C/S与B/S集成模型在灌区量水监测系统中的应用研究
摘要
目前,国家水利部门为了提升灌区量水信息的监测能力,以适应我国农业灌溉用水不断扩大的需求,各灌区水利部门已经开始采用基于B/S或者C/S的量水无线自动采集软件来对各个灌溉区域监测点进行数据的采集及辅助管理。基于B/S模式监测系统的优势在于能够实现系统维护和管理、操作简单以及数据信息共享性较强,并可使分散较广的监测站点实现数据的共享浏览。但是,基于这种模式开发的系统扩展能力差,难以实现系统与传感器及通讯模块之间的信息传递；另外,系统稳定性及数据处理能力较差,难以实现对数据的有效处理和利用。基于C/S模式监测系统的优势在于能够实现快速的系统响应、通讯功能较强、全面的数据处理,以及可以在局域网内部实现数据共享和数据高效利用。然而,这种模式开发的系统灵活性较差,难以实现外部站点对数据的浏览请求,而且安装、维护、调试等较为麻烦,成本较高。
由此看来,如何根据B/S和C/S这两种模式的特点,集成这两种模式运用于新的监测系统。采用B/S和C/S的集成模型开发的监测系统可以使系统与采集模块之间进行无线通信,实现量水数据的无线采集以及存储,为水利部门及灌区用户提供了数据支持,并运用可视化图表等对数据进行相关处理,为其用水调度和合理灌溉提供决策支持。
针对灌区监测点当前的环境特点及用户和管理者的需求,作者以GPRS无线通信技术及B/S和C/S两种软件开发模式为理论支持,利用Delphi7、ASP.Net开发平台和Office Access数据库平台为技术基础,研究并开发了基于B/S和C/S集成模型的灌区量水监测系统,实现了量水信息的自动触发采集、基于B/S的外部数据浏览、基于C/S的低功耗数据采集,并对采集数据进行可视化处理,最终为管理部门提供决策支持。
作者在论文中主要从以下方面进行了详细的研究：
1.对无线传输技术进行了深入的研究,详细分析了灌区数据采集传输的特点,介绍了在传统的光纤传输、电台传输中存在着应用成本较高、数据精度较低的问题,并提出采用GPRS作为无线采集的数据传输方法来解决以上问题。
2.详细分析B/S和C/S两种软件开发模式,结合两种模式的优点,提出了B/S和C/S集成模型的软件开发新模式。
3.分析了该系统的整体架构,以模块化设计理念为基础进行了该系统功能划分。
4.研究基于B/S和C/S集成模型的灌区量水监测系统的软件结构及其各子系统的功能和组成,并通过编程语言实现系统的功能；经过运行测试表明,该系统B/S和C/S的数据浏览模式稳定、可靠,间隔的数据采集方式省电、成本低。
At present, in order to improve irrigation information monitoring capacity to meet the growing demand for the irrigation, the national water sector has collected and managed the data automatically at irrigation monitoring points based on B/S or C/S model by means of the wireless software. The system based on B/S model has the advantages of easy maintenance, convenient management and sharing information which can be time-scanned at every irrigation monitoring point. However, the expansion capacity of the system based on this model is very poor and it is difficult to transmit information between the sensors and communication modules in the system. In addition, the stability and data processing capability of the system is also poor and the system data can not be processed and utilized efficiently. The advantage of the system based on C/S model is rapid response, strong communication, and comprehensive data processing, data sharing and efficient application within the LAN. But the flexibility of the system adopted this model is very poor, and it is difficult for users to get data browsing request from external sites. And its installation, maintenance and test are more cumbersome, and its cost of the operations is very high.
In this case, it is the key technology to integrate the models of B/S and C/S for the monitoring system. Wireless communications between the system and acquisition modules can be realized, its data collection and storage can be realized too. Moreover, these visual diagrams and charts can be used to support reasonable decision for irrigation water sector. In order to satisfy the requests of users and current environment, the author provides the water monitoring system for the irrigation based on the integrated modes of B/S and C/S with GPRS wireless and other communication technologies. By means of Delphi7, ASP.Net development platform and Office Access database platform, automatic information collection, external scanning, visual data management and low-power data acquisition can be realized in this system. It can be used to support reasonable decision for irrigation water sector.
