基于响应面法的汽车悬架系统优化设计
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摘要
本文采用ADAMS软件建立某重型特种车的整车虚拟样机模型,进行了关于整车操纵稳定性、行驶平顺性的虚拟试验。并且,依据国标通过变换、计算得到了评价车辆性能的评价指标及各自的评价计分值,较为全面的对汽车的性能进行了评价。在此基础上,以前悬架的特性参数及结构参数为设计变量,以整车操稳、平顺性评价指标为优化对象,对前悬架系统进行了优化设计。为整车性能(本文中的整车性能均指融合了操稳性和平顺性的车辆综合性能)的评价及汽车悬架系统的优化设计提供了一种现代化手段和方法。具体研究内容主要包括:
(1)依据国标,通过计算获得与各虚拟试验相对应的车辆性能的评价指标值,并采用合适评价计分方法计算各评价指标的评价计分值。在此基础上,构建整车性能评价网状图,提供一种较为全面的整车性能评价方法。
(2)基于ADAMS软件,以某重型车的基础数据为依托,结合汽车理论知识、汽车设计知识和空间机构运动学的知识,构建整车虚拟样机模型。
(3)根据我国现行整车操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性试验标准的要求,编写用于操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性虚拟试验的控制文件,并利用所建整车虚拟样机模型进行虚拟试验。
(4)利用ADAMS/Insight优化分析模块,以前悬架系统的结构参数为设计变量,以车辆的操稳性和平顺性能作为响应目标,对该悬架的结构参数进行灵敏度分析,从而确定出对整车性能影响较大的几个结构参数作为后续优化部分的结构设计变量。
(5)引入响应面法,以前悬架系统的弹簧刚度及结构参数做为输入设计变量,以各虚拟试验中车辆性能的评价指标作为输出目标响应,构建出设计变量与目标响应之间的响应面模型,并对响应面模型进行检验。
(6)利用多目标优化方法,以整车性能评价指标为目标函数,对前悬架系统进行优化设计。对优化前、后车辆的性能进行对比分析。
通过以上研究最终获得以下成果及创新:
(1)在对整车的性能进行评价时采用一种新的评价方法。该方法考虑了国标中关于整车的操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性的所有试验,并相应的选取各试验中能够表征车辆某一方面性能的参数作为评价指标。同时,采用适当的评价计分方法对评价指标进行评分,并构建整车性能的网状评价图,将车辆性能较为直观的呈现了出来,完成了车辆性能的评价。
(2)将响应面技术应用到汽车悬架系统的优化设计当中。采用响应面法将前悬架的弹簧刚度及结构参数与车辆性能评价指标间的复杂关系简化成响应面模型,并带入到优化设计的迭代格式中,完成了前悬架系统的优化设计。
In this paper, the virtual prototype of certain heavy vehicle for special services was established in the adams/car software, and then the simulations on the controllability and stability and on the ride comfort were carried through . Further more, the performance of whole car was evaluated according to the evaluation index and evaluation score calculation system, both of which were transformed from the national standard. Based on the finished tasks,the optimization design of front suspension was finished with the characteristic and structural parameters of the front suspension being design variables, and the evaluation index being optimization objectives.For all the work presented in this paper, a modernization method for whole car performance (in this paper ,the whole car performance only include the controllability and stability and the ride comfort)evaluation and optimization design of suspension system was provided.
