塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系油气成藏体系及资源潜力
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摘要
叠合盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气富集规律和资源潜力评价一直是众多学者研究的热点,同时也是制约塔中油气勘探的“瓶颈”。塔中地区在塔里木盆地整体构造背景下,经历了“多期成盆、多期改造、多套烃源岩、多次生排烃、多期运聚散”的演化特征,导致其油气藏的形成过程极为复杂、资源潜力评价难度大。为准确认识其富集规律和资源潜力,在静态成藏要素分析的基础上,系统研究油气生成、运移、聚集及动态成藏过程等重大理论问题不仅是石油地质综合研究的重要内容,更是对指导我国叠合盆地海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探具有重要意义。
针对叠合盆地油气分布规律,论文以油气成藏体系研究方法为指导,根据“源-位”匹配关系分析了塔中奥陶系油气成藏要素的组合关系;结合典型油气藏解剖,分析了塔中奥陶系油气藏的分布规律与主控因素;采用“正反演”结合的思路模拟了塔中奥陶系油气成藏动态演化过程。研究表明,塔中油气成藏体系的油气富集主要受三个方面控制:油源和隆起格局控制了成藏体系的有效性;断裂对成藏体系内的油气聚散发挥了重要作用;盖层的有效性是成藏体系内油气保存中的关键。油气动态模拟结果表明:塔中奥陶系油气成藏体系演化过程划分为加里东晚期-海西早期油气聚散(早期聚散)、海西晚期油气聚散与古油藏调整(中期运聚与调整)、燕山-喜马拉雅期多源运聚与调整定型三个阶段,其中后两者对现今油藏贡献最大。
针对海相碳酸盐岩油气资源潜力评价,探索了以油气成藏体系为评价单元的海相碳酸盐岩资源评价方法。成因法方面,在油气成藏体系精细地质模型构建的基础上,运用混合法(多相达西流法+流径法)模拟了油气的运聚,有效解决了海相碳酸盐岩运聚系数难以确定的问题;在统计法方面,探索了中低勘探程度盆地广义帕莱托法关键参数的求取方法。基于上述两种方法开展了资源潜力评价,成因法资源评价中,塔中奥陶系聚集的油资源量为13.58亿吨、气资源量为5.23亿吨当量,合计为18.81亿吨;统计法资源评价中,预测的油藏总数为147个,油藏资源总量为7.82亿吨,预测的气藏总数为76个,气藏资源总量为5125.77亿方。
综合塔中奥陶系油气富集规律和油气资源潜力评价结果,根据供烃条件、圈闭落实程度、储层及储盖组合条件、油气输导条件及有利的油气运聚带、已有的油气藏或显示情况等,认为塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩中石化探区的重点勘探领域为位于塔中I号坡折带亚油气成藏体系西北倾没端的顺西区块和东端的卡4三维区块,其次为位于塔中Ⅱ号背冲带亚油气成藏体系卡1区块,位于塔中南斜坡亚油气成藏体系的卡2、3区块为风险勘探领域。
Accumulation regulations and resource assessment of marine carbonate in superimposed basins have been a focus for a long time, also be a bottleneck for exploration improvement of Tazhong District. Not only do those theories concerning the process of hydrocarbon generation, migration, trap and accumulation help researchers get more correct analysis of accumulation regulations and resource assessment than ever in Tazhong district, but also they should be verified and play a key role for exploration in marine carbonate in China superimposed basin .
As to the hydrocarbon distribution regulation in superimposed basin, we guided by the petroleum accumulation system theory, analyze the petroleum geologic elements’combination following source-location configuration, investigate the pools distribution and main controlling factors through typical pools anatomy, simulate the hydrocarbon formation and evolvement process using forward-inverse modeling. Here some conclusions are made and verified by those methods. There exist three tectonic events for making in-place accumulations corresponding to three stages of hydrocarbon expulsion and accumulation cycles demonstrated by kinds of simulations: Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian stage, Late Hercyin hydrocarbon accumulation, loss and paleo-reservior modification stage, Yanshan-Himalaya stage. The latter stages attributed more to accumulation. The petroleum system anatomy concludes the primary factors controlling the accumulation regulations respectively. Source rock and structural configuration affect the accumulation location, faults are the main pathways of hydrocarbon migration, and seal preserve hydrocarbon effectively.
This thesis also discusses and develops the existing and latest resource assessment methods applied to varieties of hydrocarbon accumulation units of marine carbonate. For genetic methods, hybrid approaches were combined to simulate the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation based on the sophisticated geologic model, which is effective to determine migration and accumulation parameter of marine carbonate rocks. For those statistical methods, taken General Pareto Method as example, q0(minimize reservoir size), qmax(maximized reservoir size ) , r(median reservoir size ) ,λ(distribution Feature Parameter) are suggested to be key parameters. Especially, equations for obtaining general Pareto key parameters for middle-lower exploration degree basin are highlight.
Above two kinds of assessment methods are applied to assess the Tazhong Ordovician resource respectively. With application of those genetic methods, Tazhong Ordovician oil resource in-place 1.34 billion ton, gas in-place 0.53 billion ton equivalents,1.88 billion ton total. With application of those statistic methods for oil reservoirs, reservoir total number estimated is 147, resource in place is 0.782 billion ton. With application of those statistic methods for gas reservoir, gas reservoir total number estimated is 76, gas resource in place is 512. 58 billion cubic meter.
