyzing the entire action process of the water in fissures, we could see that the destruction of rock mass was a gradual accumulation process. In shorttime strong rainfall or continuing lower rainfall duration, the water leakage in fissures could be quickly. Therefore, it would not induce the ultimate destruction of dangerous rock mass;
(4) Application of the moment friction theory, the energy conversion theory , kinematics and dynamics, this thesis elaborated the analysis and calculation method of rockfall in four stages including the initial displacement stage, the collision movement stage, the sliding movement stage and the rolling movement stage. The numerical simulation of rockfall movement had been completed by combining with the actual situation in study area.
(5) After comparing the prevention and treatment benefits of SNS defence system with of the traditional defence engineering, we selected the passive SNS defence system as the main prevention and treatment measures.
引文
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[3]贵州省纳雍县危岩崩塌灾害初步调查[EB/OL].[2007-11-08] http://www.lrn.cn/basicdata/communique/200711/t20071108_165917.htm
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[2]湖北岩崩事故发现35具遗体遇难者[EB/OL].[2007-12-04] http://www.gznet.com/news/national/gdxx/200712/t20071204_404323.html
[3]贵州省纳雍县危岩崩塌灾害初步调查[EB/OL].[2007-11-08] http://www.lrn.cn/basicdata/communique/200711/t20071108_165917.htm
[4]张钧.焦柳线危岩落石整治工程勘测设计回顾[J].总第87期,1999,(6):59-63.
[5]谭凤灵.崩塌落石病害的防治[J].路基工程.总第78期,1998,(3):114-116.
[6]王宁.云南省崩塌滑坡泥石流灾害及防治[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1998,9(4):38-41.
[7]刘中.长江崩岸的发生与发展规律的探讨[J].江苏水利防汛防旱,1996,(12):39-41
[8]胡克定.重庆市北温泉危岩带特征与防治对策[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1995,6(3):57-62.
[10]郑春明.山区滑坡、崩塌、泥石流成因分析及防治对策[J].浙江水利科技,2000,(2):30-32.
[11]刘凯栋.贵州崩塌灾害及其影响因素[J].贵州地质,1993,10(4):345-34
[12]旷镇国.重庆市中区危岩崩塌特征、形成机制及防治研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1995,6(3):51-56.
[13]陈洪凯,王蓉,唐红梅等.危岩研究现状及趋势综述[J].重庆交通学院学报2003,9(3)
[14]刘卫华.高陡边坡危岩体稳定性、运动特征及防治对策研究[D].成都理工大学,2008
[15]张强勇,李术才等.岩体数值分析方法地质力学模型试验原理及工程就用[M].中国水利水电出版社
[16] Stewart I.J. A Static Relaxation Method for the Analysis of Excavations in Discontinuous Rock. Design and Performance of Underground Excavations,Combrige,1984,PP:149~154
[17]刘锦华,吕祖珩等.块体理论在工程岩体稳定分析中的应用[M]水利电力出版社
[18] Shi Genhua. Discontinuous Deformation Analysis-a New Numerical Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block System. Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley:1988
[19]张奇华.链子崖危岩体变形破坏系统辨识[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(5):544-551.
[20]王立人等.崩塌的形成和危岩体稳定性分析[J].西北水利发电.1990.3.
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