The content of research work in this paper mainly includes:
(1) According to the national standards, the values of whole car performance evaluation index were acquired ,which were relative to the virual experiments.Based on this ,the evaluation net of whole car performance was charted,a new method of evaluating whole car performance offered;
(2) Integrating with the knowledge of auto theory, auto design and three-dimensional mechanism kinematics, the virtual prototype was established based on the basic data of certain heavy car for special service;
(3) According to the demands of the current national standards on the controllability and stability as well as the ride comfort, the control document for each virtual experiment was programmed, and the virtual experiments were carried through utilizing the virtual prototype;
(4) With the structural parameters of the front suspension being design variables, and the evaluation index being response objectives, the sensitivity of the front suspension structural parameters was analysed, the structural design variables ascertained by finding out the main structural parameters which affected the whole car performance mostly;
(5) With the spring stiffness of suspension system and the structural parameters being the input design variables,and the evaluation indexs of whole car performance in each virtual experiment being output response objectives, the models were constructed which represented the relation between the design variables and the response objectives utilizing the Response SurfaceMethodology;
(6) With the whole car evaluation indexs being the optimization objectives, the optimization design on front suspension was accomplished with the multi-objective optimization method.Then the contrast analysis between the whole car performances before and after the front suspension optimizated was made;
The following achievements and innovations have been accomplished:
(1) A new evaluation system has been adopted in evaluating the whole car performance. This system has taken all the experiments related to whole car controllability and stability as well as ride comfort into consideration, and chose a proper evaluation calculation method to score the evaluation index.Further more, the evaluation of whole car performance was fulfilled by adopting proper calculation method to score the evaluation index, the evaluation net charted which presented the whole car performance directly;
(2) The Response Surface Methodology was applied into the optimization design process of auto suspension system. The Response Surface Methodology was adopt to simplify the complex relationship between front suspension spring stiffness and structural parameters and whole car performance evaluation indexs into response surface model,which was introduced into the iteration format to complete the optimization design process.
(1)依据国标,通过计算获得与各虚拟试验相对应的车辆性能的评价指标值,并采用合适评价计分方法计算各评价指标的评价计分值。在此基础上,构建整车性能评价网状图,提供一种较为全面的整车性能评价方法。
(2)基于ADAMS软件,以某重型车的基础数据为依托,结合汽车理论知识、汽车设计知识和空间机构运动学的知识,构建整车虚拟样机模型。
(3)根据我国现行整车操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性试验标准的要求,编写用于操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性虚拟试验的控制文件,并利用所建整车虚拟样机模型进行虚拟试验。
(4)利用ADAMS/Insight优化分析模块,以前悬架系统的结构参数为设计变量,以车辆的操稳性和平顺性能作为响应目标,对该悬架的结构参数进行灵敏度分析,从而确定出对整车性能影响较大的几个结构参数作为后续优化部分的结构设计变量。
(5)引入响应面法,以前悬架系统的弹簧刚度及结构参数做为输入设计变量,以各虚拟试验中车辆性能的评价指标作为输出目标响应,构建出设计变量与目标响应之间的响应面模型,并对响应面模型进行检验。
(6)利用多目标优化方法,以整车性能评价指标为目标函数,对前悬架系统进行优化设计。对优化前、后车辆的性能进行对比分析。
通过以上研究最终获得以下成果及创新:
(1)在对整车的性能进行评价时采用一种新的评价方法。该方法考虑了国标中关于整车的操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性的所有试验,并相应的选取各试验中能够表征车辆某一方面性能的参数作为评价指标。同时,采用适当的评价计分方法对评价指标进行评分,并构建整车性能的网状评价图,将车辆性能较为直观的呈现了出来,完成了车辆性能的评价。
(2)将响应面技术应用到汽车悬架系统的优化设计当中。采用响应面法将前悬架的弹簧刚度及结构参数与车辆性能评价指标间的复杂关系简化成响应面模型,并带入到优化设计的迭代格式中,完成了前悬架系统的优化设计。
In this paper, the virtual prototype of certain heavy vehicle for special services was established in the adams/car software, and then the simulations on the controllability and stability and on the ride comfort were carried through . Further more, the performance of whole car was evaluated according to the evaluation index and evaluation score calculation system, both of which were transformed from the national standard. Based on the finished tasks,the optimization design of front suspension was finished with the characteristic and structural parameters of the front suspension being design variables, and the evaluation index being optimization objectives.For all the work presented in this paper, a modernization method for whole car performance (in this paper ,the whole car performance only include the controllability and stability and the ride comfort)evaluation and optimization design of suspension system was provided.