The main works done by the author include following items:
1. Wireless transmission technology is studied, and the transmission characteristics of irrigated area are analyzed. The problems (i.e. high cost and low precision) existed in the traditional optical fiber transmission and radio transmission are presented. To apply GPRS for data transmission, above problems can be solved effectively.
2. Software developing systems based on the B/S and C/S model are analyzed, and combining their advantages, the integrated model is proposed.
3. Whole architecture of the system is analyzed, and then according to modular. design concept, the function modes of the system are divided.
4. Based on the integrated models of B/S and C/S, the software architecture of the irrigation district water monitoring system is studied, the functions and compositions of its subsystems are analyzed, and these functions are realized by programming language. The testing results show that the data browsing mode in the system of B/S and C/S is stable and reliable; the interval method of data collection can be used with save power and low cost.
由此看来,如何根据B/S和C/S这两种模式的特点,集成这两种模式运用于新的监测系统。采用B/S和C/S的集成模型开发的监测系统可以使系统与采集模块之间进行无线通信,实现量水数据的无线采集以及存储,为水利部门及灌区用户提供了数据支持,并运用可视化图表等对数据进行相关处理,为其用水调度和合理灌溉提供决策支持。
针对灌区监测点当前的环境特点及用户和管理者的需求,作者以GPRS无线通信技术及B/S和C/S两种软件开发模式为理论支持,利用Delphi7、ASP.Net开发平台和Office Access数据库平台为技术基础,研究并开发了基于B/S和C/S集成模型的灌区量水监测系统,实现了量水信息的自动触发采集、基于B/S的外部数据浏览、基于C/S的低功耗数据采集,并对采集数据进行可视化处理,最终为管理部门提供决策支持。
作者在论文中主要从以下方面进行了详细的研究：
1.对无线传输技术进行了深入的研究,详细分析了灌区数据采集传输的特点,介绍了在传统的光纤传输、电台传输中存在着应用成本较高、数据精度较低的问题,并提出采用GPRS作为无线采集的数据传输方法来解决以上问题。
2.详细分析B/S和C/S两种软件开发模式,结合两种模式的优点,提出了B/S和C/S集成模型的软件开发新模式。
3.分析了该系统的整体架构,以模块化设计理念为基础进行了该系统功能划分。
4.研究基于B/S和C/S集成模型的灌区量水监测系统的软件结构及其各子系统的功能和组成,并通过编程语言实现系统的功能；经过运行测试表明,该系统B/S和C/S的数据浏览模式稳定、可靠,间隔的数据采集方式省电、成本低。
At present, in order to improve irrigation information monitoring capacity to meet the growing demand for the irrigation, the national water sector has collected and managed the data automatically at irrigation monitoring points based on B/S or C/S model by means of the wireless software. The system based on B/S model has the advantages of easy maintenance, convenient management and sharing information which can be time-scanned at every irrigation monitoring point. However, the expansion capacity of the system based on this model is very poor and it is difficult to transmit information between the sensors and communication modules in the system. In addition, the stability and data processing capability of the system is also poor and the system data can not be processed and utilized efficiently. The advantage of the system based on C/S model is rapid response, strong communication, and comprehensive data processing, data sharing and efficient application within the LAN. But the flexibility of the system adopted this model is very poor, and it is difficult for users to get data browsing request from external sites. And its installation, maintenance and test are more cumbersome, and its cost of the operations is very high.
In this case, it is the key technology to integrate the models of B/S and C/S for the monitoring system. Wireless communications between the system and acquisition modules can be realized, its data collection and storage can be realized too. Moreover, these visual diagrams and charts can be used to support reasonable decision for irrigation water sector. In order to satisfy the requests of users and current environment, the author provides the water monitoring system for the irrigation based on the integrated modes of B/S and C/S with GPRS wireless and other communication technologies. By means of Delphi7, ASP.Net development platform and Office Access database platform, automatic information collection, external scanning, visual data management and low-power data acquisition can be realized in this system. It can be used to support reasonable decision for irrigation water sector.
