GSM/GPRS通信技术在油井远程监控系统中的应用
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摘要
抽油井抽油是目前石油开采过程中最重要的环节之一,抽油井的工况直接影响到油田的产油量。传统的油井工况人工巡检、巡查或相对落后的监测手段已不能满足油田自动化生产管理的需要,对油井工况进行实时远程监控成为油田生产自动化领域的重要课题之一。
数量众多的油井终端设备分布在广阔且地理环境复杂的油田中,使用任何一种单一的通讯方式都难以全方位地实现油田数据采集自动化所要求的SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)功能。本文从先进性、实用性、经济性等多方面综合考虑,提出了油井远程监控系统宜采用混合通信方式:主站与子站之间的主干通信,一般采用有线网络通信方式,如专用网通信或Internet通信,保证了主干通信的传输速度、信号质量和保密性;子站与监测终端之间利用GSM/GPRS网络进行通信,克服了以往有线通信方式组网困难、费用高等问题。
本论文在分析了现有油田监控系统的基础上,进一步分析了将GSM/GPRS无线通信技术应用于油井远程监控系统的可行性,比较并论证了GSM和GPRS网络方案的各自的优势和应用的场合。结合移动通信、计算机通信和自动化测控技术,构建井网实时监控系统:包括系统方案的设计与比较、监测终端的软硬件设计和监控中心软件的设计。运用无线通信网络相关理论,确定了远程测控终端与监控中心的数据传输协议,其中着重分析了公用移动通信网SMS和GPRS分组数据传输的实现过程。最后给出了数据传输测试的结果与分析。本文设计井网监控系统,旨在进一步发掘GSM/GPRS通信技术的行业应用潜力,对实现油井的现代化远程监控具有应用和借鉴价值。
Extracting oil from oil wells is the most important procedure in the oil extraction industry. Working Status of the oil-extracting well influences the yield of oil field directly. Traditional monitoring methods such as periodic inspection by workers and other undeveloped methods can not meet the demand of development of oil field automation. Effective modern supervisory management to oil well production has become an important subject in oil field automation.
Large numbers of oil wells are distributed in the oil field with large area and complex geographical environment. Only one communication mode to be used between remote terminals units (RTUs) can not completely implement the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) for oil-well net. Considering the aspects of advanced technology, practicality and economy, this paper proposes the communication mode that integrates wired communication and wireless communication. In one hand, monitoring sub-stations communicate with control center via DDN or Internet that guarantee the transmission speed, signal quality and data safety. In the other hand, the monitoring sub-stations communicate with RTUs via GSM/GPRS network.
On the basis of analyzing existing supervisory control system in oil field, the feasibility of the application of GSM/GPRS technology for oil well remote supervision has been demonstrated. Combined with mobile communication, computer communication and automation monitoring technique, a real-time monitoring system for oil well net has been built, including the design of one GSM schemes and three GPRS schemes, the design and implementation of monitoring terminal and monitoring center. Communication protocol between RTUs and Control Center was established on the basis of wireless communication network theories, among which the transmission procedure of SMS and GPRS data package was analyzed in detail. The result of test for data receiving and sending was shown in the end of the paper. The oil well remote supervisory control system that was designed in this paper has further explored the professional application of the GSM/GPRS communication technology, and it is very helpful to realize the oil well net automation management.
数量众多的油井终端设备分布在广阔且地理环境复杂的油田中,使用任何一种单一的通讯方式都难以全方位地实现油田数据采集自动化所要求的SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)功能。本文从先进性、实用性、经济性等多方面综合考虑,提出了油井远程监控系统宜采用混合通信方式:主站与子站之间的主干通信,一般采用有线网络通信方式,如专用网通信或Internet通信,保证了主干通信的传输速度、信号质量和保密性;子站与监测终端之间利用GSM/GPRS网络进行通信,克服了以往有线通信方式组网困难、费用高等问题。
本论文在分析了现有油田监控系统的基础上,进一步分析了将GSM/GPRS无线通信技术应用于油井远程监控系统的可行性,比较并论证了GSM和GPRS网络方案的各自的优势和应用的场合。结合移动通信、计算机通信和自动化测控技术,构建井网实时监控系统:包括系统方案的设计与比较、监测终端的软硬件设计和监控中心软件的设计。运用无线通信网络相关理论,确定了远程测控终端与监控中心的数据传输协议,其中着重分析了公用移动通信网SMS和GPRS分组数据传输的实现过程。最后给出了数据传输测试的结果与分析。本文设计井网监控系统,旨在进一步发掘GSM/GPRS通信技术的行业应用潜力,对实现油井的现代化远程监控具有应用和借鉴价值。
Extracting oil from oil wells is the most important procedure in the oil extraction industry. Working Status of the oil-extracting well influences the yield of oil field directly. Traditional monitoring methods such as periodic inspection by workers and other undeveloped methods can not meet the demand of development of oil field automation. Effective modern supervisory management to oil well production has become an important subject in oil field automation.
