不同品种高羊茅耐热性及烯效唑浸种生理效应的研究
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摘要
高羊茅(Festuca arundinaces Schreb．)以其色泽青翠、绿期长、环境适应性强而被广泛应用。高羊茅在包括南京在内的过渡地带存在越夏难的问题。此外，高羊茅生长迅速，修剪消耗了巨大的人力和物力。本试验以14种高羊茅品种为研究对象，比较了它们的耐热性及在南京地区越夏的表观性状，并选择其中有代表性的五个品种研究了越夏期间草坪质量和生理特性变化的关系，初步探讨了草坪草的耐热机制，另外用不同浓度的烯效唑对两个生长速度不同的高羊茅品种进行浸种处理，研究其出苗率、幼苗的矮化效应以及对高温的响应生理。
以50℃水浴处理不同时间叶片的相对电导率拟合Sigmoidal曲线计算出的半致死时间来判断高羊茅不同品种的耐热性强弱，结果表明：耐热性强的是TF01和TF05；耐热性中等的是(从强到弱排列)：TF03，TF13，TF16，TF06，TF07，TF19，TF08和TF14；耐热性较弱的是(从强到弱排列)：TF11，TF10和TF18；耐热性最差的是TF12。越夏适应性结果表明，14个高羊茅品种可以分为三类，第一类是TF07，TF08，TF10和TF18四个品种，它们在高温前叶色深绿，具有较高的盖度和密度表现出较高的表观质量，但是从8月份起盖度和密度即降到最低值，8，9两个月表观质量一直位于所有品种之末，属于耐热性弱的品种。第二类是TF06，TF11，TF12，TF13，TF14，TF16和TF19在春季表现较好，高温期间仅一个月质量较低而后能较快恢复，它们属于耐热性中等的品种。第三类是TF01，TF03和TF05在整个夏季表观质量均位于首列，特别是TF03在实验期间春季表观质量较差，而夏季高温胁迫生长速率最高，可以保持较高的密度和盖度，表观质量较高。属于耐热性强的品种，这和半致死时间判断的耐热性强弱相似率达到65％。
选取有代表性的对夏季高温反应不同的五个高羊茅品种，研究表明，随着夏季高温强度的加剧和持续，各个品种的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量下降，丙二醛含量上升，而抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性则在高温初期(即七月份)上升到最高值，随着高温的加剧和持续(即八月份)，活性下降到最低值，气温回落后，活性又逐步回升。相关性分析也表明，越夏期间，高羊茅草坪质量与叶片丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.656，p＜0.01)，与叶片POD活性呈正相关(r=0.524，p＜0.01)；草坪质量的下降幅度与POD酶活性的下降幅度呈正相关(r=0.902，p＜0.05)。这说明高温逆境下耐热性强的品种的POD酶活下降较少，在热境下具有较高的POD酶活性是其较耐热的原因。
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinaces Schreb.) has been widely used in the playground, courtyard and etc., for its fresh green colour, long-green periods and strong adaptability to the enviroment. However, although it has the strongest heat tolerance among the cool-season grasses, It still has difficulty in overcoming summer stress in transitional areas including Nanjing. Since Tall Fescue growth fast, Clip costs the most of the money and manpower during the turf management. The paper compared the heat tolerance and growth characters of 14 Tall Fescue varieties in Nanjing across summer, and chose five representative varieties of them to study the relationship between the turf quality and their physiological characters , the heat tolerance mechanism were also discussed. Moreover, uniconzole were used to seed soak two Tall Fescue varieties which differed in growth speed, then seeding rate ,drawf effects and physiological reactions to high tempetature stress were studied..
According to the semi-lethal time, which derived from the Sigmoidal electrolyte curve, Heat tolerance of the 14 Tall Fescue varieties were compared, it showed, TF01 and TF05 had the strongest heat tolerance; then it comes to TF03, TF13, TF16, TF06, TF07, TF19 and TF14 and TF08; TF11, TF10 and TF18 were the were weak in heat tolerance; TF12 were the weakest.