The main works done by the author include following items:
1. Wireless transmission technology is studied, and the transmission characteristics of irrigated area are analyzed. The problems (i.e. high cost and low precision) existed in the traditional optical fiber transmission and radio transmission are presented. To apply GPRS for data transmission, above problems can be solved effectively.
2. Software developing systems based on the B/S and C/S model are analyzed, and combining their advantages, the integrated model is proposed.
3. Whole architecture of the system is analyzed, and then according to modular. design concept, the function modes of the system are divided.
4. Based on the integrated models of B/S and C/S, the software architecture of the irrigation district water monitoring system is studied, the functions and compositions of its subsystems are analyzed, and these functions are realized by programming language. The testing results show that the data browsing mode in the system of B/S and C/S is stable and reliable; the interval method of data collection can be used with save power and low cost.
引文
[1]Zhang Wenxiao;Gao Guodong;Mu Guanyu. Sea water temperature auto-monitoring system based on general packet radio service (GPRS). Agricultural science & technology,2006
[2]Xiangzhong Zeng Gang Liu. Gprs applicationy in embedded data acquisition system [C]. Progress of information technology in agriculture,2005
[3]Yanbo Zhao, Zhaohui Ye. A low cost GSM/GPRS based wireless home security system[J]. Consumer Electronics, May 2008,54(2):567-572
[4]Jean Dominique, Decotignie. Ethernet-Based Real-Time and Industrial Communications [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, June 2005,93(2):1102-1117
[5]C.S.Koukourlis,S.K.Spyridakis.On the design of a fleet monitoring system with reduced power consumption[J],Electrical Engineering,2002,84(4):203-210
[6]Haung YR,Lin YB.A Software Architecture for GPRS Session Management.Wireless Communication&Mobile Computing.2002(5):57-66
[7]Dai Juan,Wang Jing,Zhu Xiaofeng.An Aggregate Manager for Water Meter Am Meter and Gas Meter.Electronic Engineer,2001(7):37-39
[8]Zhang Yong-qiang,Zhao Ji-chun,Wu Ning.Design and Realization of Embedded Image Tranmission System Based on GPRS.Proceedings of the International Conference,2006(11):39-46
[9]Allocation in GPRS Networks.IEEE Communication Engineering,2002:1461-1465
[10]Haung YR,Lin YB.A Software Architecture for GPRS Session Management.Wireless Communication&Mobile Computing.2002(5):57-66
[11]Lim Tai Ching,H.K.Garg.Designing sms applications for public transport service system in Singapore[C],8th International Conference on Communication Systems,2002,(2):706-710
