裂隙岩体热流模型研究
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摘要
裂隙岩体的渗流状态对工程安全起着举足轻重的作用。本文在阅读国内外大量文献的基础上，详细分析了裂隙岩体中相互影响的渗流场和温度场的分布特征，建立了能真实反映裂隙岩体温度和渗流分布的裂隙岩体热流模型。基于流体力学和传热学的基本原理，分析了平板裂隙渗流和圆柱形通道渗漏两种情况下整个裂隙岩体的温度分布特征，讨论了流量、流体与岩体温差等因素对裂隙岩体温度场分布的影响，根据现场温度场分布，推导出裂隙内的渗流量、等效水力隙宽等渗流场参数，如此实现：采集大量现场温度数据→总结温度分布特征→反演现场裂隙水流通量、等效水力隙宽等水文地质参数，从而实现利用温度场探漏的目的。最后，结合具体工程实例，验证了模型的正确性。本文主要工作如下：
(1)分析了裂隙岩体的温度场、渗流场分布特征以及相互影响。大裂隙或断裂在渗流区域中起主要导水作用，直接影响温度场的分布，而低温水流的加入使整个地区形成以裂隙为最低温度面，形状近似平行于裂隙分布的温度场。
(2)建立了平板裂隙热流模型。针对裂隙岩体中裂隙对渗流的主控作用，借鉴了单裂隙平行板模型，考虑了对流换热，根据动量守恒、质量守恒和能量守恒定律建立了平板裂隙热流模型，并分别进行了稳态和瞬态下的一维和二维建模与求解。
(3)建立了圆柱形渗漏通道热流模型。根据裂隙岩体地区现场实测的渗漏通道有许多为圆柱形这一情况，类比平行板热流模型，建立了圆柱形渗漏通道热流模型，借助数学物理方法对模型进行求解，得到稳态、瞬态热流模型下的一维和二维解析解。
(4)结合工程实践，应用所建立的数学模型对工程中的渗流场分布以及相应的水文地质参数进行计算分析，并与通过现场试验结果对比，验证了模型的正确性。
Leakage is one of the important factors that influence the safety of project in fractured rock mass areas. Based on the study of extensive domestic and foreign literature, the distribution characteristics of seepage field and temperature field is studied, and the heat-fluid model which can reflect seepage and temperature distribution of fractured rock mass objectively is established. According to the fundamental of fluid mechanic and thermal conduction, the temperature distribution characteristic of flat-slab and column seepage in rock mass areas is analyzed. Besides, some influence factors, such as amount of seepage, temperature difference between fluid and rock et al are discussed. Therefore, seepage volume, equivalent hydraulic aperture could be calculated by spot temperature data. At last, a case is given, which confirm the validity of such theory. The major contents are as follows:
(1) The distribution and interrelation between seepage field and temperature field are analysed. Big fracture and fault play an important role in water conducting within the whole seepage areas, which dominate the distribution of temperature field. Due to the entering of low temperature water, fracture became the lowest temperature plane of the whole temperature field with the isotherm parallelling to fracture strike.
(2) Profits from parallel plate model in fracture seepage, a parallel plate Heat-fluid model is established. Considering the seepage dominate effect of fracture, and convective heat transfer, based on momentum conservation, mass conservation and energy conservation, a 1D and 2D model under steady and transient state is established respectively, then the solution of each model is performed.
(3) Compared with the parallel plate Heat-fluid model, a columniform Heat-fluid model was established. There are also many columniform leakage passages in fracture mass areas based on field information, so it is necessary to set up a columniform Heat-fluid model, which also including 1D and 2D model under steady and transient state. The analytical solutions of those models are calculated by means of mathematical physical method.
(4) Combining with the construction practice, the model is applied to study the leakage field distribution, to calculate the hydrogeology parameters. The result is near to field test results, which confirm the correctness of model.
(1)分析了裂隙岩体的温度场、渗流场分布特征以及相互影响。大裂隙或断裂在渗流区域中起主要导水作用，直接影响温度场的分布，而低温水流的加入使整个地区形成以裂隙为最低温度面，形状近似平行于裂隙分布的温度场。
(2)建立了平板裂隙热流模型。针对裂隙岩体中裂隙对渗流的主控作用，借鉴了单裂隙平行板模型，考虑了对流换热，根据动量守恒、质量守恒和能量守恒定律建立了平板裂隙热流模型，并分别进行了稳态和瞬态下的一维和二维建模与求解。
(3)建立了圆柱形渗漏通道热流模型。根据裂隙岩体地区现场实测的渗漏通道有许多为圆柱形这一情况，类比平行板热流模型，建立了圆柱形渗漏通道热流模型，借助数学物理方法对模型进行求解，得到稳态、瞬态热流模型下的一维和二维解析解。
(4)结合工程实践，应用所建立的数学模型对工程中的渗流场分布以及相应的水文地质参数进行计算分析，并与通过现场试验结果对比，验证了模型的正确性。
Leakage is one of the important factors that influence the safety of project in fractured rock mass areas. Based on the study of extensive domestic and foreign literature, the distribution characteristics of seepage field and temperature field is studied, and the heat-fluid model which can reflect seepage and temperature distribution of fractured rock mass objectively is established. According to the fundamental of fluid mechanic and thermal conduction, the temperature distribution characteristic of flat-slab and column seepage in rock mass areas is analyzed. Besides, some influence factors, such as amount of seepage, temperature difference between fluid and rock et al are discussed. Therefore, seepage volume, equivalent hydraulic aperture could be calculated by spot temperature data. At last, a case is given, which confirm the validity of such theory. The major contents are as follows:
(1) The distribution and interrelation between seepage field and temperature field are analysed. Big fracture and fault play an important role in water conducting within the whole seepage areas, which dominate the distribution of temperature field. Due to the entering of low temperature water, fracture became the lowest temperature plane of the whole temperature field with the isotherm parallelling to fracture strike.
(2) Profits from parallel plate model in fracture seepage, a parallel plate Heat-fluid model is established. Considering the seepage dominate effect of fracture, and convective heat transfer, based on momentum conservation, mass conservation and energy conservation, a 1D and 2D model under steady and transient state is established respectively, then the solution of each model is performed.
(3) Compared with the parallel plate Heat-fluid model, a columniform Heat-fluid model was established. There are also many columniform leakage passages in fracture mass areas based on field information, so it is necessary to set up a columniform Heat-fluid model, which also including 1D and 2D model under steady and transient state. The analytical solutions of those models are calculated by means of mathematical physical method.
(4) Combining with the construction practice, the model is applied to study the leakage field distribution, to calculate the hydrogeology parameters. The result is near to field test results, which confirm the correctness of model.
引文
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