四种菜籽饼粕在草鱼饲料中的应用研究
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摘要
本论文以初均重为(40.4±2.4)g的草鱼为研究对象,在实用饲料配方模式下,选用国产菜粕、印度菜粕、加拿大菜粕、冷生榨菜饼分别设计23.0%和34.5% 2个添加水平共8个试验配方并保持各配方的蛋白、脂肪、能量一致,每一配方加工成硬颗粒饲料和膨化饲料,共16种试验饲料;将试验草鱼随机分为16组,每组设3个平行,于48个网箱中进行养殖试验,养殖周期为62天。养殖结束后对草鱼的生长速度、饲料效率、形体指标、鱼体组成、部分生理生化指标、氨基酸组成等进行分析,探讨4种菜籽饼粕在草鱼饲料中应用的可选择性、安全性和实际应用效果。
试验结果表明:4种菜籽饼粕硬颗粒饲料试验组草鱼的特定生长率为1.68～2.00%/d,饲料系数为1.35～1.59,除冷生榨菜饼I组与印度菜粕Ⅱ组显著高于其他试验组外(P<0.05),其余各组无显著性差异(P>0.05) ;膨化饲料试验组草鱼的特定生长率为1.56～2.00%/d,饲料系数为1.39～1.72,国产菜粕膨化I组与加拿大菜粕膨化I组的生长速度显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。4种菜籽饼粕的硬颗粒饲料和膨化饲料对草鱼血清的GLU、CHO、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、CRE、DAO活力及D-乳酸含量等均无显著影响(P>0.05),但对GOT、GPT、T-SOD、LSZ、MDA、GSH-PX活力及血红蛋白含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。各试验饲料与其相对应试验组的草鱼全鱼、肌肉、肝胰脏的氨基酸相关系数均在0.87～0.95之间,无显著差异(P>0.05);各试验组草鱼的血清、肌肉、全鱼游离氨基酸组成与对应饲料的氨基酸组成的相关性均不强,但不同试验组之间草鱼的同一器官组织的游离氨基酸组成的相关系数均在0.9以上。
由以上结果可知: 4种菜籽饼粕均可用于草鱼饲料中,国产菜粕、加拿大菜粕添加水平为23.0%,加工成膨化饲料时更有利于草鱼的生长;冷生榨菜饼添加量为23.0%,加工成硬颗粒饲料时,草鱼的生长效果最好;印度菜粕添加水平为34.5%,加工成硬颗粒饲料时,草鱼的生长速度最快。同一饲料配方下,国产菜粕、加拿大菜粕加工成膨化饲料时更有利于草鱼的生长;冷生榨菜饼加工成硬颗粒饲料效果更好;印度菜粕添加量为23.0%时,膨化饲料优于硬颗粒饲料,添加量为34.5%时,硬颗粒饲料优于膨化饲料。4种菜籽饼粕在草鱼饲料中的使用不会显著影响草鱼全鱼、肌肉、肝胰脏的氨基酸组成;各试验组间的草鱼的同一器官组织的游离氨基酸组成模式基本一致,处于相对稳定的状态。
The initial average body weight (40.4±2.4) g of grass carp as the research object model in a practical diet formulation, this experiment chose the Chinese rapeseed meal, cold-pressed rapeseed cake, Indian rapeseed meal and canola meal, designed two added levels between 23.0% and 34.5% while the levels of protein, fat and energy were consistently, altogether 8 experimental groups. Each formula was made by two different feed processing methods into expanded feed and hard pellet, and there were 16 tests in total. Grass carps were divided into 16 groups randomly; each group had 3 parallel tests. Grass carps were fed in net cage for 62 days.After the breeding of grass carp, the growth rate, feed efficiency, body index, body composition, physiological and biochemical indicators, and amino acid composition quantitatively compared and analyzed, then discussed four kinds of rapeseed meal in the application of grass carp feed optional , safety, and practical applications.
