柴达木盆地新生代沉积转型事件及区域对比研究
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摘要
古近纪和新近纪之交(约22Ma)是藏北高原新生代重要的沉积变革时期。柴达木盆地周缘被祁连山、阿尔金山和东昆仑山等巨型造山带所环绕,这一山间盆地的形成和演化与这些造山带密切相关,这里的新生代沉积变化记录可以为这些造山带隆升的时序提供直接证据。通过对野外实测剖面进行沉积学研究,结合室内薄片鉴定与统计,辅以阴极发光技术进行检验,判断了沉积物源,确认了盆地内部22Ma沉积物源发生了转变这一推测。在区域上,对柴达木盆地周缘的可可西盆地、塔里木盆地和库木库里盆地进对比研究,得出以下认识:
(1)新生代柴达木盆地主要沉积了8套地层,从底到顶分别为古新世路乐河组,始新世下干柴沟组,渐新世上干柴沟组,中新世下油砂山组和上油砂山组,上新世狮子沟组,更新世七个泉组及全新世沉积。其沉积环境主要包括湖泊三角洲,滨湖、浅湖、深湖4个亚环境以及河流环境。
(2)新生代柴达木盆地至少经历了两次完整的三级湖泛湖退旋回,即古近纪一次,新近纪一次。藻灰岩在渐新世末期开始出现,繁盛于下油砂山早期,于下油砂山组末期开始衰退。这个时期可能是柴达木盆地新生代一个比较湿润时期。泥云岩和膏盐主要发育在渐新世上干柴沟组和下干柴沟组中晚期,这个时期可能是柴达木盆地一个比较干燥的时期。
(3)下干柴沟组沉积时期到上油砂山组沉积时期,沉积岩岩屑在总岩屑中一直占主导地位,说明阿尔金山至少一直是柴达木盆地西部的主要物源。
(4)下油砂山组底部大量变质岩岩屑、侵入岩岩屑和喷出岩岩屑的出现暗示着古近纪和新近纪之交(22Ma),盆地主要物源区—阿尔金山发生了一期重要构造事件。
(5)22Ma,即古近纪和新近纪之交是藏北高原新生代沉积的一个重要变革时期。柴达木盆地在这个时期沉积物源性质发生了转变;可可西里盆地古气候由炎热干旱背景转变为一个异常湿润的条件;塔里木盆地西南地区经历了由海相沉积体系向陆相沉积体系的重大转变;库木库里盆地由半干旱气候转变为湿润气候。
The turn of Paleogene and Neogene is an important transforming period of the Cenozoic sedmentary in Northern Tibetan Platean. Qaidam Basin is surrounded by the Qilian Mountains, Altun Mountains and Eastern Kunlun Mountains. The formation and evolution of the basin was closely related to these orogenic belts, so that the sedimentary records in Cenozoic in this basin can provide direct evidence for the uplifting time series of these orogenic belts. By sedimentary research on measured sections in the field, combined with indoor thin section analysis and Statistics, supplemented by the inspection of cathodoluminescence, the source of sediments has been confirmed and the speculation that there was a sedimentary transformation in the time of 22Ma of the Qaidam Basin has been verifyed. In a larger area, the Tarim Basin,Hoh Xili Basin and Kumukuli Basin have been compared with. Conclusions are as follows:
(1) In Cenozoic there were 8 sets of main sedimentary strata in Qaidam Basin, form bottom to top layer: Palaeocene Lulehe Formation, Eocene Xiagancaigou Formation, Oligocene Shanggancaigou Formation, Miocene Xiayoushashan Formation and Shangyoushashan Formation, Pliocene Shizigou Formation, Pleistocene Qigequan formation and Holocene sedimentary strata. The sedimentary paleoenvironments include the paleo-river and four subenvironment: lakes delta, lakeshore, shallow lake and deep lake.
(2) The Qaidam Basin had experienced at least two completely third-level cycles of lake regressions and transgressions in Cenozoic, the first cycle occurred in Paleogene, and the second occurred in Neogene. Algal limestone began in the late Oligocene, flourished in the early Xiayoushashan period, declined in the late of this period. This period may be the humid time in Cenozoic in the Qaidam Basin. Argillaceous dolomite and Gypsum-salt mainly developed in middle and late Eocene and Oigocene, the environment might be relatively dry in this period.
(3) During the deposition period of Xiagancaigou Formation to Shangyoushashan Formation, rock debris of sedimentary stone is dominant in the whole debris, indicating that Altun Mountains was the main source area of the western Qaidam Basin at least
(4) A lot of metamorphic rock debris, irruptive rock debris and effusive rock debris were found at the bottom of the Xiayoushashan Formation, implying that Altun Mountains has been experienced an important tectonic events in the turn of Paleogene and Neogene( 22Ma ).
