长江口附近海域三维悬浮泥沙的数值模拟研究
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摘要
本文构建了长江口外海域三维悬浮泥沙输运数值模型,其中水动力模型中主要考虑了潮汐潮流、出入径流及风浪等作用,输运模型中考虑了粘性泥沙的絮凝、粘性和非粘性泥沙的再悬浮等过程。并与2006年8月份在长江口外海域获得的定点连续站测流资料及悬浮泥沙的观测资料进行了比较。为了进一步提高模式结果的精确性,采用将动力模式与实测资料相结合的趋近同化方法,在连续方程和泥沙输运方程中分别增加一个松弛项,将模拟结果向已有实测调和常数的控制点推算潮高值和悬沙浓度观测值趋近。将该方法运用到长江口外附近海域的悬浮泥沙数值模拟当中,并泥沙输运水平紊动扩散系数也做了合理的修改,其模拟结果也得到了不错的改进,所得结果适用于计算长江口外海域的水动力和泥沙输运情况。
在数值模拟的基础上,分析了悬浮泥沙在长江口内外分布规律:悬浮泥沙浓度自近岸向外海降低,以123°E为界分为东、西两部分,西部浓度高东部浓度低,浓度锋面在苏北沿岸一带到达距岸150km处,长江口外123°E以东浓度一般不超过10mg/l,终年悬浮泥沙高值区见于河口区,一般超过300mg/l,以长江口、杭州湾悬浮泥沙浓度最高,闽浙沿岸的浓度等值线走向基本与岸线平行,锋面距岸大约80km左右;以30°N为界分南、北两部分,东海北部悬浮泥沙浓度高于陆架南部。悬浮泥沙浓度随时间的变化,河口近岸区远大于陆架区。总体看来长江入海泥沙主要向东南平流运移,苏北沿岸、长江口、杭州湾以及闽浙沿海分布着连续的浑水带,其中苏北沿岸、闽浙沿海的浑水带主要是靠泥沙的再悬浮作用和沿岸水流所携带的泥沙所致。
在潮周期中,悬浮泥沙浓度的变化与流速大小密切相关,由于涨落潮的交替和流速的更迭使悬浮泥沙浓度出现明显的周期性变化,悬浮泥沙浓度在观测的24小时内出现两涨两落的变化趋势,而模拟的结果也与观测相吻合。悬浮泥沙浓度的峰值一般都滞后与流速峰值,滞后的时间由于海域和季节的不同而存在一定的差别,一般要滞后1～4小时。
Basing on ECOMSED model, a 3-D hydrodynamic-transport numerical model for the offshore area near Changjiang Estuary in the East China Sea has been developed. The hydrodynamic module is driven by tide and wind as well as inflow and outflow currents. Effect of wind generated waves also includes in the current modeling framework. Sediment module includes sediment resuspension, transport and deposition of cohesive and non-cohesive sediment. Settling of cohesive sediment in the water column is modeled as a function of aggregation and deposition. The numerical results are compared with observation data which measured during Aug, 2006 in the East China Sea. To improve the accuracy of results,This paper adds a nudging assimilation method to ECOMSED model, establishing a assimilation model, and tides and suspended sediment concentration in the offshore near Changjiang Estuary is simulated by this model. A relaxation term is added to the continuity equation and sediment transport equation respectively to nudge the calculated value to the observation data. Numerical experiments show that the data assimilation in numerical model which can improve the accuracy of results. Apply this method to the simulation of the suspended sediment in the Offshore Near Changjiang Estuary, and modify the horizontal diffusivity of the suspended sediment transport, and the result improves on. The result of simulation can describe the hydrodynamics and the sediment transport in the Offshore near Changjiang Estuary.
The distribution of suspended sediment concentration shows that the sediment concentration reduces gradually from the seashore to the offshore area, and divided into the east and the west two parts by 123°E, and the west is higher, and the east is lower. The front of suspended sediment concentration is 150km far from shore in the Subei coastal area. Suspended sediment concentration eastern of 123°E is less than 10 mg/L. The higher concentration of suspended sediment concentration generally appears at the esturay area, and exceeds 300 mg/L. The Changjiang Esturay and the Hangzhou Bay is highest, and the counter of suspended concentration parallels seacoast line in the Minzhe coastal area. The front of suspended sediment concentration is about 80km far from shore. The concentration divideds into the south and the north two parts by 30°N, and the north is higher than the south. As a whole, the suspended sediment is advected to the south-east mainly, and the continuous muddy water is distributed in the Subei coastal area, the Changjiang Esturay, the Hangzhou Bay and the Minzhe coastal area. The muddy water in the Subei coastal area and the Minzhe coastal area depends on the resuspension and seacoast current taking. The muddy water in the Changjiang Esturay depends on sediment which is taked by Changjiang diluted water.
