超声波技术在植物染料提取和羊毛织物染色中的应用研究
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摘要
超声波是频率在2×10~4～2×10~9Hz的声波,它在传播过程中产生声空化现象。声空化会以特殊的能量形式来加速植物染料提取时色素的释放或染色时染料与纤维的结合。现有文献显示超声波技术在植物染料提取和羊毛染色中的应用报道鲜见,本文对数种植物染料和羊毛织物开展了较系统的超声波技术的应用研究。
首先,以植物染料HT-CT、SM-CT、HY-CT、SLZ-CT和HZ-CT作为超声波提取的研究对象,通过相同工艺下超声波提取与常规提取的对比,从中挑选出效果最好的HT-CT和SM-CT作进一步研究,通过单因素分析、正交实验法确定了HT-CT和SM-CT超声波提取的最佳工艺条件,并进一步研究了提取技术的稳定性和提取液的染色性能。研究表明:超声波提取是一种行之有效的提取技术。与传统提取工艺相比,超声波提取具有更高的提取效率。HT-CT和SM-CT的最佳提取工艺都很稳定,和相同工艺下的常规提取液相比,用超声波提取液染后的布样颜色更深,超声波技术用于植物染料HT-CT和SM-CT的提取是可行的。
其次,以羊毛织物为超声波染色的研究对象,采用ML-CT色素和HT-CT提取液超声波染色和常规染色的对比,研究了超声波染色的特点:通过单因素分析和正交实验确定了超声波染色的最佳工艺条件。研究表明:通过在超声波辅助作用下和常规条件下染色性能的对比,证明了超声波染色有明显的促染作用,可以降低染色温度,缩短染色时间,减少染料的用量,一定程度上改善了织物的染色牢度。
最后,还对超声波染色的促染机理进行了初探。研究了超声波处理对染料本身和上染特性以及羊毛纤维形态和理化性能的影响。研究结果表明:本实验所采用的超声波能量并不改变染料的色光,处理后染液的吸光度值提高,染料的溶解度提高,进一步研究发现超声波处理可以提高染料的扩散系数和比染色速率常数,有利于促进上染过程。羊毛纤维经超声波处理后鳞片有一定的刻蚀破坏,但作用及其微弱;红外光谱显示超声波处理前后羊毛纤维的化学结构未见变化;但羊毛纤维经超声波处理后断裂强力略有下降,有待进一步深入研究。
总之,超声波技术在本实验植物染料提取和羊毛织物染色中的应用效果是明显的,但相关机理尚需作进一步的全面深入的研究。
Ultrasonic, whose frequency is 2×10~4～2×10~9Hz, is a sound wave. Ultrasonic will produce cavitation during its propagation. Cavitation produces a kind of special energy to accelerate color matter release or fibers absorbing dyes. Therefore, research on the application of ultrasonic technique will play an important role in promoting the vegetable dyes.
Firstly, this thesis took some vegetable dyes as the research objects which include HT-CT, SM-CT, HY-CT, SLZ-CT and HZ-CT, then pick out HT-CT and SM-CT whose extraction efficiency with untrasonic technique was highest through comparing with convention extraction with the same extraction process. Meanwhile the optimum ultrasonic extraction processes of HT-CT and SM-CT were established by the single factor analysis and the multi-factors orthogonal test, and then the extracting stability and the dyeing performance of extracting solution have been studied too.
The research results indicated that ultrasonic extraction is a rather effective extraction process with higher extraction efficiency compareing with convention extraction. The optimum extraction craftworks of HT-CT and SM-CT are stable and feasible, have good repeatability. The color of the fabrics dyed by ultrasonic extracting solution was deeper. So the application of ultrasonic technique on the extraction of coloring matter from HT-CT and SM-CT is feasible.
Secondly, this thesis took the wool fabrics as the research object and concentrated on the features of the ultrasonic dyeing on wool fabrics with ML-CT color matter and HT-CT extracting solution through comparing with convention dyeing on wool fabric with the same dyestuff. Meanwhile, the optimum dyeing processes on wool fabrics with ultrasonic were established by the single factor analysis and the orthogonal experiments.
The research results indicated: the comparing experiments with and without ultrasonic showed that the ultrasonic can improve the dyeing effect, lower dyeing temperature, shorten dyeing time, and reduce the amount of dyes, it can also improve fastness of the fabrics to some extent.
Thirdly, the mechnisim of promoting dyeing with ultrasonic technique has been approached through the modification of vegetable dyes, wool fiber's morphology and physico-chemical properties. The results showed that the ultrasonic radiation used in the experiment cannot alter dyestuff's shades, but it can advance the Abs of the dye liquor and the solubility of dyes obviously. The resulats also showed that the diffusion coefficients of dyes and constants of dyeing rate increase with ultrasonic treatment, which are benefit for dyeing process.
Slight modificaiton of scale of wool fibers with ultrasonic treatment have been found by SEM photo, and the breaking strength of wool fabrics decrease slightly too, even though the change of chemical group of wool fibers before and after ultrasonic treatment have not been found by infrared spectrum.