(5) The turn of Paleogene and Neogene is an important transforming period of the Cenozoic sedmentary in Northern Tibetan Platean. During this period the souce area of the Qaidam Basin changed; paleoclimate of the Hoh Xili Basin changed form the hot and dry to an unusually wet; marine depositional system transformed to a continental depositional system in the southwest of Tarim Basin; the paleaclimate of the Kumukuli Basin changed from half-dry to wet.
(1)新生代柴达木盆地主要沉积了8套地层,从底到顶分别为古新世路乐河组,始新世下干柴沟组,渐新世上干柴沟组,中新世下油砂山组和上油砂山组,上新世狮子沟组,更新世七个泉组及全新世沉积。其沉积环境主要包括湖泊三角洲,滨湖、浅湖、深湖4个亚环境以及河流环境。
(2)新生代柴达木盆地至少经历了两次完整的三级湖泛湖退旋回,即古近纪一次,新近纪一次。藻灰岩在渐新世末期开始出现,繁盛于下油砂山早期,于下油砂山组末期开始衰退。这个时期可能是柴达木盆地新生代一个比较湿润时期。泥云岩和膏盐主要发育在渐新世上干柴沟组和下干柴沟组中晚期,这个时期可能是柴达木盆地一个比较干燥的时期。
(3)下干柴沟组沉积时期到上油砂山组沉积时期,沉积岩岩屑在总岩屑中一直占主导地位,说明阿尔金山至少一直是柴达木盆地西部的主要物源。
(4)下油砂山组底部大量变质岩岩屑、侵入岩岩屑和喷出岩岩屑的出现暗示着古近纪和新近纪之交(22Ma),盆地主要物源区—阿尔金山发生了一期重要构造事件。
(5)22Ma,即古近纪和新近纪之交是藏北高原新生代沉积的一个重要变革时期。柴达木盆地在这个时期沉积物源性质发生了转变;可可西里盆地古气候由炎热干旱背景转变为一个异常湿润的条件;塔里木盆地西南地区经历了由海相沉积体系向陆相沉积体系的重大转变;库木库里盆地由半干旱气候转变为湿润气候。
The turn of Paleogene and Neogene is an important transforming period of the Cenozoic sedmentary in Northern Tibetan Platean. Qaidam Basin is surrounded by the Qilian Mountains, Altun Mountains and Eastern Kunlun Mountains. The formation and evolution of the basin was closely related to these orogenic belts, so that the sedimentary records in Cenozoic in this basin can provide direct evidence for the uplifting time series of these orogenic belts. By sedimentary research on measured sections in the field, combined with indoor thin section analysis and Statistics, supplemented by the inspection of cathodoluminescence, the source of sediments has been confirmed and the speculation that there was a sedimentary transformation in the time of 22Ma of the Qaidam Basin has been verifyed. In a larger area, the Tarim Basin,Hoh Xili Basin and Kumukuli Basin have been compared with. Conclusions are as follows:
(1) In Cenozoic there were 8 sets of main sedimentary strata in Qaidam Basin, form bottom to top layer: Palaeocene Lulehe Formation, Eocene Xiagancaigou Formation, Oligocene Shanggancaigou Formation, Miocene Xiayoushashan Formation and Shangyoushashan Formation, Pliocene Shizigou Formation, Pleistocene Qigequan formation and Holocene sedimentary strata. The sedimentary paleoenvironments include the paleo-river and four subenvironment: lakes delta, lakeshore, shallow lake and deep lake.
(2) The Qaidam Basin had experienced at least two completely third-level cycles of lake regressions and transgressions in Cenozoic, the first cycle occurred in Paleogene, and the second occurred in Neogene. Algal limestone began in the late Oligocene, flourished in the early Xiayoushashan period, declined in the late of this period. This period may be the humid time in Cenozoic in the Qaidam Basin. Argillaceous dolomite and Gypsum-salt mainly developed in middle and late Eocene and Oigocene, the environment might be relatively dry in this period.
(3) During the deposition period of Xiagancaigou Formation to Shangyoushashan Formation, rock debris of sedimentary stone is dominant in the whole debris, indicating that Altun Mountains was the main source area of the western Qaidam Basin at least
(4) A lot of metamorphic rock debris, irruptive rock debris and effusive rock debris were found at the bottom of the Xiayoushashan Formation, implying that Altun Mountains has been experienced an important tectonic events in the turn of Paleogene and Neogene( 22Ma ).
(5) The turn of Paleogene and Neogene is an important transforming period of the Cenozoic sedmentary in Northern Tibetan Platean. During this period the souce area of the Qaidam Basin changed; paleoclimate of the Hoh Xili Basin changed form the hot and dry to an unusually wet; marine depositional system transformed to a continental depositional system in the southwest of Tarim Basin; the paleaclimate of the Kumukuli Basin changed from half-dry to wet.
引文
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