全液压坑道钻机配油套密封性能试验研究
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摘要
全液压坑道钻机是进行瓦斯抽采和地质勘探的核心设备。配油套是钻机中最重要的密封元件,通过它可以向高速旋转的胶囊式卡盘供应高压油,从而使卡盘具有向钻杆传递扭矩和轴向力的能力。目前,配油套的设计主要依靠实践经验,缺乏必要的理论依据。本文将密封原理分析和试验研究相结合,提出了配油套的最优化设计方法,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
分析了配油套的密封原理,并根据配油套在密封工作过程中应用的间隙流体阻力效应原理,对与配油套密封性能有显著影响的参数进行研究,包括配油套密封间隙的大小、节流长度、浮动力、转轴摩擦功率、材料选择和径向变形。
设计了一套针对配油套密封性能测试的试验装置;利用正交试验法分析了试验因素(配油套内径尺寸、密封压力、节流长度和壁厚)对试验指标(泄漏量)影响的主次顺序;基于正交试验数据,利用方差分析,得出了主轴转速和配油套长径比对泄漏量的影响规律;利用多元线性回归分析,建立了泄漏量和试验因素的线性方程,为配油套的优化设计提供了数学模型。
通过对全液压坑道钻机配油套密封性能的试验研究,总结了配油套在优化设计过程中的设计方法和思路,对现有的设计方法进行了必要的修正和补充,达到了建立数学模型和提出配油套最优化设计方法的论文研究目的。
All hydraulic tunnel rig is the key equipment in directional drilling for gas drainage and geological prospecting. Floating-ring is an important sealing part, through which to provide the high-speed rotary chuck with high pressure oil, making the chunk with the ability of transferring torque and axial force to drilling rod. Nowadays, the floating-ring design is was mainly relied on experience, lack of sufficient theoretical foundation. In this paper, the sealing principle analysis and test research were combined to come up with the optimal design method for the floating-ring, which has great meaning and practical value.
The sealing principle of floating-ring was analyzed, interstitial fluid drag effect principle in seal process of floating-ring was based, some parameters with significant effect for seal ability of floating-ring were studied, such as floating-ring clearance, throttle length, drift force, rotating axis friction power, material choice and radial deformation.
A test equipment for seal ability of floating-ring was designed. A principal order for leakage rate caused by all factors in test was analyzed using orthogonal test method; though orthogonal test datum and variance analysis method, leakage effects caused by main shaft and floating-ring length-width ratio were analyzed. Linear equations for leakage rate and related parameters were established upon multiple linear regression analysis, providing a math model for optimum design of floating-ring.
Through the test study on sealing ability of floating-ring for all hydraulic tunnel rigs, the design thought and method for floating-ring in optimum design was summarized, necessary amend and makeup for existing design method were made, the goal of math model establishment and floating-ring optimum design were gained.
分析了配油套的密封原理,并根据配油套在密封工作过程中应用的间隙流体阻力效应原理,对与配油套密封性能有显著影响的参数进行研究,包括配油套密封间隙的大小、节流长度、浮动力、转轴摩擦功率、材料选择和径向变形。
设计了一套针对配油套密封性能测试的试验装置;利用正交试验法分析了试验因素(配油套内径尺寸、密封压力、节流长度和壁厚)对试验指标(泄漏量)影响的主次顺序;基于正交试验数据,利用方差分析,得出了主轴转速和配油套长径比对泄漏量的影响规律;利用多元线性回归分析,建立了泄漏量和试验因素的线性方程,为配油套的优化设计提供了数学模型。
通过对全液压坑道钻机配油套密封性能的试验研究,总结了配油套在优化设计过程中的设计方法和思路,对现有的设计方法进行了必要的修正和补充,达到了建立数学模型和提出配油套最优化设计方法的论文研究目的。
All hydraulic tunnel rig is the key equipment in directional drilling for gas drainage and geological prospecting. Floating-ring is an important sealing part, through which to provide the high-speed rotary chuck with high pressure oil, making the chunk with the ability of transferring torque and axial force to drilling rod. Nowadays, the floating-ring design is was mainly relied on experience, lack of sufficient theoretical foundation. In this paper, the sealing principle analysis and test research were combined to come up with the optimal design method for the floating-ring, which has great meaning and practical value.
The sealing principle of floating-ring was analyzed, interstitial fluid drag effect principle in seal process of floating-ring was based, some parameters with significant effect for seal ability of floating-ring were studied, such as floating-ring clearance, throttle length, drift force, rotating axis friction power, material choice and radial deformation.
A test equipment for seal ability of floating-ring was designed. A principal order for leakage rate caused by all factors in test was analyzed using orthogonal test method; though orthogonal test datum and variance analysis method, leakage effects caused by main shaft and floating-ring length-width ratio were analyzed. Linear equations for leakage rate and related parameters were established upon multiple linear regression analysis, providing a math model for optimum design of floating-ring.
