基于无线传感器网络的温湿度采集系统的设计
摘要
酿造过程是在很多酒类、药品等生产企业生产过程中不可或缺的过程之一。酿造流程中各种工艺参数,如温度,湿度等的精确控制与产品的质量有直接的关系。对酿造过程中出现的质量问题及时发现,及时解决是至关重要的,而最终产品的抽检只是“马后炮”工程,所以对于酿造过程进行在线检测的需要十分迫切。
为了满足现代企业在酿造过程的实际需要,结合基于无线传感器网络技术,设计实现用于酿造过程监测的系统,具有十分重要的意义。
本设计根据上述现有技术,针对目前酿造过程中存在的问题和不足,提供了一种基于无线传感器网络技术的酿造过程监测设备。实现酿造过程中酿造数据和环境数据的实时采集;实现酿造数据和环境数据的无线网络的远程传输;支持实现对于酿造过程监测设备的远程控制。
在设计中,使用MSP430F149、CC2420、DS18B20和SHT11等芯片作为硬件基础,在我们实验室同学所设计的无线传感器网络通用节点基础上,设计出可应用与实际工程中的无线温湿度采集节点。节点对温湿度的采集、传输已经可以实现,可以很好的监控。一种新型的采集酿酒料堆温湿度的机械结构初步成型。搭建了基于TinyOS操作系统的温度采集软件平台。
Brewing is one of the necessary processes of production for the wine and medicine corporations. The technical parameters, such as the strict control of temperature and humidity, directly concern product quality. It is significant for the monitors to perceive the problems of quality in the processes of brewing and to solve the problems immediately. Accordingly, spot-check to finished product is meaningless. In a word, it is crucial to detect the process of brewing uninterruptedly.
Taking the control of brewing temperature as an example, the usual wired observation system is unpractical in respect that the range of operating and the working environment is restricted by the length of wire. Another shortcoming is that the fixed position determines the fixed quantity of bleeding points,which can not be enhanced facilely. The third disadvantage is that the cost of system expansion is expensive. Besides, the quantity of data collection is finite. Even so, lots of corporations are unable to adopt the wired observation system because of the abominable working environment and the corrosive liquid. The method these corporations customarily use is to engage veteran technicians who can experientially control the process of brewing by sight and touch of hands. Consequently, the situations mentioned above conduce to the qualitative instability, and to weaken the modernization of brewing.
In order to satisfy the modern corporations’factual needs of brewing, this project accomplish the thermostatic system which is designed for supervising the process of brewing, combining the techniques of wireless sensor network(WSN).
First of all, I will introduce the naissance and development of WSN, which can be divided into four periods:
The first generation of WSN adopts the traditional sensor which is able to receive simple informational signals. The network is made up of sensor and controller, which are connected by point-to-point transmission.
The second generation of WSN possesses the integrated abilities for receiving different kinds of informational signals. This sensor network can synthesize kinds of information, which is connected with the controller by series-wound and shunt-wound interfaces (e.g. RS232, RS485 unit).
The third generation of WSN emerged between the late 1990s’and the beginning of the 21century. The intelligent sensor network is a local area network, made up of an intelligent sensor receiving kinds of informational signals and connected with the controller by locale trunk line.
The fourth generation of WSN is being invented. This network is made up of many multifunctional sensors, which have abilities for receiving different kinds of informational signals, automatically connected with wireless network and linked with the controller of sensor network. The characteristics of this system are large-scale, dynamic, self-organizing, limitedly battery-conserving, redundancy, amalgamation of node code, dependability of network, data as linchpin, and so on.
Secondly, I will introduce the application of the WSN to military affairs, the public and academia. Besides, I will recommend the pivotal techniques of this network.
Based on these techniques, we are able to build up the hardware circumstance. In this project, I will interpret detailedly the principles of the system’s hardware framework and the design of this machine’s exterior. Furthermore, regarding to the environmental requirements of this project, I will design correspondingly the appropriate outer cover.
According to the circuit design, I will expatiate on the chipsets and their main functions, such as microcontroller MSP430F149, temperature sensor DS18B20, and temperature humidity sensor SHT11. Simultaneity, I will give a brief introduction on the voltage monitoring module MAX708s and resetting module 809.
