镁法烟气脱硫副产物资源化利用研究
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摘要
二氧化硫是最常见的大气污染物,燃煤锅炉烟气排放是大气中二氧化硫的主要来源,烟气脱硫是减少二氧化硫排放的的有效途径。
烟气脱硫的方法很多,湿式氧化镁法因其投资低、流程短、占地省、效率高和运行可靠而被广泛使用。近年来,回收型氧化镁法越来越受到业界的关注,其中以脱硫副产物热解回收二氧化硫和氧化镁法备受青睐,回收的二氧化硫用于氧化制酸,氧化镁作为脱硫剂循环使用。本课题在研究脱硫副产物的主要化学物质亚硫酸镁和硫酸镁热解条件的基础上,对工业装置的实际脱硫副产物进行了热解研究,以期获得较高的氧化镁回收率和活性。
本研究考察的热解条件包括热解温度、升温速率、恒温时间、样品含水率等,对热解效果的评价包括样品分解率、二氧化硫产率、氧化镁含量、氧化镁的活性等。氧化镁的活性分别采用简易水化法和柠檬酸法,并采用X-衍射(XRD)分析考察氧化镁的晶格结构变化。
本研究证实,亚硫酸镁在400℃左右开始热解,当温度达到550℃时,二氧化硫产率达到92.0%。氧化镁产物X-衍射(XRD)分析表明选择550℃作为亚硫酸镁的热解温度是合适的,温度再升高时氧化镁晶粒的嵌镶块的尺寸逐渐增大,晶体的结晶程度提高,活性受影响而降低。在550℃热解温度下对亚硫酸镁热解产物氧化镁活性的分析证实,其活性要优于工业级氧化镁的活性,说明550℃作为亚硫酸镁的热解温度是合适的。在此过程中,研究热解温度达到550℃后,在0.5小时至2.0小时的恒温时间范围内,证实恒温时间为2小时时对二氧化硫和氧化镁的产率最大。另外,研究也发现,亚硫酸镁含水率的增加不利于其热解反应,也会影响热解产物氧化镁的活性。添加活性炭作为还原剂对亚硫酸镁热解基本不起作用,故在亚硫酸镁热解过程中无需添加还原剂进行热解反应。较低的热解升温速率有利于获得较高活性的氧化镁。
对硫酸镁热解研究证实,在添加活性炭作为还原剂的条件下,硫酸镁在650℃左右开始热解,当温度达到850℃时,二氧化硫产率达到98.7%,认为热解过程基本结束。在850℃热解温度下,测得的热解产物氧化镁的活性接近试剂级氧化镁的活性,说明850℃作为硫酸镁的热解温度是合适的。对氧化镁产物X-衍射(XRD)分析表明选择850℃作为硫酸镁的热解温度是合适的,继续升高硫酸镁的热解温度,使氧化镁晶格完善,降低氧化镁的活性。同时证实,硫酸镁热解温度到达850℃后采用2小时的恒温,对获得较高的氧化镁活性是必要的。另外也发现,较低的热解升温速率有利获得较高活性的氧化镁。
工业装置脱硫副产物干渣在35℃下相对比较稳定。在550℃时热失重为31%,650℃时热失重到达62%。在600-700℃热解温度时,其热解产物氧化镁的结晶程度低、活性好,选择热解恒温时间为2小时较合适。热解温度到800℃以上,甚至900℃时,部分氧化镁被烧结,活性降低。
脱硫副产物采用热解方法对其进行热分解与回收的技术路线是可行的,此基础理论研究可为工业化装置的实施提供理论基础与实践依据。
SO2 is a most common air pollutant and the flue gas emission from coal-fired boiler is a main source of SO2 in the air. The flue gas desulphurization is an effective way to reduce SO2 emission.
There exist many ways for flue gas desulphurization and the Wet MgO Process is widely used owing to its low investment, short process flow, less area occupied, high efficiency and reliable running. In recent years, the MgO Process of recovery type has more and more been concerned by the industry, of which the process of desulfurized by-product pyrolysis to recover SO2 and MgO is much acclaimed, the recovered SO2 is oxidized to produce acid and MgO used as a sorbent for cycling. This article, based upon the study on pyrolysis conditions for magnesium sulfite and magnesium sulfate---main chemicals of desulfurized by-product, has carried out a study on pyrolysis of actual desulfurized by-product from industrial plant to obtain a higher recovery rate and activity of MgO.