Through the test study on sealing ability of floating-ring for all hydraulic tunnel rigs, the design thought and method for floating-ring in optimum design was summarized, necessary amend and makeup for existing design method were made, the goal of math model establishment and floating-ring optimum design were gained.
引文
[1]殷新胜,田宏亮.MK-7型全液压坑道钻机[J].探矿工程,2003(增刊):159.
[2]邬迪,方鹏.动力头式钻机配油套的分析[J].陕西省探矿年会学术交流论文集,2008(3):65.
[3]Hawkes,C D.Assessing the mechanical stability of horizontal boreholes in coal.Canadian Geotechnical Journal[J].2007,Vol 44,No.7:797.
[4]韩广德主编.中国煤炭工业钻探工程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:829-836.
[5]冯德强.钻机设计[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993:162,181-183,195-205.
[6]杨惠民.钻探设备[M].北京:地质出版社,1988:77-84.
[7]鄢泰宁.岩土钻掘工程学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2001:25-28.
[8]梁人祝.钻探设备[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:125-129.
[9]胡少韵.我国煤矿坑道钻探技术发展及存在的问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998(26)增刊:59-62.
[10]刁叔钧,胡少韵.全液压坑道钻机故障预测与诊断的现代化技术探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,1999,27(4):68.
[11]国内煤矿用井下钻孔成套装备技术现状.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gjscy/cyjs/t20061023_89376.htm,2006(1).
[12]我国井下水平定向钻进技术研发取得重大进展.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gjscy/cyjs/t20080428_207055.htm,2008(4).
[13]我国煤矿井下瓦斯钻机技术现状及发展趋势.http://www.dss.gov.cn/Article_Print.asp?ArticlelD=225336,2006(9).
[14]国外煤矿井下瓦斯钻机技术现状.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gjscy/cyjs/t20060918_84804.htm,2006(9).
[15]王玉明,杨惠霞等.流体密封技术[J].液压气动与密封,2004(3)1-4.
[16]张直明.滑动轴承的流体动力润滑理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986:136.
[17]Rohde S M,Ezzat H A.Analysis of dynamically loaded floating-ring bearing for automotive applications[J].J of Lub Tech Trans ASME,1980,102(3):271-277.
[18]Li C H,Rohds S M.On the steady state and dynamic performance characteristics of floating-ring journal bearings[J].J of Lub Tech Trans ASME,1994,99(2):389-397.
[19]Mokhtar M O A.Floating ring journal bearings:theory,design and optimiz -ation[J].Tribology international,1981,14(2):113-120.
[20]杨启明,饶霁阳.等、变径浮动滑动轴承耐磨性能实验分析研究[J].西南大学学报,2007,29(3):131.
[21]徐灏.密封[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005:416.
[22]钻机性能测试报表(07901,078022).国家安全生产西安钻机检测检验中心,2007(9):1-4.
[23]郭跃华.概率论与数理统计(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:280-281.
[24]马长福.实用密封技术问答[M].北京:金盾出版社,1995:1.
[25]胡忆沩.泄漏与密封的术语化研究[J].润滑与密封,2006(10):122.
[26]陈匡民,流体动密封[M].成都:成都科技出版社,1990(11):220-222.
[27]徐万福,耿彬等.流体动力润滑螺旋槽非接触机械密封的发展及应用[J].润滑与密封.2006(11):203-204.
[28]J.D.萨默-史密斯(英).实用机械密封[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:86.
[29]王海庆.浮环密封失效原因及预防措施[J].风机技术,2000(2):50-51.
[30]顾永泉.机械密封实用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:215-217.
[31]M(u|¨)ller H K,Nau B S.Fluid Sealing Technology[M].New York:Marcel Dekker Inc.,1998.
[32]顾永泉.机械密封技术的新进展[J].石油化工设备,1997(5):43-50.
[33]王守城,容一鸣等.液压传动[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006:2629.
[34]归柯庭,汪军等.工程流体力学[M].北京:科技出版社,2003:58.
[35]赵光耀.设备泄漏的防治[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986:115-116.
[36]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996:464-467.
[37]成大先.机械设计手册(第三版)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1994:20-23-20-24.
[38]吴晓军等.DX300非开挖导向钻机给进机构设计[J].世界地质,2001,20(1):100-104.
[39]刘凤琴,范国强.煤矿坑道钻机性能检测试验台[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003, 31(5):59-61.
[40]赵选民,徐伟等.数理统计(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002(9):207-208.
[41]李宗奎等.煤矿用坑道钻机及工艺培训教程[M].西安:煤炭科学研究总院西安研究院,2008(3):129-130.
[42]郁有文,常健等.传感器原理及工程应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003(7):22-23.
[43]刘迎春等.传感器原理设计与应用(第三版)[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1997(8):1-2.
[44]腾召胜,罗隆福等.智能检测系统与数据融合[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001(1):13.
[45]洪楠,林爱华等.统计分析教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000(9):3-4.