The content of research work in this paper mainly includes:
(1) According to the national standards, the values of whole car performance evaluation index were acquired ,which were relative to the virual experiments.Based on this ,the evaluation net of whole car performance was charted,a new method of evaluating whole car performance offered;
(2) Integrating with the knowledge of auto theory, auto design and three-dimensional mechanism kinematics, the virtual prototype was established based on the basic data of certain heavy car for special service;
(3) According to the demands of the current national standards on the controllability and stability as well as the ride comfort, the control document for each virtual experiment was programmed, and the virtual experiments were carried through utilizing the virtual prototype;
(4) With the structural parameters of the front suspension being design variables, and the evaluation index being response objectives, the sensitivity of the front suspension structural parameters was analysed, the structural design variables ascertained by finding out the main structural parameters which affected the whole car performance mostly;
(5) With the spring stiffness of suspension system and the structural parameters being the input design variables,and the evaluation indexs of whole car performance in each virtual experiment being output response objectives, the models were constructed which represented the relation between the design variables and the response objectives utilizing the Response SurfaceMethodology;
(6) With the whole car evaluation indexs being the optimization objectives, the optimization design on front suspension was accomplished with the multi-objective optimization method.Then the contrast analysis between the whole car performances before and after the front suspension optimizated was made;
The following achievements and innovations have been accomplished:
(1) A new evaluation system has been adopted in evaluating the whole car performance. This system has taken all the experiments related to whole car controllability and stability as well as ride comfort into consideration, and chose a proper evaluation calculation method to score the evaluation index.Further more, the evaluation of whole car performance was fulfilled by adopting proper calculation method to score the evaluation index, the evaluation net charted which presented the whole car performance directly;
(2) The Response Surface Methodology was applied into the optimization design process of auto suspension system. The Response Surface Methodology was adopt to simplify the complex relationship between front suspension spring stiffness and structural parameters and whole car performance evaluation indexs into response surface model,which was introduced into the iteration format to complete the optimization design process.
引文
[1]余志生.汽车理论(第4版).北京:机械工业出版社,2006.5.
[2]王望予.汽车设计(第3版).北京:机械工业出版社,2000.5.
[3]张越今.多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS理论及应用研讨.机械科学与技术,1997,(5),5-10
[4]赵亦希、黄宏、成刘奋.悬架侧倾特性参数及动力学仿真.传动技术,2001,(1),40-42
[5]鲍卫宁.基于ADAMS软件的轿车悬架动态模拟与仿真.武汉理工大学,2002
[6]王其东.基于多体理论的汽车悬架系统分析、设计与控制研究合肥工业大学2002 10
[7]刘虹,王其东,汤传玲.基于ADAMS双横臂独立悬架的运动学建模与仿真机械与电子,2005,(5)
[8]丁渭平.悬架弹性元件最佳刚度分布的工程设计方法.汽车工程,2005,(5)
[9]王永菲,王成国.响应面法的理论与应用.中央民族大学学报,2005,(3),236-239
[10]何森东,丁渭平,王昊涵,杨明亮,李洪亮.基于响应面法的汽车转向车轮定位参数优化设计.汽车技术,2007,08:42-44
[11](德)M.米奇著,陈荫三译.汽车动力学.北京:人民交通出版社
[12]郭孔辉.汽车振动与载荷的统计分析及悬挂系统参数的选择.汽车技术.1976,(4),3-17
[13]祝嘉光.双横臂悬架的几何计算及其应用.北京工业学院学报.1998,(3),100-108
[14]苏小平.依维柯汽车多体动力学仿真分析、优化研究及工程实现.南京理工大学,2004
[15]王其东.基于虚拟样机技术的汽车钢板弹簧设计及分析研究.机械工程学报,2001,(12),63-66
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[18]林逸,陈欣.轿车悬架系统空间多体弹性运动学研究.中国公路学报,2000,3
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[25]王琥、李光耀、李恩颖、韩旭.基于响应面法的汽车吸能部件优化问题研究,系统仿真学报,2007.8,19(16)3824-3829
[26]丁渭平.悬架与整车系统的协调分析方法与研究.机械设计与制造,2002,(6),57-59
[27]丁渭平.车内低频噪声与悬架特性参数的定量关系.噪声与振动控制,2006,(5),70-73
[28]肖力军.基于ADAMS/CAR的汽车悬架系统虚拟样机设计与性能分析湖南大学2006,4
[29]倪晋尚.汽车悬架的平顺性优化及仿真试验分析.南京航空航天大学2006,1
[30]姜鹏.汽车悬架系统的仿真分析与参数优化设计.浙江大学2006,5
[31]杨树凯.独立悬架性能评价指标与评价方法及其在双横臂与多连杆式悬架上的仿真实现吉林大学2005,5
[32]丁渭平.汽车悬架系统集成技术开发,浙江大学(万向集团)博士后研究工作报告,2003.2
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[2]王望予.汽车设计(第3版).北京:机械工业出版社,2000.5.