Numerical results of concentration time series in the observation stations show two peaks and two valleys, according with the observation data. It is mainly affected by tidal current. The suspended sediment concentration is related to the tidal current during a tidal cycle, and the maximum concentration appears 1~4h after the current maximum velocity.
在数值模拟的基础上,分析了悬浮泥沙在长江口内外分布规律:悬浮泥沙浓度自近岸向外海降低,以123°E为界分为东、西两部分,西部浓度高东部浓度低,浓度锋面在苏北沿岸一带到达距岸150km处,长江口外123°E以东浓度一般不超过10mg/l,终年悬浮泥沙高值区见于河口区,一般超过300mg/l,以长江口、杭州湾悬浮泥沙浓度最高,闽浙沿岸的浓度等值线走向基本与岸线平行,锋面距岸大约80km左右;以30°N为界分南、北两部分,东海北部悬浮泥沙浓度高于陆架南部。悬浮泥沙浓度随时间的变化,河口近岸区远大于陆架区。总体看来长江入海泥沙主要向东南平流运移,苏北沿岸、长江口、杭州湾以及闽浙沿海分布着连续的浑水带,其中苏北沿岸、闽浙沿海的浑水带主要是靠泥沙的再悬浮作用和沿岸水流所携带的泥沙所致。
在潮周期中,悬浮泥沙浓度的变化与流速大小密切相关,由于涨落潮的交替和流速的更迭使悬浮泥沙浓度出现明显的周期性变化,悬浮泥沙浓度在观测的24小时内出现两涨两落的变化趋势,而模拟的结果也与观测相吻合。悬浮泥沙浓度的峰值一般都滞后与流速峰值,滞后的时间由于海域和季节的不同而存在一定的差别,一般要滞后1～4小时。
Basing on ECOMSED model, a 3-D hydrodynamic-transport numerical model for the offshore area near Changjiang Estuary in the East China Sea has been developed. The hydrodynamic module is driven by tide and wind as well as inflow and outflow currents. Effect of wind generated waves also includes in the current modeling framework. Sediment module includes sediment resuspension, transport and deposition of cohesive and non-cohesive sediment. Settling of cohesive sediment in the water column is modeled as a function of aggregation and deposition. The numerical results are compared with observation data which measured during Aug, 2006 in the East China Sea. To improve the accuracy of results,This paper adds a nudging assimilation method to ECOMSED model, establishing a assimilation model, and tides and suspended sediment concentration in the offshore near Changjiang Estuary is simulated by this model. A relaxation term is added to the continuity equation and sediment transport equation respectively to nudge the calculated value to the observation data. Numerical experiments show that the data assimilation in numerical model which can improve the accuracy of results. Apply this method to the simulation of the suspended sediment in the Offshore Near Changjiang Estuary, and modify the horizontal diffusivity of the suspended sediment transport, and the result improves on. The result of simulation can describe the hydrodynamics and the sediment transport in the Offshore near Changjiang Estuary.
The distribution of suspended sediment concentration shows that the sediment concentration reduces gradually from the seashore to the offshore area, and divided into the east and the west two parts by 123°E, and the west is higher, and the east is lower. The front of suspended sediment concentration is 150km far from shore in the Subei coastal area. Suspended sediment concentration eastern of 123°E is less than 10 mg/L. The higher concentration of suspended sediment concentration generally appears at the esturay area, and exceeds 300 mg/L. The Changjiang Esturay and the Hangzhou Bay is highest, and the counter of suspended concentration parallels seacoast line in the Minzhe coastal area. The front of suspended sediment concentration is about 80km far from shore. The concentration divideds into the south and the north two parts by 30°N, and the north is higher than the south. As a whole, the suspended sediment is advected to the south-east mainly, and the continuous muddy water is distributed in the Subei coastal area, the Changjiang Esturay, the Hangzhou Bay and the Minzhe coastal area. The muddy water in the Subei coastal area and the Minzhe coastal area depends on the resuspension and seacoast current taking. The muddy water in the Changjiang Esturay depends on sediment which is taked by Changjiang diluted water.
Numerical results of concentration time series in the observation stations show two peaks and two valleys, according with the observation data. It is mainly affected by tidal current. The suspended sediment concentration is related to the tidal current during a tidal cycle, and the maximum concentration appears 1~4h after the current maximum velocity.
引文
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