海洋环境综合数据时空建模与可视化研究
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摘要
随着我国海洋资源开发和利用的不断深入,海洋环境监测已经成为海洋及环境保护领域重要的研究课题。长期以来海洋环境调查研究积累了大量的多源、异构、多维、动态、海量的海洋环境综合数据,特别是随着空间探测技术的飞速发展,这些数据更是以几何级数般速度增长。利用先进的地理空间信息技术对海洋环境综合数据进行管理和共享已经成为近几年的趋势。论文分析了目前GIS技术在海洋领域的应用中存在的不足,并针对其中的关键问题——海洋环境综合数据时空建模方法与可视化技术进行了研究。指出了现有的GIS数据模型在表达海洋环境数据上的不足,探索适合海洋时空数据的建模机制。在可视化表达上,引入科学可视化、虚拟现实仿真、体绘制、网格计算等计算机可视化领域的最新技术,结合海洋环境监测可视化系统的实际需求,提出了几种可行性强的基于GIS的可视化方法和技术路线,并将研究结果进行了实践和应用。具体的研究内容如下:
1、分析了现有GIS数据模型在海洋环境领域应用中的不足,提出了以场模型为主,基于场和对象联合建模的海洋环境数据概念模型,针对海洋时空数据的格网特性,提出了基于基态修正的快照格网模型,并设计了集成场和特征的面向对象的GIS时空数据模型。
2、讨论了GIS可视化的部分关键理论和技术,包括:科学计算可视化、地学可视化、虚拟现实仿真、虚拟GIS、三维图形原理、计算机图形开发技术、空间数据库引擎、分布式GIS、网格计算等,指出目前GIS可视化面临的难题及其在表达海洋环境数据上的不足,并提出了基于GIS的可视化技术集成框架。
3、分析了GIS空间数据库在可视化系统中的重要性,采用大型对象-关系型数据库Oracle对海洋环境数据进行一体化管理,针对海洋环境监测系统的实时性要求,给出了数据实时入库和分发的方法。为了实现海量数据的快速显示,采用基于多分辨率瓦片金字塔技术、海量数据索引技术和基于线程的实时调度等技术,达到了可视化实际应用的要求。
4、研究了海洋虚拟环境建模方法,提出了海空、海面、海体、海底的自然环境和非自然实体建模方法。针对真实感海浪的模拟,提出了用海洋波谱函数来对随机的海洋波面进行构造,这种基于二维空间的模拟方法,通过对给定能量谱的正弦分量进行多重求和,简单易行,并在视觉上获得较好的效果。
5、研究基于虚拟GIS的海洋环境虚拟可视化。分析了虚拟现实技术与GIS的结合方式,提出了构建虚拟GIS的两种开发策略,指出了虚拟现实和GIS的松散数据结合是较好的集成应用方式。为了更加逼真形象地描述虚拟海洋环境,提高程序的效率和质量,简化仿真建模过程,本文提出了基于三维图形引擎的松散式集成的设计方法,并设计开发了支持海洋虚拟环境的三维图形引擎OE3DGE。
6、根据海洋环境领域的应用特点提出了海洋多维动态数据的时空可视化方法,全面、详细和准确地表现和描述多维对象的空间特征和变化趋势。为海洋科研和工作人员提供一种可视化表达和分析工具,来直观的表达和揭示海洋现象和构造特征,提供海洋现象的动态变化、历史回溯和未来演变的可视化。
7、为了动态地显示海洋环境三维数据场的整体变化情况,提出了基于体绘制和面绘制的数据场三维动态可视化方法,在ArcGIS平台上给出了基于先进的可视化工具集VTK的可视化扩展解决方案,实现大规模数据场实时动态可视,为直观准确地了解海洋环境的状况提供指导。
8、针对海洋环境数据可视化中的数据量大、计算密集、效率低、分布式等特点,提出了面向网格计算可视化方法,通过动态的资源组织满足可视化应用的计算和数据存储需求,设计了面向海洋环境数据可视化的多层网格系统架构,讨论了面向网格的可视化流程,并以海洋环境数据的三维体绘制为例,对系统做了初步测试。
As the development of China's marine resources utilization, the marine environment monitoring has become an important research topic. During the long-term marine survey and research, prodigious amounts of complex marine environment data featured as multi-source, heterogeneous, multi-dimensional, dynamic in structure and temporal are accumulated. Especially with the development of remote sensing technology, such data has been generated rapidly. It has become a trend to utilize the spatial information technology in the management and sharing of the marine environment comprehensive data in recent years. By analyzing the problems existed in the marine GIS, this paper does research on the key technology of modeling and visualization of marine environment comprehensive data. Pointed out that the current GIS software's deficiency in expressing the marine data, introduced of the latest technology of computer visualization such as scientific visualization, virtual reality simulation, volume rendering and grid computing, to meet the marine environment monitoring visualization application requirements, put forward several practical visualization methods and techniques routes based on GIS, and make application of the technology in practice. Specific study as follows:
1. Analyzed the existing GIS data model's deficiency in applying to the marine environment field, put forward a field-based model, a joint model based on the field model and the object model, and snapshot grid model for marine temporal and spatial data. Designed the object-oriented data model which integrated field and feature.
