基于柔性工艺规划的车间生产调度系统研究
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摘要
在制造企业中,合理的工艺规划和车间生产调度计划直接影响着制造企业生产效率的提高、生产成本的降低以及整个企业竞争力的提高,在制造企业中占据着十分重要的位置。传统中,工艺规划与车间生产调度计划是分开的。工艺规划设计时,总是认为车间制造资源是不会出现一些扰动因素,调度人员根据设计的工艺制定车间生产调度计划,但是当在车间执行这些计划时往往通常遇见一些不可预测扰动因素,使计划不可以正常运行,正所谓的“计划赶不上变化”。针对这种情况,一个可以自动制定车间调度计划以及可以及时的处理车间突发事件的车间生产调度系统变的尤为重要。
本文所做的研究就是对于车间生产中存在的这种情况,研究并开发了一款基于柔性工艺规划的车间生产调度系统。在文中主要阐释了柔性工艺规划系统以及车间生产调度系统的设计原理和设计过程。整个系统的工作原理大概是如下：首先,是在柔性工艺规划系统中,系统提供多条柔性的工艺加工路线及加工方法。接着,车间生产调度系统就根据柔性工艺规划制定出车间生产调度计划,要是在车间加工计划执行过程中,出现一些扰动因素时,车间调度系统可以根据当时车间制造资源的实时运行情况和柔性工艺规划系统中的零件的柔性加工工艺路径进行重调度,重新得到一条最优的加工路径和车间生产调度计划。车间生产调度系统通过采用工艺设计是柔性工艺规划的设计方案,可以大大的提高车间生产调度系统适应车间突发事件的能力以及提高车间整体的生产效率。
In manufacturing enterprises, the excellent Process Planning and Shop Production Scheduling Planning will directly influence the raise of production efficiency and the reducing of production cost of the manufacturing enterprise, even if the improve of the competitiveness of enterprises, in a word, they all play an import role In manufacturing enterprises. In traditional, the Process Planning and Shop Production Scheduling Planning are separate. During the design of Process Planning, we always think the shop manufacturing resource is infinite, the scheduling workers establish shop scheduling planning according to the process which has been designed, but, when the planning is been in application, some unpredictable disturbance factors will turn up, and make the planning cannot run normally, which is the so-called "plan not keep up with change". In view of this situation, one Shop Production Scheduling System that can establishes the scheduling planning automatically and deal with sudden events in time comes to be extremely important.
The research in this article is aim at this situation existed in the shop production, one Shop Production Scheduling System which is based on flexible process planning has been researched and developed. It mainly interprets the Design Principles and Design Process of Flexible Process Planning System and Shop Production Scheduling System. The operation principles of system are ordinary as follows:First of all, the system supplies several kinds of flexible processing routines and processing technologies. And then, the Shop Production Scheduling System sets the shop production scheduling planning according to Flexible Process Planning, if some disturbance factors emerge during the executing procedure of shop process planning, the Shop Scheduling System can do the rescheduling in line with the real-time operation of shop manufacturing resource at that time and the flexible processing procedure routines of parts in flexible processing planning system, and then receives the most optimal processing routine and the shop production scheduling planning. Through the using of processing design as the design project of flexible process planning in the system of shop production scheduling system, it can largely enhance the abilities of Shop Production Scheduling System which adapts to the emergency and achieve the aim of improving the whole production efficiency of shop.
本文所做的研究就是对于车间生产中存在的这种情况,研究并开发了一款基于柔性工艺规划的车间生产调度系统。在文中主要阐释了柔性工艺规划系统以及车间生产调度系统的设计原理和设计过程。整个系统的工作原理大概是如下：首先,是在柔性工艺规划系统中,系统提供多条柔性的工艺加工路线及加工方法。接着,车间生产调度系统就根据柔性工艺规划制定出车间生产调度计划,要是在车间加工计划执行过程中,出现一些扰动因素时,车间调度系统可以根据当时车间制造资源的实时运行情况和柔性工艺规划系统中的零件的柔性加工工艺路径进行重调度,重新得到一条最优的加工路径和车间生产调度计划。车间生产调度系统通过采用工艺设计是柔性工艺规划的设计方案,可以大大的提高车间生产调度系统适应车间突发事件的能力以及提高车间整体的生产效率。
In manufacturing enterprises, the excellent Process Planning and Shop Production Scheduling Planning will directly influence the raise of production efficiency and the reducing of production cost of the manufacturing enterprise, even if the improve of the competitiveness of enterprises, in a word, they all play an import role In manufacturing enterprises. In traditional, the Process Planning and Shop Production Scheduling Planning are separate. During the design of Process Planning, we always think the shop manufacturing resource is infinite, the scheduling workers establish shop scheduling planning according to the process which has been designed, but, when the planning is been in application, some unpredictable disturbance factors will turn up, and make the planning cannot run normally, which is the so-called "plan not keep up with change". In view of this situation, one Shop Production Scheduling System that can establishes the scheduling planning automatically and deal with sudden events in time comes to be extremely important.