In the study, the pyrolysis conditions being investigated cover pyrolysis temperature, temperature-rise rate, holding time of constant temperature and moisture content of sample. The evaluation on pyrolysis effect includes sample decomposition rate, SO2 yield, MgO content and MgO activity which is respectively by means of simple hydration method and citric acid method, further, the analysis and investigation of change of lattice structure of MgO by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
This study has verified that the pyrolysis of magnesium sulfite starts at about 400℃and as the temperature reaches 550℃the yield of SO2 to 92.0%. XRD analysis of MgO product shows that the choice of 550℃as pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfite is appropriate, and when the temperature raises higher the size of mosaic block of MgO grains may gradually increase and the crystallization level of crystal increase whereas the activity is affected and lowered. At 550℃pyrolysis temperature the analysis of activity of MgO---pyrolysis product of magnesium sulfite---has verified that its activity is better than that of MgO of industrial grade. In the course of analysis, as the pyrolysis temperature reaches 550℃and the holding time range of constant temperature in between 0.5---2.0 hours the study so carried out also verified that the yield of both SO2 and MgO is maximized when the holding time of constant temperature is 2.0 hours. In addition, the study also discovers that the increase of moisture content of magnesium sulfite is not conducive to its pyrolysis reaction, but has an effect on the activity of pyrolysis product---MgO. The addition of activated carbon as a reducer basically does not work in the pyrolysis of magnesium sulfite; hence, during the magnesium sulfite pyrolysis there is no need to add any reducer. The lower pyrolysis temperature-rise rate is beneficial to obtain a higher activity of MgO.
The study on pyrolysis of magnesium sulfate has verified that under the condition that activated carbon as reducer is added, the pyrolysis of magnesium sulfate starts at about 650℃and when the temperature reaches 850℃the yield of SO2 is 98.7%, this represents a basic completion of pyrolysis process. At the pyrolysis temperature 850℃the measured activity of MgO---pyrolysis product---is close to that of MgO of reagent grade, this manifests that this 850℃taken as a pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfate is appropriate. The XRD analysis of MgO product also shows that the 850℃taken as a pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfate is appropriate; a continuous rise of pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfate may make the lattice of MgO perfect, but reduce the MgO activity. Meanwhile, it is confirmed that a two-hour holding time of constant temperature is used after the 850℃pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfate reached is necessary for obtaining a higher MgO activity. In addition, it is also discovered that a lower pyrolysis temperature-rise rate is beneficial to obtain a higher activity of MgO.
The dry residues of desulfurized by-product from industrial plant are relatively stable at 35℃. However, its heat weightlessness is 31% at 550℃and 62% at 650℃. Under 600--700℃the crystallization level of MgO---pyrolysis product---is lower but activity higher, to choose two hours as the pyrolysis constant temperature holding time is appropriate. When the pyrolysis temperature is up to over 800℃, even to 900℃, then a part of MgO is caked and a reduction of activity resulted in.
The technological process for thermal decomposition and recovery of desulfurized by-product by a pyrolysis process is feasible and this basic theoretical study may provide theoretical and practical basis to the implementation of commercialized plant.
烟气脱硫的方法很多,湿式氧化镁法因其投资低、流程短、占地省、效率高和运行可靠而被广泛使用。近年来,回收型氧化镁法越来越受到业界的关注,其中以脱硫副产物热解回收二氧化硫和氧化镁法备受青睐,回收的二氧化硫用于氧化制酸,氧化镁作为脱硫剂循环使用。本课题在研究脱硫副产物的主要化学物质亚硫酸镁和硫酸镁热解条件的基础上,对工业装置的实际脱硫副产物进行了热解研究,以期获得较高的氧化镁回收率和活性。
本研究考察的热解条件包括热解温度、升温速率、恒温时间、样品含水率等,对热解效果的评价包括样品分解率、二氧化硫产率、氧化镁含量、氧化镁的活性等。氧化镁的活性分别采用简易水化法和柠檬酸法,并采用X-衍射(XRD)分析考察氧化镁的晶格结构变化。
本研究证实,亚硫酸镁在400℃左右开始热解,当温度达到550℃时,二氧化硫产率达到92.0%。氧化镁产物X-衍射(XRD)分析表明选择550℃作为亚硫酸镁的热解温度是合适的,温度再升高时氧化镁晶粒的嵌镶块的尺寸逐渐增大,晶体的结晶程度提高,活性受影响而降低。在550℃热解温度下对亚硫酸镁热解产物氧化镁活性的分析证实,其活性要优于工业级氧化镁的活性,说明550℃作为亚硫酸镁的热解温度是合适的。在此过程中,研究热解温度达到550℃后,在0.5小时至2.0小时的恒温时间范围内,证实恒温时间为2小时时对二氧化硫和氧化镁的产率最大。另外,研究也发现,亚硫酸镁含水率的增加不利于其热解反应,也会影响热解产物氧化镁的活性。添加活性炭作为还原剂对亚硫酸镁热解基本不起作用,故在亚硫酸镁热解过程中无需添加还原剂进行热解反应。较低的热解升温速率有利于获得较高活性的氧化镁。
对硫酸镁热解研究证实,在添加活性炭作为还原剂的条件下,硫酸镁在650℃左右开始热解,当温度达到850℃时,二氧化硫产率达到98.7%,认为热解过程基本结束。在850℃热解温度下,测得的热解产物氧化镁的活性接近试剂级氧化镁的活性,说明850℃作为硫酸镁的热解温度是合适的。对氧化镁产物X-衍射(XRD)分析表明选择850℃作为硫酸镁的热解温度是合适的,继续升高硫酸镁的热解温度,使氧化镁晶格完善,降低氧化镁的活性。同时证实,硫酸镁热解温度到达850℃后采用2小时的恒温,对获得较高的氧化镁活性是必要的。另外也发现,较低的热解升温速率有利获得较高活性的氧化镁。
工业装置脱硫副产物干渣在35℃下相对比较稳定。在550℃时热失重为31%,650℃时热失重到达62%。在600-700℃热解温度时,其热解产物氧化镁的结晶程度低、活性好,选择热解恒温时间为2小时较合适。热解温度到800℃以上,甚至900℃时,部分氧化镁被烧结,活性降低。
脱硫副产物采用热解方法对其进行热分解与回收的技术路线是可行的,此基础理论研究可为工业化装置的实施提供理论基础与实践依据。
SO2 is a most common air pollutant and the flue gas emission from coal-fired boiler is a main source of SO2 in the air. The flue gas desulphurization is an effective way to reduce SO2 emission.
