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静电离子色谱的研究与应用
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  • 英文题名:Studies and Application on Electrostatic Ion Chromatography
  • 作者:陈悦鸣
  • 论文级别:硕士
  • 学科专业名称:分析化学
  • 学位年度:2004
  • 导师:于爱民
  • 学科代码:070302
  • 学位授予单位:吉林大学
  • 论文提交日期:2003-12-01
摘要
离子色谱是七十年代发展起来的一种新型色谱分离方法,离子色谱技
    术和理论已经趋于成熟,并已逐渐分化成了单、双柱在内的高效离子色谱、
    离子对色谱、高效离子排斥色谱和静电离子色谱(EIC)等几种分离模式。
    静电离子色谱方法首先由日本学者 W.Hu 和 Hiroaki 等人在 1993 年提出,
    该方法以水为流动相的离子色谱分离机制较好地解决了离子交换色谱洗
    脱液中需要提供替代离子的问题,降低了检测背景、提高了分析的灵敏度。
    静电离子色谱方法不仅可以实现阴、阳离子的同时分离,并且可以直接分
    析极性有机化合物,而不需要被分析物的离子化和预柱处理。由于固定相
    涂敷层胶束的特征结构,使该色谱体系还具有一定的手性拆分能力。本文
    在已有的研究基础上,探讨了静电离子色谱的保留机制。通过实验方法总
    结了离子和分子化合物的色谱保留规律,并且应用极化理论较好地解释了
    该色谱体系极性分子、离子的色谱保留规律,并深入研究了静电离子色谱
    在分析手性化合物方面的应用。具体内容包括以下几个方面。
    一. 综述了离子色谱与静电离子色谱的历史与发展
    首先从离子色谱方法的建立入手,简述了离子色谱的历史与分支。然
    后分别从离子交换色谱、离子排斥色谱、螯合离子色谱、离子对色谱等几
     陈悦鸣
     吉林大学在职硕士学位论文 80
    
    
    静电离子色谱的研究与应用
    个方面概述了离子色谱的研究与发展现状。介绍了离子色谱固定相、离子
    色谱检测器以及离子色谱应用领域的研究成果。介绍了静电离子色谱方法
    的历史与发展现状及其在分离机制方面的研究成果及实际应用。
     二.研究了静电离子色谱(EIC)柱体系的建立与评价
     通过对无机、有机离子化合物,极性化合物的实际分离分析,讨论了
    EIC 柱的制备条件对柱涂层厚度和使用寿命的影响。研究发现,在涂敷过
    程中,热力学控制比动力学控制更显著地影响柱效和使用寿命;另外在两
    性离子表面活性剂胶束涂敷之后的冲洗和陈化也会影响涂敷层的厚度和
    均匀性。本文考察了自制 EIC 色谱柱的性能,提出了 EIC 色谱柱涂层胶
    束流失的检验方法及其影响其寿命的主要因素。实验证明,这种自制的
    EIC 色谱柱可稳定使用在 600 小时以上。
     三.探索了 EIC 体系的实际应用
     在 EIC 体系的应用方面研究了无机、有机电解质和极性化合物在该体
    系的色谱保留行为,探索了一些无机、有机阴离子和极性有机分子在 EIC
    体系的色谱分离。研究了不同浓度的抗坏血酸在常温下自然氧化后所形成
    的各种组分(抗坏血酸、氧化型抗坏血酸和变异氧化抗坏血酸)的分离条
    件。通过实验结果的计算表明,抗坏血酸的自然氧化反应是一级反应。研
    究发现,该色谱体系对分离极性或电解质类有机化合物具有较好的选择
    性,EIC 固定相与反相色谱相比具有方法简单、洗脱时间短、流动相成本
    低、背景干扰小等特点,而且可以适合多种检测器的测定条件要求。
     四.EIC 体系在分离手性分析物方面的应用
     研究了天然两性表面活性剂以及阳离子、阴离子混合表面活性剂涂层
     陈悦鸣
     吉林大学在职硕士学位论文
    