Considering the assessment results of hydrocarbon accumulation regulations and resource potential and the analysis involving the source rock condition, traps determination degree, reservoir and seal conditions, migration and favorable hydrocarbon conditions, reservoir existed and oil shows, this thesis proposes that the Ordovician carbonate favorable areas for Sinopec in three orders: the first ones should be Shunxi district in northwest, ka 4 district in the east of the Tazhong I slope primary; ka 1 district along TazhongⅡback thrust belt should be secondary, and ka 2,3 district, southern slope of Tazhong are third ones as risk exploration area.
针对叠合盆地油气分布规律,论文以油气成藏体系研究方法为指导,根据“源-位”匹配关系分析了塔中奥陶系油气成藏要素的组合关系;结合典型油气藏解剖,分析了塔中奥陶系油气藏的分布规律与主控因素;采用“正反演”结合的思路模拟了塔中奥陶系油气成藏动态演化过程。研究表明,塔中油气成藏体系的油气富集主要受三个方面控制:油源和隆起格局控制了成藏体系的有效性;断裂对成藏体系内的油气聚散发挥了重要作用;盖层的有效性是成藏体系内油气保存中的关键。油气动态模拟结果表明:塔中奥陶系油气成藏体系演化过程划分为加里东晚期-海西早期油气聚散(早期聚散)、海西晚期油气聚散与古油藏调整(中期运聚与调整)、燕山-喜马拉雅期多源运聚与调整定型三个阶段,其中后两者对现今油藏贡献最大。
针对海相碳酸盐岩油气资源潜力评价,探索了以油气成藏体系为评价单元的海相碳酸盐岩资源评价方法。成因法方面,在油气成藏体系精细地质模型构建的基础上,运用混合法(多相达西流法+流径法)模拟了油气的运聚,有效解决了海相碳酸盐岩运聚系数难以确定的问题;在统计法方面,探索了中低勘探程度盆地广义帕莱托法关键参数的求取方法。基于上述两种方法开展了资源潜力评价,成因法资源评价中,塔中奥陶系聚集的油资源量为13.58亿吨、气资源量为5.23亿吨当量,合计为18.81亿吨;统计法资源评价中,预测的油藏总数为147个,油藏资源总量为7.82亿吨,预测的气藏总数为76个,气藏资源总量为5125.77亿方。
综合塔中奥陶系油气富集规律和油气资源潜力评价结果,根据供烃条件、圈闭落实程度、储层及储盖组合条件、油气输导条件及有利的油气运聚带、已有的油气藏或显示情况等,认为塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩中石化探区的重点勘探领域为位于塔中I号坡折带亚油气成藏体系西北倾没端的顺西区块和东端的卡4三维区块,其次为位于塔中Ⅱ号背冲带亚油气成藏体系卡1区块,位于塔中南斜坡亚油气成藏体系的卡2、3区块为风险勘探领域。
Accumulation regulations and resource assessment of marine carbonate in superimposed basins have been a focus for a long time, also be a bottleneck for exploration improvement of Tazhong District. Not only do those theories concerning the process of hydrocarbon generation, migration, trap and accumulation help researchers get more correct analysis of accumulation regulations and resource assessment than ever in Tazhong district, but also they should be verified and play a key role for exploration in marine carbonate in China superimposed basin .
As to the hydrocarbon distribution regulation in superimposed basin, we guided by the petroleum accumulation system theory, analyze the petroleum geologic elements’combination following source-location configuration, investigate the pools distribution and main controlling factors through typical pools anatomy, simulate the hydrocarbon formation and evolvement process using forward-inverse modeling. Here some conclusions are made and verified by those methods. There exist three tectonic events for making in-place accumulations corresponding to three stages of hydrocarbon expulsion and accumulation cycles demonstrated by kinds of simulations: Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian stage, Late Hercyin hydrocarbon accumulation, loss and paleo-reservior modification stage, Yanshan-Himalaya stage. The latter stages attributed more to accumulation. The petroleum system anatomy concludes the primary factors controlling the accumulation regulations respectively. Source rock and structural configuration affect the accumulation location, faults are the main pathways of hydrocarbon migration, and seal preserve hydrocarbon effectively.
This thesis also discusses and develops the existing and latest resource assessment methods applied to varieties of hydrocarbon accumulation units of marine carbonate. For genetic methods, hybrid approaches were combined to simulate the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation based on the sophisticated geologic model, which is effective to determine migration and accumulation parameter of marine carbonate rocks. For those statistical methods, taken General Pareto Method as example, q0(minimize reservoir size), qmax(maximized reservoir size ) , r(median reservoir size ) ,λ(distribution Feature Parameter) are suggested to be key parameters. Especially, equations for obtaining general Pareto key parameters for middle-lower exploration degree basin are highlight.
Above two kinds of assessment methods are applied to assess the Tazhong Ordovician resource respectively. With application of those genetic methods, Tazhong Ordovician oil resource in-place 1.34 billion ton, gas in-place 0.53 billion ton equivalents,1.88 billion ton total. With application of those statistic methods for oil reservoirs, reservoir total number estimated is 147, resource in place is 0.782 billion ton. With application of those statistic methods for gas reservoir, gas reservoir total number estimated is 76, gas resource in place is 512. 58 billion cubic meter.
Considering the assessment results of hydrocarbon accumulation regulations and resource potential and the analysis involving the source rock condition, traps determination degree, reservoir and seal conditions, migration and favorable hydrocarbon conditions, reservoir existed and oil shows, this thesis proposes that the Ordovician carbonate favorable areas for Sinopec in three orders: the first ones should be Shunxi district in northwest, ka 4 district in the east of the Tazhong I slope primary; ka 1 district along TazhongⅡback thrust belt should be secondary, and ka 2,3 district, southern slope of Tazhong are third ones as risk exploration area.
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