[12]NetMotion Mobility.A VPN Solution for GPRS Networks[Z].USA:Netmotion Wireless Inc,2003
[13]Alex J,Jumar U,Schutze M.On-line measurement data of wastewater systems via WAP mobile phones Review[J],Water Science and Technology,2003,47(2):205-211
[14]NetMotion Mobility.A VPN Solution for GPRS Networks[Z].USA:Netmotion Wireless Inc,2003
[15]陈曼萍。石头河水库灌区末级渠系运行管理存在问题与对策[J]。杨凌职业技术学院学报,2009年第8卷总第3期
[16]王婧。关于灌区末级渠系工程改造的思考[J]。山西水利科技,2009年第2期
[17]王生全。兴电灌区末级渠系施行终端水价的探索与实践[M]。中国水利,5006年第20期
[18]胡科,蔡方凯,胡蓉.基于GPRS数据传输智能终端的实现[J].电讯技术,2003,43(5)：117-119
[19]史建民等.RS-232串口设备远程通讯功能的实现[J].起重运输机械,2003(6)：30-32
[20]黄琪,黄卜夫.基于C/S体系结构的集装箱MIS系统设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,3：211-212
[21]钱江鹏,杨杰,王晓东,解征帆。GPRS全自动水位流量监测系统的设计与应用[R]。全国地下水资源与环境学术研讨会：2005
[22]张会文,李素敏。石津灌区实施末级渠系改造及农业水价综合改革的认识与思考。中国水利,2009年第16期
[23]陈崇德,陈晓东,周莉。漳河水库灌区灌溉管理现状结构分析[J]。中国水利,2008年第9期
[24]胡雪良,刘岚。全面创新建设管理机制提高末级渠系改造效益[J]。中国农村水利水电,2007年第9期
[25]周跃,徐磊,刘杨。济阳县邢家波灌区末级渠系改造建设情况与效益分析[J]。山东水利,2009年第10期
[26]马喜东。人民胜利渠灌区末级渠系的管理研究[J]。人民黄河,2007年第12期
[27]曹淑君,田晓瑞,王勇。茌平县末级渠系节水改造试点工程效益分析[M]。山东水利,200年第8期
[28]万国峰,曹永春。基于GPRS的无线煤矿监测监控系统设计[J]。中国科技信息,2007年第19期：114-115
[29]程小舟,胡平,汪昭乾。基于GPRS技术的分布式数据监视系统在选矿厂的应用[J]。矿业快报,2008年11月第11期总第475期：88-90
[30]吕宏兴,尚小林,徐宏伟.渠灌区灌溉管理信息化发展模式探讨[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2003,(31)：209-212.
[31]王昱.灌区计划用水管理信息系统的设计与实现[M].上海交通大学出版社.1999.416
[32]杜成珠,周慧茹.移动数据通信技术比较[J].现代电视技术,2003,(2)
[33]曹卫,董航飞,李宗宝。GPRS技术在水利监测系统中的应用[D]。排灌机械,2007年第5期
[34]郭泽辰。基于GPRS的远程自动水文监测网络[D]。电力系统通信,2004年第8期
[35]李惠鹏。GPRS在水文遥测中的应用[J]。人民长江,2006年第8期
[36]祁善军,周腊吾,宋文娟等。基于GPRS的水文遥测终端机设计[D]。计算机测量与控制,2009年第3期
[37]熊世恒,袁熙,朱宇峰。基于CDMA/GPRS的DF1协议通讯驱动的开发[J]。贵州教育学院学报,2007年第4期孙永松,叶飞跃。动态数据复制在分布式信息系统中的应用[J]。现代计算机,2008年6月总第285期：147-149
[38]卢湘鸿编著。Access数据库技术应用[M]。北京：清华大学出版社,2007年2月
[39]贺利坚,李茹,谭瑛编著。数据库技术与应用[M]。北京：中国宇航出版社,2002年7月第1版
[40]刘先锋,羊四清编著。数据库系统原理与应用[M]。武汉：武汉大学出版社,2005年6 月第1版
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[43]陈灿煌编著。Delphi电子商务网站建构实务[M]。北京：中国铁道出版社,2001年7月
[2]Xiangzhong Zeng Gang Liu. Gprs applicationy in embedded data acquisition system [C]. Progress of information technology in agriculture,2005
[3]Yanbo Zhao, Zhaohui Ye. A low cost GSM/GPRS based wireless home security system[J]. Consumer Electronics, May 2008,54(2):567-572
[4]Jean Dominique, Decotignie. Ethernet-Based Real-Time and Industrial Communications [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, June 2005,93(2):1102-1117
[5]C.S.Koukourlis,S.K.Spyridakis.On the design of a fleet monitoring system with reduced power consumption[J],Electrical Engineering,2002,84(4):203-210