[3]张越今.多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS理论及应用研讨.机械科学与技术,1997,(5),5-10
[4]赵亦希、黄宏、成刘奋.悬架侧倾特性参数及动力学仿真.传动技术,2001,(1),40-42
[5]鲍卫宁.基于ADAMS软件的轿车悬架动态模拟与仿真.武汉理工大学,2002
[6]王其东.基于多体理论的汽车悬架系统分析、设计与控制研究合肥工业大学2002 10
[7]刘虹,王其东,汤传玲.基于ADAMS双横臂独立悬架的运动学建模与仿真机械与电子,2005,(5)
[8]丁渭平.悬架弹性元件最佳刚度分布的工程设计方法.汽车工程,2005,(5)
[9]王永菲,王成国.响应面法的理论与应用.中央民族大学学报,2005,(3),236-239
[10]何森东,丁渭平,王昊涵,杨明亮,李洪亮.基于响应面法的汽车转向车轮定位参数优化设计.汽车技术,2007,08:42-44
[11](德)M.米奇著,陈荫三译.汽车动力学.北京:人民交通出版社
[12]郭孔辉.汽车振动与载荷的统计分析及悬挂系统参数的选择.汽车技术.1976,(4),3-17
[13]祝嘉光.双横臂悬架的几何计算及其应用.北京工业学院学报.1998,(3),100-108
[14]苏小平.依维柯汽车多体动力学仿真分析、优化研究及工程实现.南京理工大学,2004
[15]王其东.基于虚拟样机技术的汽车钢板弹簧设计及分析研究.机械工程学报,2001,(12),63-66
[16]王其东.基于多体模型的汽车半主动悬架控制方法研究.机械工程学报,2004,(4),104-108
[17]卞学良.基于R-W方法的独立悬架和转向系统性能仿真及优化研究.河北工业大学,2006
[18]林逸,陈欣.轿车悬架系统空间多体弹性运动学研究.中国公路学报,2000,3
[19]Box,G.E.P.,and Wilson,K.B.," On the Experimental Attainment of Opimum Conditions",Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 13(B),pp.1-45,1951
[20]Hill.W.J.,andHunter,W.G,"A Review of Response Surface Methodology:A Literature Review",Technometics 8,pp.571-590,1966
[21]Mead,R.and Pike,D.J.,"A Review of Response Surface Methodology from AB;ometrics Viewpoint",Biometrics 31,pp.803-851,1975.
[22]Mayers,R.H.,KhutiA.I.andCarter,W.H.Jr.,"ResponseSurfaceMethology:1966-1988,"Technometrics 31,pp.137-157,1989
[23]廖亚曦、王成国、刘金朝.应用响应面法进行200km/h转向架阻尼参数的优化设计,铁道机车车辆,2004.10,24(5):8-11
[24]芮强、王红岩.基于响应面法的悬架系统优化设计,装甲兵工程学院学报,2006.8,20(4)49-53
[25]王琥、李光耀、李恩颖、韩旭.基于响应面法的汽车吸能部件优化问题研究,系统仿真学报,2007.8,19(16)3824-3829
[26]丁渭平.悬架与整车系统的协调分析方法与研究.机械设计与制造,2002,(6),57-59
[27]丁渭平.车内低频噪声与悬架特性参数的定量关系.噪声与振动控制,2006,(5),70-73
[28]肖力军.基于ADAMS/CAR的汽车悬架系统虚拟样机设计与性能分析湖南大学2006,4
[29]倪晋尚.汽车悬架的平顺性优化及仿真试验分析.南京航空航天大学2006,1
[30]姜鹏.汽车悬架系统的仿真分析与参数优化设计.浙江大学2006,5
[31]杨树凯.独立悬架性能评价指标与评价方法及其在双横臂与多连杆式悬架上的仿真实现吉林大学2005,5
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