I will give a detailed statement of the software adopted as designing in two chapters, concerning towards its significant and difficult roles in this project. In this part, in the first instance, I will expound the operating system TinyOS and nesC, which play important technical roles in this project. Moreover, there will be a detailed statement on closely mutual relationship among module, groupware, and interface. In the end of this part, I will deliver the main course of the software and the indispensable source program of C language with the intention of readers’deeper understanding on the working process of this system.
The main achievement of this thesis is scheming out a node gathering the thermometric information, based upon the principle of WSN. This frame can be used in uninterruptedly inspecting and controlling the surroundings of fermentation in the process of brewing. These techniques will be adopted by a wine corporation instantly.
The practice of manipulating according to the thesis provides the referenced value in the applications of temperature sensor and temperature humidity sensor to the WSN. Another achievement of this thesis is to present a primary template generalizing the utility of WSN.
Nevertheless, for the limit of time, there must be several mistakes in this thesis. Undoubtedly the design needs precise amelioration.
为了满足现代企业在酿造过程的实际需要,结合基于无线传感器网络技术,设计实现用于酿造过程监测的系统,具有十分重要的意义。
本设计根据上述现有技术,针对目前酿造过程中存在的问题和不足,提供了一种基于无线传感器网络技术的酿造过程监测设备。实现酿造过程中酿造数据和环境数据的实时采集;实现酿造数据和环境数据的无线网络的远程传输;支持实现对于酿造过程监测设备的远程控制。
在设计中,使用MSP430F149、CC2420、DS18B20和SHT11等芯片作为硬件基础,在我们实验室同学所设计的无线传感器网络通用节点基础上,设计出可应用与实际工程中的无线温湿度采集节点。节点对温湿度的采集、传输已经可以实现,可以很好的监控。一种新型的采集酿酒料堆温湿度的机械结构初步成型。搭建了基于TinyOS操作系统的温度采集软件平台。
Brewing is one of the necessary processes of production for the wine and medicine corporations. The technical parameters, such as the strict control of temperature and humidity, directly concern product quality. It is significant for the monitors to perceive the problems of quality in the processes of brewing and to solve the problems immediately. Accordingly, spot-check to finished product is meaningless. In a word, it is crucial to detect the process of brewing uninterruptedly.
Taking the control of brewing temperature as an example, the usual wired observation system is unpractical in respect that the range of operating and the working environment is restricted by the length of wire. Another shortcoming is that the fixed position determines the fixed quantity of bleeding points,which can not be enhanced facilely. The third disadvantage is that the cost of system expansion is expensive. Besides, the quantity of data collection is finite. Even so, lots of corporations are unable to adopt the wired observation system because of the abominable working environment and the corrosive liquid. The method these corporations customarily use is to engage veteran technicians who can experientially control the process of brewing by sight and touch of hands. Consequently, the situations mentioned above conduce to the qualitative instability, and to weaken the modernization of brewing.
In order to satisfy the modern corporations’factual needs of brewing, this project accomplish the thermostatic system which is designed for supervising the process of brewing, combining the techniques of wireless sensor network(WSN).
First of all, I will introduce the naissance and development of WSN, which can be divided into four periods:
The first generation of WSN adopts the traditional sensor which is able to receive simple informational signals. The network is made up of sensor and controller, which are connected by point-to-point transmission.
The second generation of WSN possesses the integrated abilities for receiving different kinds of informational signals. This sensor network can synthesize kinds of information, which is connected with the controller by series-wound and shunt-wound interfaces (e.g. RS232, RS485 unit).
The third generation of WSN emerged between the late 1990s’and the beginning of the 21century. The intelligent sensor network is a local area network, made up of an intelligent sensor receiving kinds of informational signals and connected with the controller by locale trunk line.
The fourth generation of WSN is being invented. This network is made up of many multifunctional sensors, which have abilities for receiving different kinds of informational signals, automatically connected with wireless network and linked with the controller of sensor network. The characteristics of this system are large-scale, dynamic, self-organizing, limitedly battery-conserving, redundancy, amalgamation of node code, dependability of network, data as linchpin, and so on.
Secondly, I will introduce the application of the WSN to military affairs, the public and academia. Besides, I will recommend the pivotal techniques of this network.