There exist many ways for flue gas desulphurization and the Wet MgO Process is widely used owing to its low investment, short process flow, less area occupied, high efficiency and reliable running. In recent years, the MgO Process of recovery type has more and more been concerned by the industry, of which the process of desulfurized by-product pyrolysis to recover SO2 and MgO is much acclaimed, the recovered SO2 is oxidized to produce acid and MgO used as a sorbent for cycling. This article, based upon the study on pyrolysis conditions for magnesium sulfite and magnesium sulfate---main chemicals of desulfurized by-product, has carried out a study on pyrolysis of actual desulfurized by-product from industrial plant to obtain a higher recovery rate and activity of MgO.
In the study, the pyrolysis conditions being investigated cover pyrolysis temperature, temperature-rise rate, holding time of constant temperature and moisture content of sample. The evaluation on pyrolysis effect includes sample decomposition rate, SO2 yield, MgO content and MgO activity which is respectively by means of simple hydration method and citric acid method, further, the analysis and investigation of change of lattice structure of MgO by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
This study has verified that the pyrolysis of magnesium sulfite starts at about 400℃and as the temperature reaches 550℃the yield of SO2 to 92.0%. XRD analysis of MgO product shows that the choice of 550℃as pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfite is appropriate, and when the temperature raises higher the size of mosaic block of MgO grains may gradually increase and the crystallization level of crystal increase whereas the activity is affected and lowered. At 550℃pyrolysis temperature the analysis of activity of MgO---pyrolysis product of magnesium sulfite---has verified that its activity is better than that of MgO of industrial grade. In the course of analysis, as the pyrolysis temperature reaches 550℃and the holding time range of constant temperature in between 0.5---2.0 hours the study so carried out also verified that the yield of both SO2 and MgO is maximized when the holding time of constant temperature is 2.0 hours. In addition, the study also discovers that the increase of moisture content of magnesium sulfite is not conducive to its pyrolysis reaction, but has an effect on the activity of pyrolysis product---MgO. The addition of activated carbon as a reducer basically does not work in the pyrolysis of magnesium sulfite; hence, during the magnesium sulfite pyrolysis there is no need to add any reducer. The lower pyrolysis temperature-rise rate is beneficial to obtain a higher activity of MgO.
The study on pyrolysis of magnesium sulfate has verified that under the condition that activated carbon as reducer is added, the pyrolysis of magnesium sulfate starts at about 650℃and when the temperature reaches 850℃the yield of SO2 is 98.7%, this represents a basic completion of pyrolysis process. At the pyrolysis temperature 850℃the measured activity of MgO---pyrolysis product---is close to that of MgO of reagent grade, this manifests that this 850℃taken as a pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfate is appropriate. The XRD analysis of MgO product also shows that the 850℃taken as a pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfate is appropriate; a continuous rise of pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfate may make the lattice of MgO perfect, but reduce the MgO activity. Meanwhile, it is confirmed that a two-hour holding time of constant temperature is used after the 850℃pyrolysis temperature for magnesium sulfate reached is necessary for obtaining a higher MgO activity. In addition, it is also discovered that a lower pyrolysis temperature-rise rate is beneficial to obtain a higher activity of MgO.
The dry residues of desulfurized by-product from industrial plant are relatively stable at 35℃. However, its heat weightlessness is 31% at 550℃and 62% at 650℃. Under 600--700℃the crystallization level of MgO---pyrolysis product---is lower but activity higher, to choose two hours as the pyrolysis constant temperature holding time is appropriate. When the pyrolysis temperature is up to over 800℃, even to 900℃, then a part of MgO is caked and a reduction of activity resulted in.
The technological process for thermal decomposition and recovery of desulfurized by-product by a pyrolysis process is feasible and this basic theoretical study may provide theoretical and practical basis to the implementation of commercialized plant.
引文
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