The research in this article is aim at this situation existed in the shop production, one Shop Production Scheduling System which is based on flexible process planning has been researched and developed. It mainly interprets the Design Principles and Design Process of Flexible Process Planning System and Shop Production Scheduling System. The operation principles of system are ordinary as follows:First of all, the system supplies several kinds of flexible processing routines and processing technologies. And then, the Shop Production Scheduling System sets the shop production scheduling planning according to Flexible Process Planning, if some disturbance factors emerge during the executing procedure of shop process planning, the Shop Scheduling System can do the rescheduling in line with the real-time operation of shop manufacturing resource at that time and the flexible processing procedure routines of parts in flexible processing planning system, and then receives the most optimal processing routine and the shop production scheduling planning. Through the using of processing design as the design project of flexible process planning in the system of shop production scheduling system, it can largely enhance the abilities of Shop Production Scheduling System which adapts to the emergency and achieve the aim of improving the whole production efficiency of shop.
引文
[1]Michael Pinedo著.调度：原理、算法和系统.第二版.张智海译.北京：清华大学出版社,2007.11-15
[2]Ramasesh R. Dynamic Job—Shop Scheduling:a survey of simulation research. OMEGA,2000,18(20):43-57.
[3]熊锐,吴澄.车间生产调度问题的技术现状与发展趋势.清华大学学报,38(10)：55-60.
[4]Wu Z M, Zhao C W, Genetic algorithm approach to job shop scheduling and its use in real-time cases. International Journal Computers Integrated Manufacturing,2000,13(5):422-429
[5]徐俊刚,戴国忠,王洪安,生产调度理论和方法研究综述,计算机应用与发展,2004,41(2)：257-266
[6]李小平,王凤儒,常会友,用定界遗传算法解Job-shop问题,电机与控制学报,1999,3：93-96
[7]Jeffrey Dean Kelly, Chronological decomposition heuristic for scheduling: Divide and conquer method, AICHE Journal,2002,48(12):2995-2999
[8]Run wei Cheng, Mitsuo Gen, Yasuhiro Tsujimura, Atutorial survey of job shop schedul ing problems using genetic algorithms, Computers Industry Engineering,1996, 30(4):83-997
[9]纪树新,钱积新,孙优贤,车间作业调度遗传算法中的编码研究,信息与控制,1997,5-393-400
[10]Holsapple C W, Varghese S J, Ramak rishnan, A genetics-based hybrid scheduler or generating static schedules in flexible manufacturing contexts, IEEE Trans on Systems mall and Cybernetics,1993,23(4):953-972
[11]熊锐,吴澄,车间生产调度问题的技术现状与发胀趋势,清华大学学报(自然科学版),1998,38(10)：55-59
[12]赵虎,李蓉,蚁群算法在车间生产作业调度问题中的应用,计算机工程与应用,2003,22(6)：6-8
[13]戴绍剁,谭跃进,汪浩,生产调度系统研究,系统工程,1999,17(1)：4145
[14]鞠全勇,朱剑英,袁坤,工艺计划与车间作业计划集成系统的研究,中国机械工程,2007,18(22)2705-2710
[15]沈斌,陶荣华,工艺计划与生产调度集成的动态CAPP系统的研究,组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004,05：45-48
[16]IWATA K, FUKUDA Y. A new proposal of dynamic process planning in machine shop [A]. Proceedings of CIRP International Workshop on Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). Germany Hanover University,1989.73-78.