Based on these techniques, we are able to build up the hardware circumstance. In this project, I will interpret detailedly the principles of the system’s hardware framework and the design of this machine’s exterior. Furthermore, regarding to the environmental requirements of this project, I will design correspondingly the appropriate outer cover.
According to the circuit design, I will expatiate on the chipsets and their main functions, such as microcontroller MSP430F149, temperature sensor DS18B20, and temperature humidity sensor SHT11. Simultaneity, I will give a brief introduction on the voltage monitoring module MAX708s and resetting module 809.
I will give a detailed statement of the software adopted as designing in two chapters, concerning towards its significant and difficult roles in this project. In this part, in the first instance, I will expound the operating system TinyOS and nesC, which play important technical roles in this project. Moreover, there will be a detailed statement on closely mutual relationship among module, groupware, and interface. In the end of this part, I will deliver the main course of the software and the indispensable source program of C language with the intention of readers’deeper understanding on the working process of this system.
The main achievement of this thesis is scheming out a node gathering the thermometric information, based upon the principle of WSN. This frame can be used in uninterruptedly inspecting and controlling the surroundings of fermentation in the process of brewing. These techniques will be adopted by a wine corporation instantly.
The practice of manipulating according to the thesis provides the referenced value in the applications of temperature sensor and temperature humidity sensor to the WSN. Another achievement of this thesis is to present a primary template generalizing the utility of WSN.
Nevertheless, for the limit of time, there must be several mistakes in this thesis. Undoubtedly the design needs precise amelioration.
引文
[1] 胡大可. MSP430 系列超低功耗 16 位单片机原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.
[2] 孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[3] Holger Karl, Andress Willing 著. 邱天爽,唐洪等译. 无线传感器网络协议与体系结构[M].北京电子工业出版社,2007.
[4] 蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[5] 沈建华,杨艳琴等.MSP430 系列 16 位超低功耗的单片机原理应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[6] 秦龙.MSP430 单片机 C 语言应用程序设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[7] CC2420 Data Sheet.
[8] DS18B20 Data Sheet.
[9] 1-Wire Standard.
[10] TinyOS 中文手册.公司学习资料
[11] MSP430F149 Data Sheet.
[12] MAX708 Data Sheet.
[13] IMP809 Data Sheet
[14] 24Cxx Data Sheet. microchip 公司
[15] 1-wire 搜索算法. DALLAS 应用笔记 187
[16] 朱近康.无线传感器网络技术 2004 年十月《中兴通讯技术》增刊
[17] Manges W. It’s Time for Sensors to Go Wireless [J].Sensors Magazine, 1999,4-5
[18] Kahn J. Next Century Challenges. Mobile Networking for “Smart Dust”[C].Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking.1999.9
[19] 李钢,赵彦峰. 1-Wire 总线数字温度传感器 DS18B20 原理及应用[J].现代电子技术,2005,(21),77-79.
[20] Pottle G J.Wireless Integrated Network Sensors[J]. Communicationgs of ACM, 2000.5
[21] Akyildig IF.Wireless Sensor Networks: a Survey[J].ACM Computer Networks, 2002,4
[22] Estrin D. Next Century Challenges: Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks [C].Conference on Mobile Computing and Nerworking, 1999,9
[23] Akyildig IF. A Survey on Sensor Networks [J].IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002,8.