The results showed that: the specific growth rate of grass carp bred with four kinds of rapeseed cake meal hard pellets was 1.68 ~ 2.00% / d, the FCR was 1.35 ~ 1.59, in addition to the cold-pressed rapeseed cake group I and the Indian rapeseed meal groupⅡwere significantly higher than other groups, the rest was no significant difference between each other (P > 0.05); the SGR of grass carp bred with extruded feed pellets was 1.56 ~ 2.00% / d, the FCR was 1.39 ~ 1.72, the growth rate of China rapeseed meal puffed feedstuff in Group I and the Canadian rapeseed meal puffed feedstuff in Group I were significantly higher than the other test groups (P < 0.05). The four kinds of rapeseed meals in hard pellets and extruded feed pellets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on GLU, CHO, TG, TP, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRE, DAO, D-lactic acid and other biochemical parameters, but the GOT, GPT, T-SOD, LSZ, MDA, GSH-PX and blood hemoglobin had significant effects(P <0.05). The amino acids correlation coefficients of the experimental diets and the whole fish, muscle, hepatopancreas of their corresponding experimental groups were between 0.87 to 0.95, had not significantly different(P > 0.05), The correlation coefficients of free amino acids between the experimental diets and grass carp serum, muscle, whole fish were not strongly correlated. However, the correlation coefficient of free amino acids which was the same organs and tissues of grass carp in different experimental groups were more than 0.9.
These results show that: 4 rapeseed meals can be used for grass carp feed, Chinese rapeseed meal and canola meal could be more conducive to the growth of grass carp when added the level of 23.0% in grass carp feed and processed into extruded feed; cold-pressed rapeseed cake could get the best growth of grass carp when added the level of 23.0% in grass carp feed and processed into hard pellets feed; Indian rapeseed meal could get the best growth of grass carp when added the level of 34.5% and processed into hard pellets feed. In the same feed formula, Chinese rapeseed meal and canola meal could be more conducive to the growth of grass carp when processed into extruded feed; cold-pressed rapeseed cake processed into hard pellets feed, the growth of grass carp was better; the addition level of Indian rapeseed meal was 23.0%, the extruded feed was better than hard pellets, while the addition level of Indian rapeseed meal was 34.5%, the hard pellets feed was better. Four kinds of rapeseed meals in grass feed did not significantly affect the amino acid composition of grass carp whole fish, muscle, hepatopancreas. The compositional patterns of free amino acids in the same organs and tissues was relatively stable in different experimental diets.
试验结果表明:4种菜籽饼粕硬颗粒饲料试验组草鱼的特定生长率为1.68～2.00%/d,饲料系数为1.35～1.59,除冷生榨菜饼I组与印度菜粕Ⅱ组显著高于其他试验组外(P<0.05),其余各组无显著性差异(P>0.05) ;膨化饲料试验组草鱼的特定生长率为1.56～2.00%/d,饲料系数为1.39～1.72,国产菜粕膨化I组与加拿大菜粕膨化I组的生长速度显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05)。4种菜籽饼粕的硬颗粒饲料和膨化饲料对草鱼血清的GLU、CHO、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、CRE、DAO活力及D-乳酸含量等均无显著影响(P>0.05),但对GOT、GPT、T-SOD、LSZ、MDA、GSH-PX活力及血红蛋白含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。各试验饲料与其相对应试验组的草鱼全鱼、肌肉、肝胰脏的氨基酸相关系数均在0.87～0.95之间,无显著差异(P>0.05);各试验组草鱼的血清、肌肉、全鱼游离氨基酸组成与对应饲料的氨基酸组成的相关性均不强,但不同试验组之间草鱼的同一器官组织的游离氨基酸组成的相关系数均在0.9以上。
由以上结果可知: 4种菜籽饼粕均可用于草鱼饲料中,国产菜粕、加拿大菜粕添加水平为23.0%,加工成膨化饲料时更有利于草鱼的生长;冷生榨菜饼添加量为23.0%,加工成硬颗粒饲料时,草鱼的生长效果最好;印度菜粕添加水平为34.5%,加工成硬颗粒饲料时,草鱼的生长速度最快。同一饲料配方下,国产菜粕、加拿大菜粕加工成膨化饲料时更有利于草鱼的生长;冷生榨菜饼加工成硬颗粒饲料效果更好;印度菜粕添加量为23.0%时,膨化饲料优于硬颗粒饲料,添加量为34.5%时,硬颗粒饲料优于膨化饲料。4种菜籽饼粕在草鱼饲料中的使用不会显著影响草鱼全鱼、肌肉、肝胰脏的氨基酸组成;各试验组间的草鱼的同一器官组织的游离氨基酸组成模式基本一致,处于相对稳定的状态。