[46]苏金明,傅荣华等.统计软件系列——应用实战篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002(10):1.
[47]张红兵.统计软件宝典[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007(2):2-3.
[2]邬迪,方鹏.动力头式钻机配油套的分析[J].陕西省探矿年会学术交流论文集,2008(3):65.
[3]Hawkes,C D.Assessing the mechanical stability of horizontal boreholes in coal.Canadian Geotechnical Journal[J].2007,Vol 44,No.7:797.
[4]韩广德主编.中国煤炭工业钻探工程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:829-836.
[5]冯德强.钻机设计[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1993:162,181-183,195-205.
[6]杨惠民.钻探设备[M].北京:地质出版社,1988:77-84.
[7]鄢泰宁.岩土钻掘工程学[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2001:25-28.
[8]梁人祝.钻探设备[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:125-129.
[9]胡少韵.我国煤矿坑道钻探技术发展及存在的问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998(26)增刊:59-62.
[10]刁叔钧,胡少韵.全液压坑道钻机故障预测与诊断的现代化技术探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,1999,27(4):68.
[11]国内煤矿用井下钻孔成套装备技术现状.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gjscy/cyjs/t20061023_89376.htm,2006(1).
[12]我国井下水平定向钻进技术研发取得重大进展.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gjscy/cyjs/t20080428_207055.htm,2008(4).
[13]我国煤矿井下瓦斯钻机技术现状及发展趋势.http://www.dss.gov.cn/Article_Print.asp?ArticlelD=225336,2006(9).
[14]国外煤矿井下瓦斯钻机技术现状.http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/gjscy/cyjs/t20060918_84804.htm,2006(9).
[15]王玉明,杨惠霞等.流体密封技术[J].液压气动与密封,2004(3)1-4.
[16]张直明.滑动轴承的流体动力润滑理论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986:136.
[17]Rohde S M,Ezzat H A.Analysis of dynamically loaded floating-ring bearing for automotive applications[J].J of Lub Tech Trans ASME,1980,102(3):271-277.
[18]Li C H,Rohds S M.On the steady state and dynamic performance characteristics of floating-ring journal bearings[J].J of Lub Tech Trans ASME,1994,99(2):389-397.
[19]Mokhtar M O A.Floating ring journal bearings:theory,design and optimiz -ation[J].Tribology international,1981,14(2):113-120.
[20]杨启明,饶霁阳.等、变径浮动滑动轴承耐磨性能实验分析研究[J].西南大学学报,2007,29(3):131.
[21]徐灏.密封[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005:416.
[22]钻机性能测试报表(07901,078022).国家安全生产西安钻机检测检验中心,2007(9):1-4.
[23]郭跃华.概率论与数理统计(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:280-281.
[24]马长福.实用密封技术问答[M].北京:金盾出版社,1995:1.
[25]胡忆沩.泄漏与密封的术语化研究[J].润滑与密封,2006(10):122.
[26]陈匡民,流体动密封[M].成都:成都科技出版社,1990(11):220-222.
[27]徐万福,耿彬等.流体动力润滑螺旋槽非接触机械密封的发展及应用[J].润滑与密封.2006(11):203-204.
[28]J.D.萨默-史密斯(英).实用机械密封[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:86.
[29]王海庆.浮环密封失效原因及预防措施[J].风机技术,2000(2):50-51.
[30]顾永泉.机械密封实用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:215-217.
[31]M(u|¨)ller H K,Nau B S.Fluid Sealing Technology[M].New York:Marcel Dekker Inc.,1998.
[32]顾永泉.机械密封技术的新进展[J].石油化工设备,1997(5):43-50.
[33]王守城,容一鸣等.液压传动[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006:2629.
[34]归柯庭,汪军等.工程流体力学[M].北京:科技出版社,2003:58.
[35]赵光耀.设备泄漏的防治[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986:115-116.
[36]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996:464-467.
[37]成大先.机械设计手册(第三版)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1994:20-23-20-24.
[38]吴晓军等.DX300非开挖导向钻机给进机构设计[J].世界地质,2001,20(1):100-104.
[39]刘凤琴,范国强.煤矿坑道钻机性能检测试验台[J].煤田地质与勘探,2003, 31(5):59-61.
[40]赵选民,徐伟等.数理统计(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002(9):207-208.
[41]李宗奎等.煤矿用坑道钻机及工艺培训教程[M].西安:煤炭科学研究总院西安研究院,2008(3):129-130.
[42]郁有文,常健等.传感器原理及工程应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003(7):22-23.
[43]刘迎春等.传感器原理设计与应用(第三版)[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1997(8):1-2.
[44]腾召胜,罗隆福等.智能检测系统与数据融合[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001(1):13.
[45]洪楠,林爱华等.统计分析教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000(9):3-4.
[46]苏金明,傅荣华等.统计软件系列——应用实战篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002(10):1.
[47]张红兵.统计软件宝典[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007(2):2-3.