[24] 卢崇. 温度传感器节点的软硬件设计[M]. 西北工业大学 2007
[25] 张鹏,雄磊,姚东平.分辨率可编程的一线总线数字温度计 DS18B20 及其应用 电子产品世界 2002.2.B
[26] 徐金星.无线传感器网络研究与设计 浙江大学 2005
[27] 周波.低功耗无线传感器网络平台研究与实现 中国科技大学 2005
[28] 韩晓峰,王景青.利用串口实现 430flash 在线编程 电子技术
[30] 王清.分布式温度监测及管理系统 东南大学硕士学位论文
[31] 孙霞.多路高精度温度监测系统 山东科技大学硕士学位论文
[32] http://www.tinyos.net
[33] 池之恒.Protel DXP 电路原理图与电路板设计教程[M] 北京,海洋出版社 2004
[34] 谭浩强.C 程序设计[M] 北京 清华大学出版社 2003
[35] Philip Levis. TinyOS Programming[M]. 2006
[36] Xia,Dawei. Near-optimal node clustering in wireless sensor networks for environment monitoring[M]. York University (Canada).2006
[37] 徐伟林.多功能环境参数精密监测系统的研制 浙江大学 2005
[38] 郭涛.带 IIC 总线的数字式智能温湿度传感器 SHT11 设计参考 电子元器件应用 2006 年 03 期
[39] 冯显英,葛荣雨.基于数字温湿度传感器 SHT11 的温湿度测控系统 自动化仪表 2006 年 01 期
[40] 孟臣,李敏,李爱传.IIC 总线数字式温湿度传感器 SHT11 及其在单片机系统的应用 国外电子元器件 2004 年 02 期
[2] 孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[3] Holger Karl, Andress Willing 著. 邱天爽,唐洪等译. 无线传感器网络协议与体系结构[M].北京电子工业出版社,2007.
[4] 蒋挺,赵成林.紫蜂技术及其应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[5] 沈建华,杨艳琴等.MSP430 系列 16 位超低功耗的单片机原理应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[6] 秦龙.MSP430 单片机 C 语言应用程序设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[7] CC2420 Data Sheet.
[8] DS18B20 Data Sheet.
[9] 1-Wire Standard.
[10] TinyOS 中文手册.公司学习资料
[11] MSP430F149 Data Sheet.
[12] MAX708 Data Sheet.
[13] IMP809 Data Sheet
[14] 24Cxx Data Sheet. microchip 公司
[15] 1-wire 搜索算法. DALLAS 应用笔记 187
[16] 朱近康.无线传感器网络技术 2004 年十月《中兴通讯技术》增刊
[17] Manges W. It’s Time for Sensors to Go Wireless [J].Sensors Magazine, 1999,4-5
[18] Kahn J. Next Century Challenges. Mobile Networking for “Smart Dust”[C].Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking.1999.9
[19] 李钢,赵彦峰. 1-Wire 总线数字温度传感器 DS18B20 原理及应用[J].现代电子技术,2005,(21),77-79.
[20] Pottle G J.Wireless Integrated Network Sensors[J]. Communicationgs of ACM, 2000.5
[21] Akyildig IF.Wireless Sensor Networks: a Survey[J].ACM Computer Networks, 2002,4
[22] Estrin D. Next Century Challenges: Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks [C].Conference on Mobile Computing and Nerworking, 1999,9
[23] Akyildig IF. A Survey on Sensor Networks [J].IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002,8.
[24] 卢崇. 温度传感器节点的软硬件设计[M]. 西北工业大学 2007
[25] 张鹏,雄磊,姚东平.分辨率可编程的一线总线数字温度计 DS18B20 及其应用 电子产品世界 2002.2.B
[26] 徐金星.无线传感器网络研究与设计 浙江大学 2005
[27] 周波.低功耗无线传感器网络平台研究与实现 中国科技大学 2005
[28] 韩晓峰,王景青.利用串口实现 430flash 在线编程 电子技术
[30] 王清.分布式温度监测及管理系统 东南大学硕士学位论文
[31] 孙霞.多路高精度温度监测系统 山东科技大学硕士学位论文
[32] http://www.tinyos.net
[33] 池之恒.Protel DXP 电路原理图与电路板设计教程[M] 北京,海洋出版社 2004
[34] 谭浩强.C 程序设计[M] 北京 清华大学出版社 2003
[35] Philip Levis. TinyOS Programming[M]. 2006
[36] Xia,Dawei. Near-optimal node clustering in wireless sensor networks for environment monitoring[M]. York University (Canada).2006
[37] 徐伟林.多功能环境参数精密监测系统的研制 浙江大学 2005
[38] 郭涛.带 IIC 总线的数字式智能温湿度传感器 SHT11 设计参考 电子元器件应用 2006 年 03 期
[39] 冯显英,葛荣雨.基于数字温湿度传感器 SHT11 的温湿度测控系统 自动化仪表 2006 年 01 期
[40] 孟臣,李敏,李爱传.IIC 总线数字式温湿度传感器 SHT11 及其在单片机系统的应用 国外电子元器件 2004 年 02 期