    
    内容摘要
    固定相在手性对映体分离方面的应用。由于该体系表面活性剂胶束在水系
    洗脱液中会形成具有疏水内腔的螺旋状结构,从而使其附带有立体选择性
    功能。实验表明,在以水为洗脱液时即可对氨基酸外消旋体实现拆分,而
    且当在洗脱液中加入 5 mmol/LH3BO3时,EIC 的手性选择能力增强。该手
    性固定相在一定时期内具有较好的稳定性和重复性。研究中对氨氯地平、
    麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、芬必得、美西律平和扑尔敏等外消旋药物进行了手性
    拆分。探索了手性药物氨氯地平及麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱的分离条件: 当流
    动相的 pH 值为 5.5 时分离效果最佳,在流动相中加入 2.5-5mmol l-1 硼酸
    时分离因子较大,当流动相中加入 1 mmol l-1 的 L-谷氨酸时 L-氨氯地平
    的紫外吸收呈负值。
     实验表明,以水为洗脱液在涂敷离子胶束相上拆分外消旋体的色谱模
    式,将有效地降低手性分离色谱柱的成本,而且具有不改变生物样品存在
    环境、洗脱液成本低、不污染环境等特点。该色谱体系可以说是一种对环
    境友好的绿色、简便、实用的手性分离体系。
     五.用 HPLC 方法研究了阿拉伯树胶的组成
     应用高效液相色谱测定了来自英国的阿拉伯树胶及树胶多糖的组成。
    分析结果表明,该树胶中含有:81.3%的多糖、3.4%的蛋白质、5.1%的脂
    肪和 3.3%的无机盐。研究中简述了树胶组成的分析方法,讨论了树胶多
    糖的提取条件。所提纯的阿拉伯树胶多糖具有较高的纯度。薄层色谱和高
    效液相色谱的分析结果表明,该树胶多糖是由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖
    按 6﹕3﹕1 的比例所组成。
     六.高效液相色谱仪和 EIC 体系的使用与维护
     陈悦鸣
     吉林大学在职硕士学位论文 82
    
    
    静电离子色谱的研究与应用
    研究了高效液相仪的常见故障现象及其排除;探讨了 EIC 色谱柱在使
    用过程中的注意事项和维护方法。
    本课题的创新性有以下几个方面:
    1)提出了新的 EIC 柱制备方法及涂层厚度与涂层流失的相对表征
The method of static ion chromatogram was put forward at first by Japanese
    scholars W. Hu and Hiroaki et al. This method employ water as flow phase, so
    can resolve the problem of substitution ion which is required in ion
    chromatogram washing water., reduce examination background, increase
    analytical sensitivity. Static ion chromatogram can separate anions and cations
    at same time, and can also analyse polar organic compounds directly without
    the ionization of compounds and disposing of pole in advance. This
    chromatography system obtain a certain chiral separating ability because of
    the special structure of micellar in the coating layer on the fixed phase. Based
    on the obtained papers, we discuss the retention mechanism static ion
    chromatogram. We summarized retention lay of ions and molecular
    compounds by experiment method, and explained retention lay of polar
    molecules and ions in this chromatogram system by polarization theory, and
    lucubrated the application of chiral compounds with static ion chromatogram
    system. The contents include the following:
    1. Summarized the history and development of ion chromatogram and static
    ion chromatogram. Firstly we state briefly the foundation, history and
    branching of ion chromatogram. Then we summarize the study and current
    status of ion chromatogram through ion exchange chromatography, ion
    exclusion chromatography, chelated ion chromatograph, ion pair
    chromatography. We introduced the research fruits in the field of stationary
     陈悦鸣 吉林大学在职硕士学位论文 84
    
    
    静电离子色谱的研究与应用
    phase, detection, and application for ion chromatography. Secondly we
    introduce history and current status and the research fruits in the field of
    separating mechanism and practical applications of static ion chromatogram.
    2. Study the foundation and evaluation of EIC system. Based on obtained
    papers, we studied preparing conditions of (EIC)column. We discussed how
    the preparing conditions of (EIC)column can influence the thickness of
    coated layer and effective life-span by practical separation and analyses of
    inorganic, organic ion compounds and polar compounds. We find that, during
    the course of coating, thermodynamic cortrol can influence efficiency and life
    for column more effectively than kinetic cortrol; the rinse and laying out after
    coated zwitterionic surfactant can also influence the thickness and uniformity
    of layer coated. We saw about the performance of self-made EIC column,
    brought about the proving method of coated layer prediction of a person's luck
    in a after using EIC column and the main factors working on the life-span.
    Proved by examinations, our self-made EIC column can be used steadily more
    than 600 hours.
    3.Discovering the application of EIC system. About the application of EIC
    system, we first study the chromatography retention action of inorganic、
    organic compound and polar compound in EIC system, study the
    chromatography separation of some inorganic、organic anions and polar
    organic molecules in EIC system. And we also study the actual separation
    application of water soluble vitamins in the system. It discusses the separation
    condition of the components ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and
    dehydroisoascorbic acid, that are gotten by natural oxygenation of ascorbic
    acid with different concentration. It’s shown from the calculation of
    experiment results. As a result, there are good sectivities in separating polar or
    electrolyte organic compound using this system. The EIC stationary phase is
    easier method、shorter elution time、lower cost of mobile phase、less
    background disturbance than reversed phase chromatography, and it can fit for
     陈悦鸣 吉林大学在职硕士学位论文 85
    
    
    内容摘要
    requirements of many detectors’ detection conditions.
    4.Studying the applications in separating chiral analytes of EIC system. This
    article shows the applications in
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