[17]许涛,王裕国,基于非线性工艺规划思想的车间动态调度系统,2003,24(7)：43- 46
[18]K Glismann, G Gruhn, Short-Term Planning of Blending Processes:Scheduling and Nonlinear Optimization of Recipes, Chemical Engineering&Technology,2001,24(3): 246-249
[19]唐敦兵,李东波,孙字等,CAPP与车间作业计划集成的研究,中国机械工程,1997,08：15-17
[20]陈冰,江平字,张定红等,基于e-制造模式的动态工艺规划技术研究,计算机工程,2007,32(1)：227-29
[21]张志英,唐承统,遗传算法在柔性CAPP与生产调度集成中的应用,计算机集成制造系统,2003,8：621-624
[22]花广如,赵丽香,周雄辉,基于并行工程的CAPP与生产调度集成研究,制造业自动化,2005,3：45-47
[23]鞠全勇,朱剑英,袁坤,工艺计划与车间作业计划集成系统的研究,中国机械工程,2007,18(22)2705-2710
[24]王忠宾,王宁生,叶文华,基于非线性工艺规划的CAPP和PPC集成原理的研究,机械科学与技术,2002,07：645-647
[25]Zhang E Zhang YE Nee AY C, Using genetic algorithms in process planning for job shop machining。IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,1997,1(4): 278-289
[26]Moon C, Seo Y. Evolutionary algorithm for advanced process planning and scheduling in a multi-plant. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2005,48(2):3 11-325
[27]田颖,江平宇,周光辉等,基于遗传算法的工艺规划与调度集成方法,西安交通大学学报,2006,40(9)1041-1044
[28]张超勇,基于自然启发式算法的作业车间调度问题理论与应用研究：[博士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学,2006
[29]徐新黎,生产调度问题的智能优化方法研究及应用：[博士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2008
[30]蔡兰,制造业车间生产调度及其评估理论的研究和应用：[博士学位论文].武汉：武汉理工大学
[31]张志英,集成理论和方法研究：[学位论文],北京,北京理工大学,2003
[32]郝淑珍,复杂产品柔性调度优化研究：[学位论文],哈尔滨,哈尔滨理工大学,2009
[33]Gozzi A, Paolucci M, A Multi-Agent approach to support dynamic scheduling decisions. Proc. of ISCC2002,2002,26(5):983-989.
[34]张胜文,赵良才.计算机辅助工艺设计——CAPP系统设计.第二版.北京：机械工业出版社,2005,154-155
[35]Michael Pinedo著.调度：原理、算法和系统.第二版.张智海译.北京：清华大学出版社,2007.3-4
[36]郑翔天,敏捷环境下的生产管理及关键技术研究：[学位论文],西安,西安理工大学,2008
[37]陈荣兴,于明.混合型生产方式中动态调度问题的研究.工业工程与管理,2004,3：53-57
[38]袁欣,基于柔性加工路径的作业车间动态调度系统研究：[学位论文],北京,北京理工大学
[39]李言,李淑娟,郑建明,肖继明,工艺设计对生产调度结果的影响.中国机械工程,2000,11(2)402-404
[40]石玉,于盛林.一种改进的遗传算法.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(3)：403-406.
[41]赵伟,韩文秀,罗永泰.Job Shop类型柔性制造系统调度问题的研究.天津大学学报,2000,33(2)：227-230.
[42]乔建忠,雷为民,李本忍,腾弘飞.混合遗传算法研究及其应用.小型微型计算机系统,1998,19(12)：14-19.
[2]Ramasesh R. Dynamic Job—Shop Scheduling:a survey of simulation research. OMEGA,2000,18(20):43-57.
[3]熊锐,吴澄.车间生产调度问题的技术现状与发展趋势.清华大学学报,38(10)：55-60.
[4]Wu Z M, Zhao C W, Genetic algorithm approach to job shop scheduling and its use in real-time cases. International Journal Computers Integrated Manufacturing,2000,13(5):422-429
[5]徐俊刚,戴国忠,王洪安,生产调度理论和方法研究综述,计算机应用与发展,2004,41(2)：257-266
[6]李小平,王凤儒,常会友,用定界遗传算法解Job-shop问题,电机与控制学报,1999,3：93-96
[7]Jeffrey Dean Kelly, Chronological decomposition heuristic for scheduling: Divide and conquer method, AICHE Journal,2002,48(12):2995-2999
[8]Run wei Cheng, Mitsuo Gen, Yasuhiro Tsujimura, Atutorial survey of job shop schedul ing problems using genetic algorithms, Computers Industry Engineering,1996, 30(4):83-997
[9]纪树新,钱积新,孙优贤,车间作业调度遗传算法中的编码研究,信息与控制,1997,5-393-400
[10]Holsapple C W, Varghese S J, Ramak rishnan, A genetics-based hybrid scheduler or generating static schedules in flexible manufacturing contexts, IEEE Trans on Systems mall and Cybernetics,1993,23(4):953-972
[11]熊锐,吴澄,车间生产调度问题的技术现状与发胀趋势,清华大学学报(自然科学版),1998,38(10)：55-59
[12]赵虎,李蓉,蚁群算法在车间生产作业调度问题中的应用,计算机工程与应用,2003,22(6)：6-8
[13]戴绍剁,谭跃进,汪浩,生产调度系统研究,系统工程,1999,17(1)：4145
[14]鞠全勇,朱剑英,袁坤,工艺计划与车间作业计划集成系统的研究,中国机械工程,2007,18(22)2705-2710
[15]沈斌,陶荣华,工艺计划与生产调度集成的动态CAPP系统的研究,组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004,05：45-48
[16]IWATA K, FUKUDA Y. A new proposal of dynamic process planning in machine shop [A]. Proceedings of CIRP International Workshop on Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). Germany Hanover University,1989.73-78.