Large numbers of oil wells are distributed in the oil field with large area and complex geographical environment. Only one communication mode to be used between remote terminals units (RTUs) can not completely implement the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) for oil-well net. Considering the aspects of advanced technology, practicality and economy, this paper proposes the communication mode that integrates wired communication and wireless communication. In one hand, monitoring sub-stations communicate with control center via DDN or Internet that guarantee the transmission speed, signal quality and data safety. In the other hand, the monitoring sub-stations communicate with RTUs via GSM/GPRS network.
On the basis of analyzing existing supervisory control system in oil field, the feasibility of the application of GSM/GPRS technology for oil well remote supervision has been demonstrated. Combined with mobile communication, computer communication and automation monitoring technique, a real-time monitoring system for oil well net has been built, including the design of one GSM schemes and three GPRS schemes, the design and implementation of monitoring terminal and monitoring center. Communication protocol between RTUs and Control Center was established on the basis of wireless communication network theories, among which the transmission procedure of SMS and GPRS data package was analyzed in detail. The result of test for data receiving and sending was shown in the end of the paper. The oil well remote supervisory control system that was designed in this paper has further explored the professional application of the GSM/GPRS communication technology, and it is very helpful to realize the oil well net automation management.
引文
[1] 王根潮,王庆如,朱建华.抽油机井实时远程遥测技术.油气井测试,2004, 13(1):56～57
[2] 敬蜀蓉.油田生产自动化集中监控模式的研究:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学管理学院,2004
[3] 王会堂,李斌.彩南油田自动化系统.石油规划设计,1996,7(4):10～12
[4] 许荷香.数据传输与控制系统.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1992.12～13
[5] 曹尉青,韩冰.利用 GSM 短消息实现远程监控.无线电工程,2002,32(10):34～37
[6] 刘世景.塔里木油田 RTU 应用分析.油气田地面工程,2003,22(5):34～34
[7] Kimura T,Kanda Y.Development of remote monitoring system for a manufacturing support system for small and medium-sized enterprises.Computers in Industry,2005,56 (1):3～12
[8] 孙儒石,丁环元.GSM 数字移动通信工程.北京:人民邮电出版社,1999.15～17
[9] 李华,李学云.现代移动通信新技术——GPRS 系统.华南理工大学出版社,2001.2～15
[10] 杨彩虹,王芙蓉,贺德华.GSM 的数据业务和承载能力.电讯技术,2002,42(1):101～105
[11] 王晓东.GPRS 技术及其应用.武警学院学报,2004,20(5):94～96
[12] 赵长奎.GSM 数字移动通信应用系统.国防工业出版社,2001.2～10
[13] 韩冰,李芬华.GPRS 技术在数据采集与监控系统中的应用.电子技术(上海),2003,20(8):26～29
[14] L Boquete,I Bravo.Telemetry and control system with GSM communications. Microprocessors and Microsystems,2003,27(1):1～8
[15] 禹帆.无线通信网络概论.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.8～9
[16] 件浩,黄维金.无线数据传输技术在油井监测中的应用研究.仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4):520～521
[17] Giovanni Bucci,Edoardo Fiorucci,Carmine Landi, et al. Architecture of a digitalwireless data communication network for distributed sensor applications. Measurement.2004,35(1):33～45