[6]Haung YR,Lin YB.A Software Architecture for GPRS Session Management.Wireless Communication&Mobile Computing.2002(5):57-66
[7]Dai Juan,Wang Jing,Zhu Xiaofeng.An Aggregate Manager for Water Meter Am Meter and Gas Meter.Electronic Engineer,2001(7):37-39
[8]Zhang Yong-qiang,Zhao Ji-chun,Wu Ning.Design and Realization of Embedded Image Tranmission System Based on GPRS.Proceedings of the International Conference,2006(11):39-46
[9]Allocation in GPRS Networks.IEEE Communication Engineering,2002:1461-1465
[10]Haung YR,Lin YB.A Software Architecture for GPRS Session Management.Wireless Communication&Mobile Computing.2002(5):57-66
[11]Lim Tai Ching,H.K.Garg.Designing sms applications for public transport service system in Singapore[C],8th International Conference on Communication Systems,2002,(2):706-710
[12]NetMotion Mobility.A VPN Solution for GPRS Networks[Z].USA:Netmotion Wireless Inc,2003
[13]Alex J,Jumar U,Schutze M.On-line measurement data of wastewater systems via WAP mobile phones Review[J],Water Science and Technology,2003,47(2):205-211
[14]NetMotion Mobility.A VPN Solution for GPRS Networks[Z].USA:Netmotion Wireless Inc,2003
[15]陈曼萍。石头河水库灌区末级渠系运行管理存在问题与对策[J]。杨凌职业技术学院学报,2009年第8卷总第3期
[16]王婧。关于灌区末级渠系工程改造的思考[J]。山西水利科技,2009年第2期
[17]王生全。兴电灌区末级渠系施行终端水价的探索与实践[M]。中国水利,5006年第20期
[18]胡科,蔡方凯,胡蓉.基于GPRS数据传输智能终端的实现[J].电讯技术,2003,43(5)：117-119
[19]史建民等.RS-232串口设备远程通讯功能的实现[J].起重运输机械,2003(6)：30-32
[20]黄琪,黄卜夫.基于C/S体系结构的集装箱MIS系统设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,3：211-212
[21]钱江鹏,杨杰,王晓东,解征帆。GPRS全自动水位流量监测系统的设计与应用[R]。全国地下水资源与环境学术研讨会：2005
[22]张会文,李素敏。石津灌区实施末级渠系改造及农业水价综合改革的认识与思考。中国水利,2009年第16期
[23]陈崇德,陈晓东,周莉。漳河水库灌区灌溉管理现状结构分析[J]。中国水利,2008年第9期
[24]胡雪良,刘岚。全面创新建设管理机制提高末级渠系改造效益[J]。中国农村水利水电,2007年第9期
[25]周跃,徐磊,刘杨。济阳县邢家波灌区末级渠系改造建设情况与效益分析[J]。山东水利,2009年第10期
[26]马喜东。人民胜利渠灌区末级渠系的管理研究[J]。人民黄河,2007年第12期
[27]曹淑君,田晓瑞,王勇。茌平县末级渠系节水改造试点工程效益分析[M]。山东水利,200年第8期
[28]万国峰,曹永春。基于GPRS的无线煤矿监测监控系统设计[J]。中国科技信息,2007年第19期：114-115
[29]程小舟,胡平,汪昭乾。基于GPRS技术的分布式数据监视系统在选矿厂的应用[J]。矿业快报,2008年11月第11期总第475期：88-90
[30]吕宏兴,尚小林,徐宏伟.渠灌区灌溉管理信息化发展模式探讨[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2003,(31)：209-212.
[31]王昱.灌区计划用水管理信息系统的设计与实现[M].上海交通大学出版社.1999.416
[32]杜成珠,周慧茹.移动数据通信技术比较[J].现代电视技术,2003,(2)
[33]曹卫,董航飞,李宗宝。GPRS技术在水利监测系统中的应用[D]。排灌机械,2007年第5期
[34]郭泽辰。基于GPRS的远程自动水文监测网络[D]。电力系统通信,2004年第8期
[35]李惠鹏。GPRS在水文遥测中的应用[J]。人民长江,2006年第8期
[36]祁善军,周腊吾,宋文娟等。基于GPRS的水文遥测终端机设计[D]。计算机测量与控制,2009年第3期
[37]熊世恒,袁熙,朱宇峰。基于CDMA/GPRS的DF1协议通讯驱动的开发[J]。贵州教育学院学报,2007年第4期孙永松,叶飞跃。动态数据复制在分布式信息系统中的应用[J]。现代计算机,2008年6月总第285期：147-149
[38]卢湘鸿编著。Access数据库技术应用[M]。北京：清华大学出版社,2007年2月
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