[17]许涛,王裕国,基于非线性工艺规划思想的车间动态调度系统,2003,24(7)：43- 46
[18]K Glismann, G Gruhn, Short-Term Planning of Blending Processes:Scheduling and Nonlinear Optimization of Recipes, Chemical Engineering&Technology,2001,24(3): 246-249
[19]唐敦兵,李东波,孙字等,CAPP与车间作业计划集成的研究,中国机械工程,1997,08：15-17
[20]陈冰,江平字,张定红等,基于e-制造模式的动态工艺规划技术研究,计算机工程,2007,32(1)：227-29
[21]张志英,唐承统,遗传算法在柔性CAPP与生产调度集成中的应用,计算机集成制造系统,2003,8：621-624
[22]花广如,赵丽香,周雄辉,基于并行工程的CAPP与生产调度集成研究,制造业自动化,2005,3：45-47
[23]鞠全勇,朱剑英,袁坤,工艺计划与车间作业计划集成系统的研究,中国机械工程,2007,18(22)2705-2710
[24]王忠宾,王宁生,叶文华,基于非线性工艺规划的CAPP和PPC集成原理的研究,机械科学与技术,2002,07：645-647
[25]Zhang E Zhang YE Nee AY C, Using genetic algorithms in process planning for job shop machining。IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,1997,1(4): 278-289
[26]Moon C, Seo Y. Evolutionary algorithm for advanced process planning and scheduling in a multi-plant. Computers & Industrial Engineering,2005,48(2):3 11-325
[27]田颖,江平宇,周光辉等,基于遗传算法的工艺规划与调度集成方法,西安交通大学学报,2006,40(9)1041-1044
[28]张超勇,基于自然启发式算法的作业车间调度问题理论与应用研究：[博士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学,2006
[29]徐新黎,生产调度问题的智能优化方法研究及应用：[博士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2008
[30]蔡兰,制造业车间生产调度及其评估理论的研究和应用：[博士学位论文].武汉：武汉理工大学
[31]张志英,集成理论和方法研究：[学位论文],北京,北京理工大学,2003
[32]郝淑珍,复杂产品柔性调度优化研究：[学位论文],哈尔滨,哈尔滨理工大学,2009
[33]Gozzi A, Paolucci M, A Multi-Agent approach to support dynamic scheduling decisions. Proc. of ISCC2002,2002,26(5):983-989.
[34]张胜文,赵良才.计算机辅助工艺设计——CAPP系统设计.第二版.北京：机械工业出版社,2005,154-155
[35]Michael Pinedo著.调度：原理、算法和系统.第二版.张智海译.北京：清华大学出版社,2007.3-4
[36]郑翔天,敏捷环境下的生产管理及关键技术研究：[学位论文],西安,西安理工大学,2008
[37]陈荣兴,于明.混合型生产方式中动态调度问题的研究.工业工程与管理,2004,3：53-57
[38]袁欣,基于柔性加工路径的作业车间动态调度系统研究：[学位论文],北京,北京理工大学
[39]李言,李淑娟,郑建明,肖继明,工艺设计对生产调度结果的影响.中国机械工程,2000,11(2)402-404
[40]石玉,于盛林.一种改进的遗传算法.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,25(3)：403-406.
[41]赵伟,韩文秀,罗永泰.Job Shop类型柔性制造系统调度问题的研究.天津大学学报,2000,33(2)：227-230.
[42]乔建忠,雷为民,李本忍,腾弘飞.混合遗传算法研究及其应用.小型微型计算机系统,1998,19(12)：14-19.
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