[18] 蔡锐丹,许少云,甘义成.GPRS 无线数据传输系统的设计与应用.电子质量,2004,202(1):19～21
[19] Khaliq A,Arshad M.GSM-based distribution transformer monitoring system.in: Electrotechnical Conference 2004. The 12th IEEE Mediterranean,2004.999～1002
[20] Chitre V A, Daigle J N. Performance of IP-based services over GPRS. IEEE Transactions on Computers.2003,52(6).727～741
[21] Kalden R,Meirick I,Meyer M.Wireless Internet access based on GPRS.IEEE Wireless Communications,2000,7(2):8～18
[22] 李靖,胡捍英.GPRS 系统通信安全性浅析.移动通信,2003,27(6):43～45
[23] 王仪,柯先俊,孙思平.抽油井工况自动远程监测在吐哈温米油田应用分析.油气井测试,2003,12(3):63～64,73
[24] Wu Chunxue,Yu Zhenwei. Mobile computing system tracks oil field maintenance.Oil and Gas Journal.2004,102(6).58～58
[25] 蔡卫峰.无线通信 SCADA 系统的实现与应用.电子技术应用,2002,28(8):61～63
[26] 王九松.抽油井诊断图形分析.石油工业出版社,1994.3～5
[27] 陈揖国,杨洪茂.游梁式抽油机的状态监测与故障诊断.中国设备工程,2003,(1):37～39
[28] Chin Fan Saw,Lee Dack Fee.Design and implementation of intelligence embedded GSM auto-SMS system.Acta Press,2004,(8):164～167
[29] 黄继昌,徐巧鱼,张海贵等.传感器工作原理及应用实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.11～12
[30] 郑晓亮,郭家虎,胡业林.16 位串行模数转换器 MAX1132 的特性及应用.国外电子元器件,2004,(7):47～50
[31] 何信龙,李雪银.PIC16F87X 快速上手.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.9～10
[32] Henriksen K S, Gallagher J P.Analysis and specialisation of a PIC processor in:2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics. 2004.1131～1135
[33] 王彤,王良.Modem 设置中的 AT 命令.微电脑世界,1998,(34):61～62
[34] 陈佩,周洪玉,赵颖.串行通信在远程监控系统中的应用.哈尔滨理工大学学报,2002,7(2):42～45
[35] Chen Jyh Cheng, Lin Hong Wei. A gateway approach to mobility integration of GPRS and wireless LANs.IEEE Wireless Communications,2005,12(2):86～95
[36] Ricardo Jimenez, Claudia A.Measure Relative Humidity with a PIC MCU. Electronic Design,2005,53(6):79～80
[37] 娄辉,黄海.远程测控中 GSM Modem 短信开发.电子器件,2006,29(1):235～237
[38] Elena M,Quero J M,Tarrida C L.Design of a mobile telecardiology system using GPRS/GSM technology.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2002,(10):1859～1860
[39] 陶安顺.通信网原理及其实现技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2000.45～50
[40] Castiglioni L.Hardware and software architectural solutions for unmanned plants control systems.Editrice BIAS,2001,(1):95～98
[41] Vladimir Tosic,David Mennie,Bernard Pagure.Software Configuration Management Related to the Management of Distributed Systems and Service-Oriented Architectures.Computer Science, 2003,26(9):54～69
[42] Wu X, Chen J, Li RQ et al. Internet-based remote monitoring and fault diagnosis system.Advances in Neural Networks,2004,31(4):567～573
[2] 敬蜀蓉.油田生产自动化集中监控模式的研究:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学管理学院,2004
[3] 王会堂,李斌.彩南油田自动化系统.石油规划设计,1996,7(4):10～12
[4] 许荷香.数据传输与控制系统.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1992.12～13
[5] 曹尉青,韩冰.利用 GSM 短消息实现远程监控.无线电工程,2002,32(10):34～37
[6] 刘世景.塔里木油田 RTU 应用分析.油气田地面工程,2003,22(5):34～34
[7] Kimura T,Kanda Y.Development of remote monitoring system for a manufacturing support system for small and medium-sized enterprises.Computers in Industry,2005,56 (1):3～12
[8] 孙儒石,丁环元.GSM 数字移动通信工程.北京:人民邮电出版社,1999.15～17
[9] 李华,李学云.现代移动通信新技术——GPRS 系统.华南理工大学出版社,2001.2～15
[10] 杨彩虹,王芙蓉,贺德华.GSM 的数据业务和承载能力.电讯技术,2002,42(1):101～105
