天津市饮用水预氧化技术研究
摘要
我国北方城市水源70％以上为地表水，有机物污染严重，藻类大量繁殖，各种浮游动物孳生，常规处理工艺无法满足安全饮用水供应的需要。因此，供水行业迫切需要先进、高效的饮用水安全保障技术。天津市水源水质具有季节性变化明显、污染指标突发性超标和高藻期水质富营养化特征指标超标的特点，在北方地区具有典型性和代表性。论文针对天津市饮用水源不同水质期，采用预氧化技术强化常规工艺，以提高对有机物的去除能力，保障出水水质。
论文研究了高锰酸钾、氯、臭氧预氧化效果以及对后续气浮、过滤等常规工艺处理效果的影响，实验结果表明预氧化能提高后续处理工艺出水水质。对于夏季高藻期水质，高锰酸钾预氧化对有机物有一定的去除能力，并能提高后续工艺出水水质；预氯化能显著去除藻类，但后续工艺出水水质受藻类数量影响明显，预氯化只有在高藻期才能提高后续常规处理工艺出水水质；对于冬季低温低浊水，预臭氧化虽不能降低水中有机物浓度，但能显著提高后续常规处理单元出水水质。
对高锰酸钾、氯和臭氧三种氧化剂进行分析比较，结果表明三种氧化剂均能提高混凝效果，但高锰酸钾预氧化和预臭氧化在提高气浮和过滤出水水质保障率方面均优于预氯化。高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析结果表明，预氧化均能将原水中大分子有机物氧化分解为小分子有机物。通过色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)评价分析了高锰酸钾和氯对有机物结构的改变，高锰酸钾和氯均将原水中的一些不饱和性有机物氧化分解为一些含氧基团的有机物，如羧酸类、醇类和醛等有机物，但预氯化会在水中出现一些卤代物，卤代产物不仅出现在苯环上，而且出现在链烃上。
In Chinese north cities, more than 70% of drinking water resource is surface water which has been seriously polluted by organic matters and algae. As a result, the conventional treatment processes can't guarantee the safety of drinking water, which makes advanced and efficient tretment techniques necessary. The quality of Tianjin resource water varies greatly with seasons and often worsens abruptly. The characteristic of Tianjin resource water is typical in north China. In this study, preoxidation applied on Tianjin resource water during different water quality periods was conducted to intensify the conventional treatment processes, enhance removal efficacy of organic matters and improve the quality of drinking water.
The preoxidation by three chemicals, such as potassium permanganate, chorine and ozone, and its influence on the subsequent processes were analyzed. The results showed that proxidation could improve the quality of the water after followng treatment processes. As to Luan River water in Summer Period, after preoxidation by potassium permanganate, part of organic matters were removed and the amount of organic matters in the water after air-flotation and sand-filtration were reduced significantly. However, although prechlorination efficiently removed algae, its effect was directly related to the quantity of algae and was more obvious in the period of algae bloom. With regard to Yellow River water in winter with low temperature and low turbidity, it was discovered that preozonation did not result in a substantial removal of total organic carbon (TOC), but a remarkable UV254. It was further revealed that preozonation changed the characteristics and structure of organic matters and then enhanced removal efficiencie
s of them by subsequent processes.
The effects of potassium permanganate, chorine and ozone were compared and the
results showed that although all of them could enhance coagulation and then reduce the turbidity of the water after subsequent treatment units, potassium permanganate and ozone were more effective to ensure the quality of the water after air-flotation and sand-filtration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses demonstrated that all of these three chemicals could change organic matters in the water into those with lower molecular weight. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that both potassium permanganate and chlorine could oxidate the organic matters with unsaturated functional groups into those with carboxyl, hydroxyl and aldehyde. And it was further revealed that after preoxidation by potassium permanganate, the sorts of organic matters were reduced remarkably, however, chlorination leaded to increase of the sorts of orgnic matters and brought some chloro-organics such as chlorobenzene, chlorophenol, and trichloro-ethane.
论文研究了高锰酸钾、氯、臭氧预氧化效果以及对后续气浮、过滤等常规工艺处理效果的影响，实验结果表明预氧化能提高后续处理工艺出水水质。对于夏季高藻期水质，高锰酸钾预氧化对有机物有一定的去除能力，并能提高后续工艺出水水质；预氯化能显著去除藻类，但后续工艺出水水质受藻类数量影响明显，预氯化只有在高藻期才能提高后续常规处理工艺出水水质；对于冬季低温低浊水，预臭氧化虽不能降低水中有机物浓度，但能显著提高后续常规处理单元出水水质。
对高锰酸钾、氯和臭氧三种氧化剂进行分析比较，结果表明三种氧化剂均能提高混凝效果，但高锰酸钾预氧化和预臭氧化在提高气浮和过滤出水水质保障率方面均优于预氯化。高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析结果表明，预氧化均能将原水中大分子有机物氧化分解为小分子有机物。通过色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)评价分析了高锰酸钾和氯对有机物结构的改变，高锰酸钾和氯均将原水中的一些不饱和性有机物氧化分解为一些含氧基团的有机物，如羧酸类、醇类和醛等有机物，但预氯化会在水中出现一些卤代物，卤代产物不仅出现在苯环上，而且出现在链烃上。
In Chinese north cities, more than 70% of drinking water resource is surface water which has been seriously polluted by organic matters and algae. As a result, the conventional treatment processes can't guarantee the safety of drinking water, which makes advanced and efficient tretment techniques necessary. The quality of Tianjin resource water varies greatly with seasons and often worsens abruptly. The characteristic of Tianjin resource water is typical in north China. In this study, preoxidation applied on Tianjin resource water during different water quality periods was conducted to intensify the conventional treatment processes, enhance removal efficacy of organic matters and improve the quality of drinking water.
The preoxidation by three chemicals, such as potassium permanganate, chorine and ozone, and its influence on the subsequent processes were analyzed. The results showed that proxidation could improve the quality of the water after followng treatment processes. As to Luan River water in Summer Period, after preoxidation by potassium permanganate, part of organic matters were removed and the amount of organic matters in the water after air-flotation and sand-filtration were reduced significantly. However, although prechlorination efficiently removed algae, its effect was directly related to the quantity of algae and was more obvious in the period of algae bloom. With regard to Yellow River water in winter with low temperature and low turbidity, it was discovered that preozonation did not result in a substantial removal of total organic carbon (TOC), but a remarkable UV254. It was further revealed that preozonation changed the characteristics and structure of organic matters and then enhanced removal efficiencie
s of them by subsequent processes.
The effects of potassium permanganate, chorine and ozone were compared and the
results showed that although all of them could enhance coagulation and then reduce the turbidity of the water after subsequent treatment units, potassium permanganate and ozone were more effective to ensure the quality of the water after air-flotation and sand-filtration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses demonstrated that all of these three chemicals could change organic matters in the water into those with lower molecular weight. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that both potassium permanganate and chlorine could oxidate the organic matters with unsaturated functional groups into those with carboxyl, hydroxyl and aldehyde. And it was further revealed that after preoxidation by potassium permanganate, the sorts of organic matters were reduced remarkably, however, chlorination leaded to increase of the sorts of orgnic matters and brought some chloro-organics such as chlorobenzene, chlorophenol, and trichloro-ethane.
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