The initial average body weight (40.4±2.4) g of grass carp as the research object model in a practical diet formulation, this experiment chose the Chinese rapeseed meal, cold-pressed rapeseed cake, Indian rapeseed meal and canola meal, designed two added levels between 23.0% and 34.5% while the levels of protein, fat and energy were consistently, altogether 8 experimental groups. Each formula was made by two different feed processing methods into expanded feed and hard pellet, and there were 16 tests in total. Grass carps were divided into 16 groups randomly; each group had 3 parallel tests. Grass carps were fed in net cage for 62 days.After the breeding of grass carp, the growth rate, feed efficiency, body index, body composition, physiological and biochemical indicators, and amino acid composition quantitatively compared and analyzed, then discussed four kinds of rapeseed meal in the application of grass carp feed optional , safety, and practical applications.
The results showed that: the specific growth rate of grass carp bred with four kinds of rapeseed cake meal hard pellets was 1.68 ~ 2.00% / d, the FCR was 1.35 ~ 1.59, in addition to the cold-pressed rapeseed cake group I and the Indian rapeseed meal groupⅡwere significantly higher than other groups, the rest was no significant difference between each other (P > 0.05); the SGR of grass carp bred with extruded feed pellets was 1.56 ~ 2.00% / d, the FCR was 1.39 ~ 1.72, the growth rate of China rapeseed meal puffed feedstuff in Group I and the Canadian rapeseed meal puffed feedstuff in Group I were significantly higher than the other test groups (P < 0.05). The four kinds of rapeseed meals in hard pellets and extruded feed pellets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on GLU, CHO, TG, TP, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRE, DAO, D-lactic acid and other biochemical parameters, but the GOT, GPT, T-SOD, LSZ, MDA, GSH-PX and blood hemoglobin had significant effects(P <0.05). The amino acids correlation coefficients of the experimental diets and the whole fish, muscle, hepatopancreas of their corresponding experimental groups were between 0.87 to 0.95, had not significantly different(P > 0.05), The correlation coefficients of free amino acids between the experimental diets and grass carp serum, muscle, whole fish were not strongly correlated. However, the correlation coefficient of free amino acids which was the same organs and tissues of grass carp in different experimental groups were more than 0.9.
These results show that: 4 rapeseed meals can be used for grass carp feed, Chinese rapeseed meal and canola meal could be more conducive to the growth of grass carp when added the level of 23.0% in grass carp feed and processed into extruded feed; cold-pressed rapeseed cake could get the best growth of grass carp when added the level of 23.0% in grass carp feed and processed into hard pellets feed; Indian rapeseed meal could get the best growth of grass carp when added the level of 34.5% and processed into hard pellets feed. In the same feed formula, Chinese rapeseed meal and canola meal could be more conducive to the growth of grass carp when processed into extruded feed; cold-pressed rapeseed cake processed into hard pellets feed, the growth of grass carp was better; the addition level of Indian rapeseed meal was 23.0%, the extruded feed was better than hard pellets, while the addition level of Indian rapeseed meal was 34.5%, the hard pellets feed was better. Four kinds of rapeseed meals in grass feed did not significantly affect the amino acid composition of grass carp whole fish, muscle, hepatopancreas. The compositional patterns of free amino acids in the same organs and tissues was relatively stable in different experimental diets.
引文
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