[11] 王晓东.GPRS 技术及其应用.武警学院学报,2004,20(5):94～96
[12] 赵长奎.GSM 数字移动通信应用系统.国防工业出版社,2001.2～10
[13] 韩冰,李芬华.GPRS 技术在数据采集与监控系统中的应用.电子技术(上海),2003,20(8):26～29
[14] L Boquete,I Bravo.Telemetry and control system with GSM communications. Microprocessors and Microsystems,2003,27(1):1～8
[15] 禹帆.无线通信网络概论.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.8～9
[16] 件浩,黄维金.无线数据传输技术在油井监测中的应用研究.仪器仪表学报,2004,25(4):520～521
[17] Giovanni Bucci,Edoardo Fiorucci,Carmine Landi, et al. Architecture of a digitalwireless data communication network for distributed sensor applications. Measurement.2004,35(1):33～45
[18] 蔡锐丹,许少云,甘义成.GPRS 无线数据传输系统的设计与应用.电子质量,2004,202(1):19～21
[19] Khaliq A,Arshad M.GSM-based distribution transformer monitoring system.in: Electrotechnical Conference 2004. The 12th IEEE Mediterranean,2004.999～1002
[20] Chitre V A, Daigle J N. Performance of IP-based services over GPRS. IEEE Transactions on Computers.2003,52(6).727～741
[21] Kalden R,Meirick I,Meyer M.Wireless Internet access based on GPRS.IEEE Wireless Communications,2000,7(2):8～18
[22] 李靖,胡捍英.GPRS 系统通信安全性浅析.移动通信,2003,27(6):43～45
[23] 王仪,柯先俊,孙思平.抽油井工况自动远程监测在吐哈温米油田应用分析.油气井测试,2003,12(3):63～64,73
[24] Wu Chunxue,Yu Zhenwei. Mobile computing system tracks oil field maintenance.Oil and Gas Journal.2004,102(6).58～58
[25] 蔡卫峰.无线通信 SCADA 系统的实现与应用.电子技术应用,2002,28(8):61～63
[26] 王九松.抽油井诊断图形分析.石油工业出版社,1994.3～5
[27] 陈揖国,杨洪茂.游梁式抽油机的状态监测与故障诊断.中国设备工程,2003,(1):37～39
[28] Chin Fan Saw,Lee Dack Fee.Design and implementation of intelligence embedded GSM auto-SMS system.Acta Press,2004,(8):164～167
[29] 黄继昌,徐巧鱼,张海贵等.传感器工作原理及应用实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.11～12
[30] 郑晓亮,郭家虎,胡业林.16 位串行模数转换器 MAX1132 的特性及应用.国外电子元器件,2004,(7):47～50
[31] 何信龙,李雪银.PIC16F87X 快速上手.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.9～10
[32] Henriksen K S, Gallagher J P.Analysis and specialisation of a PIC processor in:2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics. 2004.1131～1135
[33] 王彤,王良.Modem 设置中的 AT 命令.微电脑世界,1998,(34):61～62
[34] 陈佩,周洪玉,赵颖.串行通信在远程监控系统中的应用.哈尔滨理工大学学报,2002,7(2):42～45
[35] Chen Jyh Cheng, Lin Hong Wei. A gateway approach to mobility integration of GPRS and wireless LANs.IEEE Wireless Communications,2005,12(2):86～95
[36] Ricardo Jimenez, Claudia A.Measure Relative Humidity with a PIC MCU. Electronic Design,2005,53(6):79～80
[37] 娄辉,黄海.远程测控中 GSM Modem 短信开发.电子器件,2006,29(1):235～237
[38] Elena M,Quero J M,Tarrida C L.Design of a mobile telecardiology system using GPRS/GSM technology.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2002,(10):1859～1860
[39] 陶安顺.通信网原理及其实现技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2000.45～50
[40] Castiglioni L.Hardware and software architectural solutions for unmanned plants control systems.Editrice BIAS,2001,(1):95～98
[41] Vladimir Tosic,David Mennie,Bernard Pagure.Software Configuration Management Related to the Management of Distributed Systems and Service-Oriented Architectures.Computer Science, 2003,26(9):54～69
[42] Wu X, Chen J, Li RQ et al. Internet-based remote monitoring and fault diagnosis system.Advances in Neural Networks,2004,31(4):567～573