In a word, the ultrasonic technique used on this experimental vegetable dyes' extraction and their application on wool fabrics is quite effective. The mechanism of action of ultrasonic treatment should been approached further.
首先,以植物染料HT-CT、SM-CT、HY-CT、SLZ-CT和HZ-CT作为超声波提取的研究对象,通过相同工艺下超声波提取与常规提取的对比,从中挑选出效果最好的HT-CT和SM-CT作进一步研究,通过单因素分析、正交实验法确定了HT-CT和SM-CT超声波提取的最佳工艺条件,并进一步研究了提取技术的稳定性和提取液的染色性能。研究表明:超声波提取是一种行之有效的提取技术。与传统提取工艺相比,超声波提取具有更高的提取效率。HT-CT和SM-CT的最佳提取工艺都很稳定,和相同工艺下的常规提取液相比,用超声波提取液染后的布样颜色更深,超声波技术用于植物染料HT-CT和SM-CT的提取是可行的。
其次,以羊毛织物为超声波染色的研究对象,采用ML-CT色素和HT-CT提取液超声波染色和常规染色的对比,研究了超声波染色的特点:通过单因素分析和正交实验确定了超声波染色的最佳工艺条件。研究表明:通过在超声波辅助作用下和常规条件下染色性能的对比,证明了超声波染色有明显的促染作用,可以降低染色温度,缩短染色时间,减少染料的用量,一定程度上改善了织物的染色牢度。
最后,还对超声波染色的促染机理进行了初探。研究了超声波处理对染料本身和上染特性以及羊毛纤维形态和理化性能的影响。研究结果表明:本实验所采用的超声波能量并不改变染料的色光,处理后染液的吸光度值提高,染料的溶解度提高,进一步研究发现超声波处理可以提高染料的扩散系数和比染色速率常数,有利于促进上染过程。羊毛纤维经超声波处理后鳞片有一定的刻蚀破坏,但作用及其微弱;红外光谱显示超声波处理前后羊毛纤维的化学结构未见变化;但羊毛纤维经超声波处理后断裂强力略有下降,有待进一步深入研究。
总之,超声波技术在本实验植物染料提取和羊毛织物染色中的应用效果是明显的,但相关机理尚需作进一步的全面深入的研究。
Ultrasonic, whose frequency is 2×10~4～2×10~9Hz, is a sound wave. Ultrasonic will produce cavitation during its propagation. Cavitation produces a kind of special energy to accelerate color matter release or fibers absorbing dyes. Therefore, research on the application of ultrasonic technique will play an important role in promoting the vegetable dyes.
Firstly, this thesis took some vegetable dyes as the research objects which include HT-CT, SM-CT, HY-CT, SLZ-CT and HZ-CT, then pick out HT-CT and SM-CT whose extraction efficiency with untrasonic technique was highest through comparing with convention extraction with the same extraction process. Meanwhile the optimum ultrasonic extraction processes of HT-CT and SM-CT were established by the single factor analysis and the multi-factors orthogonal test, and then the extracting stability and the dyeing performance of extracting solution have been studied too.
The research results indicated that ultrasonic extraction is a rather effective extraction process with higher extraction efficiency compareing with convention extraction. The optimum extraction craftworks of HT-CT and SM-CT are stable and feasible, have good repeatability. The color of the fabrics dyed by ultrasonic extracting solution was deeper. So the application of ultrasonic technique on the extraction of coloring matter from HT-CT and SM-CT is feasible.
Secondly, this thesis took the wool fabrics as the research object and concentrated on the features of the ultrasonic dyeing on wool fabrics with ML-CT color matter and HT-CT extracting solution through comparing with convention dyeing on wool fabric with the same dyestuff. Meanwhile, the optimum dyeing processes on wool fabrics with ultrasonic were established by the single factor analysis and the orthogonal experiments.
The research results indicated: the comparing experiments with and without ultrasonic showed that the ultrasonic can improve the dyeing effect, lower dyeing temperature, shorten dyeing time, and reduce the amount of dyes, it can also improve fastness of the fabrics to some extent.
Thirdly, the mechnisim of promoting dyeing with ultrasonic technique has been approached through the modification of vegetable dyes, wool fiber's morphology and physico-chemical properties. The results showed that the ultrasonic radiation used in the experiment cannot alter dyestuff's shades, but it can advance the Abs of the dye liquor and the solubility of dyes obviously. The resulats also showed that the diffusion coefficients of dyes and constants of dyeing rate increase with ultrasonic treatment, which are benefit for dyeing process.
Slight modificaiton of scale of wool fibers with ultrasonic treatment have been found by SEM photo, and the breaking strength of wool fabrics decrease slightly too, even though the change of chemical group of wool fibers before and after ultrasonic treatment have not been found by infrared spectrum.
In a word, the ultrasonic technique used on this experimental vegetable dyes' extraction and their application on wool fabrics is quite effective. The mechanism of action of ultrasonic treatment should been approached further.
引文
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