The study on growth characters of Tall Fescue during summer turned out, the 14 Tall Fescue varieties could be classified into three categories: TF07, TF08, TF10 and TF18 belonged to the first category, they present high quality before summer stress for they had dark green leaves, high coverage and density, however, from August their coverage and density reduced to the lowest, and their turf quality remained to be the worst on both August and September. So they were weak in heat tolerance. TF06, TF11, TF12, TF13, TF14, TF16 and TF19 belonged to the second category, they grow well before summer stress, and they had worse quality for only one month. So they belonged to the mid-heat-tolerance varieties. TF01, TF03 and TF05 belonged to the last category, their turf quality were listed to the best during the whole summer, especially, TF03 had worst
以50℃水浴处理不同时间叶片的相对电导率拟合Sigmoidal曲线计算出的半致死时间来判断高羊茅不同品种的耐热性强弱，结果表明：耐热性强的是TF01和TF05；耐热性中等的是(从强到弱排列)：TF03，TF13，TF16，TF06，TF07，TF19，TF08和TF14；耐热性较弱的是(从强到弱排列)：TF11，TF10和TF18；耐热性最差的是TF12。越夏适应性结果表明，14个高羊茅品种可以分为三类，第一类是TF07，TF08，TF10和TF18四个品种，它们在高温前叶色深绿，具有较高的盖度和密度表现出较高的表观质量，但是从8月份起盖度和密度即降到最低值，8，9两个月表观质量一直位于所有品种之末，属于耐热性弱的品种。第二类是TF06，TF11，TF12，TF13，TF14，TF16和TF19在春季表现较好，高温期间仅一个月质量较低而后能较快恢复，它们属于耐热性中等的品种。第三类是TF01，TF03和TF05在整个夏季表观质量均位于首列，特别是TF03在实验期间春季表观质量较差，而夏季高温胁迫生长速率最高，可以保持较高的密度和盖度，表观质量较高。属于耐热性强的品种，这和半致死时间判断的耐热性强弱相似率达到65％。
选取有代表性的对夏季高温反应不同的五个高羊茅品种，研究表明，随着夏季高温强度的加剧和持续，各个品种的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量下降，丙二醛含量上升，而抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性则在高温初期(即七月份)上升到最高值，随着高温的加剧和持续(即八月份)，活性下降到最低值，气温回落后，活性又逐步回升。相关性分析也表明，越夏期间，高羊茅草坪质量与叶片丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.656，p＜0.01)，与叶片POD活性呈正相关(r=0.524，p＜0.01)；草坪质量的下降幅度与POD酶活性的下降幅度呈正相关(r=0.902，p＜0.05)。这说明高温逆境下耐热性强的品种的POD酶活下降较少，在热境下具有较高的POD酶活性是其较耐热的原因。
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinaces Schreb.) has been widely used in the playground, courtyard and etc., for its fresh green colour, long-green periods and strong adaptability to the enviroment. However, although it has the strongest heat tolerance among the cool-season grasses, It still has difficulty in overcoming summer stress in transitional areas including Nanjing. Since Tall Fescue growth fast, Clip costs the most of the money and manpower during the turf management. The paper compared the heat tolerance and growth characters of 14 Tall Fescue varieties in Nanjing across summer, and chose five representative varieties of them to study the relationship between the turf quality and their physiological characters , the heat tolerance mechanism were also discussed. Moreover, uniconzole were used to seed soak two Tall Fescue varieties which differed in growth speed, then seeding rate ,drawf effects and physiological reactions to high tempetature stress were studied..
According to the semi-lethal time, which derived from the Sigmoidal electrolyte curve, Heat tolerance of the 14 Tall Fescue varieties were compared, it showed, TF01 and TF05 had the strongest heat tolerance; then it comes to TF03, TF13, TF16, TF06, TF07, TF19 and TF14 and TF08; TF11, TF10 and TF18 were the were weak in heat tolerance; TF12 were the weakest.
The study on growth characters of Tall Fescue during summer turned out, the 14 Tall Fescue varieties could be classified into three categories: TF07, TF08, TF10 and TF18 belonged to the first category, they present high quality before summer stress for they had dark green leaves, high coverage and density, however, from August their coverage and density reduced to the lowest, and their turf quality remained to be the worst on both August and September. So they were weak in heat tolerance. TF06, TF11, TF12, TF13, TF14, TF16 and TF19 belonged to the second category, they grow well before summer stress, and they had worse quality for only one month. So they belonged to the mid-heat-tolerance varieties. TF01, TF03 and TF05 belonged to the last category, their turf quality were listed to the best during the whole summer, especially, TF03 had worst
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