逆变器中IGBT的保护和故障诊断研究
摘要
基于IGBT的逆变器由于受IGBT稳定性和可靠性的影响,容易出现烧坏、寿命不长等工程问题。因此研究基于IGBT的逆变器的保护与故障诊断,对于提高设备利用率和使用寿命、降低故障率等都具有重要意义。本文设计了50kVA有源电力滤波器样机主电路和基于波形相似匹配的逆变器故障诊断算法。
对于50kVA的APF主电路,本文设计了IGBT的驱动和过流保护电路、放电阻止型缓冲电路、散热措施和基于PTC热敏电阻的过热检测电路。驱动和过流保护模块具有通用性,该模块具有通用型外围电路的接口,并且适用于1200V～1700V且频率小于10kHz的IGBT。基于PTC热敏电阻的过热检测电路具有多响应特点,能对不同的温度发出报警信号和关断信号。APF样机实验结果表明IGBT的驱动和保护电路运行稳定,满足APF驱动和保护需求。
针对逆变器故障诊断算法,研究了基于小波变换和矩阵奇异值分解的分类特征向量提取方法,采用基于Huffman树的支持向量机对历史故障波形进行样本训练和对当前故障波形实现分类;建立统一的正交基作为相似匹配的标准,实现类中故障波形的相似匹配。将该方法与其它方法的对比实验结果表明,该方法在抗噪性和相似值准确性好于直接小波法和小波奇异值法。文章搭建了逆变器PSpice仿真平台提供IGBT的故障波形,验证故障诊断算法。
APF样机的运行结果和故障诊断算法的软硬实现,证明IGBT驱动和保护设计的有效性,并为基于波形的故障诊断奠定基础。
Due to the impact of IGBT's stability and reliability, the engineering problem of power device such as easy failure and short life are hard to void. Thus, the protction circuit of IGBT and the inverter fault diagnosis algorithm based on waveform similar matching, which are very useful to improve life and efficientcy of device and to reduce fault rate, are proposed in this paper.
After analyzing the current, voltage and thermal characteristics of 50kVA APF, driver and over-current protection circuit, RCD subber circuit, online and real-time overheating detection circuit based on PTC thermistor were designed. The universal dirver and over-current protection module had a general-purpose peripheral interface circuits and was suitable for 1200V-1700V IGBT applicable to less than 10kHz circumstance. The overheating detection circuit based on PTC thermistor with multi-response characteristics for different temperatures could send off alarm and close signal. The running results of APF prototype show that IGBT dirive and protection circuit were stability and met the needs of 50kVA APF.
The fault diagnosis algorithm included classification and similarity measurement. First, feature vector of classification was extracted by wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. Then support vector machine was carried out to train the history fault waveforms and classify current fault waveform. Last, the similarity measurement between current fault waveform and classified history fault waveforms were achieved by wavelet matrix transform based on uniform basis. Experiment results, comparing proposed method with plain wavelet and wavelet SVD, show that proposed methods were better then other two methods in anti-noise ability and accuracy of similarity value.
The running result of APF prototype and software and hardware practice of the fault diagnosis algorithm proof the effectivness of IGBT protection and laid the foundation of the fault diagnosis based on fault waveforms.
对于50kVA的APF主电路,本文设计了IGBT的驱动和过流保护电路、放电阻止型缓冲电路、散热措施和基于PTC热敏电阻的过热检测电路。驱动和过流保护模块具有通用性,该模块具有通用型外围电路的接口,并且适用于1200V～1700V且频率小于10kHz的IGBT。基于PTC热敏电阻的过热检测电路具有多响应特点,能对不同的温度发出报警信号和关断信号。APF样机实验结果表明IGBT的驱动和保护电路运行稳定,满足APF驱动和保护需求。
针对逆变器故障诊断算法,研究了基于小波变换和矩阵奇异值分解的分类特征向量提取方法,采用基于Huffman树的支持向量机对历史故障波形进行样本训练和对当前故障波形实现分类;建立统一的正交基作为相似匹配的标准,实现类中故障波形的相似匹配。将该方法与其它方法的对比实验结果表明,该方法在抗噪性和相似值准确性好于直接小波法和小波奇异值法。文章搭建了逆变器PSpice仿真平台提供IGBT的故障波形,验证故障诊断算法。
APF样机的运行结果和故障诊断算法的软硬实现,证明IGBT驱动和保护设计的有效性,并为基于波形的故障诊断奠定基础。
Due to the impact of IGBT's stability and reliability, the engineering problem of power device such as easy failure and short life are hard to void. Thus, the protction circuit of IGBT and the inverter fault diagnosis algorithm based on waveform similar matching, which are very useful to improve life and efficientcy of device and to reduce fault rate, are proposed in this paper.
After analyzing the current, voltage and thermal characteristics of 50kVA APF, driver and over-current protection circuit, RCD subber circuit, online and real-time overheating detection circuit based on PTC thermistor were designed. The universal dirver and over-current protection module had a general-purpose peripheral interface circuits and was suitable for 1200V-1700V IGBT applicable to less than 10kHz circumstance. The overheating detection circuit based on PTC thermistor with multi-response characteristics for different temperatures could send off alarm and close signal. The running results of APF prototype show that IGBT dirive and protection circuit were stability and met the needs of 50kVA APF.
The fault diagnosis algorithm included classification and similarity measurement. First, feature vector of classification was extracted by wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. Then support vector machine was carried out to train the history fault waveforms and classify current fault waveform. Last, the similarity measurement between current fault waveform and classified history fault waveforms were achieved by wavelet matrix transform based on uniform basis. Experiment results, comparing proposed method with plain wavelet and wavelet SVD, show that proposed methods were better then other two methods in anti-noise ability and accuracy of similarity value.
The running result of APF prototype and software and hardware practice of the fault diagnosis algorithm proof the effectivness of IGBT protection and laid the foundation of the fault diagnosis based on fault waveforms.
引文
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