2. Discussed the key theories and technologies of the GIS visualization, including: scientific computing visualization, Geo-Visualization, virtual reality simulation, virtual GIS, 3D graphics theory, computer graphics technology, spatial database engine, distributed GIS and grid computing, pointed out the challenges in the expression of marine environment data, and designed a GIS-based visualization technology integration framework.
3. Analyzed the importance of the spatial database in a visual system, used the object-relational database Oracle to store marine environment data. Designed the data real time storage and assigning method to meet marine environment monitoring system's requirements. Used the multi-resolution tile pyramid technology, massive data indexing technology, threads-based of real-time scheduling, and other technologies to reach the quickly display requirement of actual application.
4. Studied the modeling methods of marine virtual sense, proposed the marine natural environment and artificial entity modeling methods. In order to simulation the 3D marine wave, proposed use of marine spectrum function to structure the random marine wave. Such 2d-based simulation, through to multiple summation of the sine component given by energy spectrum, is easy and feasible, and obtains the good effect in the vision.
5. Researched virtual visualization of marine environment based on virtual GIS. Analyzed the integration of virtual reality technology and GIS, proposed two development strategies of virtual GIS, and pointed out that the loose data combined of virtual reality and GIS is the better integration method. In order to enhance the efficiency and the quality of procedures, simplify the process of modeling and simulation, this article has proposed the loosely-integrated design method based 3D graphics engine, and developed the marine environment 3D graphics engine OE3DGE.
6. According to the characteristics of the marine environment application, proposed marine multidimensional dynamic data visualization method. Describe the multi-dimensional characteristics of the space object and its change trend comprehensively, detailed and accurately. Providing marine scientific researcher a visual expression and analysis tools, intuitive expression and to reveal the marine phenomena and structural characteristics, providing the dynamic changes in ocean phenomena, historical retrospective and the visualization of future evolution.
7. In order to dynamically display marine environment 3D data in the overall change, proposed the visualization methods of 3D field data based on volume rendering. The scalable solutions based on ArcGIS platform using advanced visualization tool sets VTK of is given, to achieve large-scale real-time dynamic field data visualization, intuitive accurate understanding of the situation of the marine environment.
8. For the visualization of marine environmental data in large, compute-intensive, low efficiency, distributed, and other characteristics, proposed the grid-enabled visualization methods. Through the dynamic organization of resources to meet the visual computing applications and data storage needs, designed the multi-grid system architecture for the marine environment data visualization, and discussed the process of the grid-enabled visualization. Taken the volume rendering of marine environment data's as an example, has made the preliminary test of the system.
1、分析了现有GIS数据模型在海洋环境领域应用中的不足,提出了以场模型为主,基于场和对象联合建模的海洋环境数据概念模型,针对海洋时空数据的格网特性,提出了基于基态修正的快照格网模型,并设计了集成场和特征的面向对象的GIS时空数据模型。
2、讨论了GIS可视化的部分关键理论和技术,包括:科学计算可视化、地学可视化、虚拟现实仿真、虚拟GIS、三维图形原理、计算机图形开发技术、空间数据库引擎、分布式GIS、网格计算等,指出目前GIS可视化面临的难题及其在表达海洋环境数据上的不足,并提出了基于GIS的可视化技术集成框架。
3、分析了GIS空间数据库在可视化系统中的重要性,采用大型对象-关系型数据库Oracle对海洋环境数据进行一体化管理,针对海洋环境监测系统的实时性要求,给出了数据实时入库和分发的方法。为了实现海量数据的快速显示,采用基于多分辨率瓦片金字塔技术、海量数据索引技术和基于线程的实时调度等技术,达到了可视化实际应用的要求。
4、研究了海洋虚拟环境建模方法,提出了海空、海面、海体、海底的自然环境和非自然实体建模方法。针对真实感海浪的模拟,提出了用海洋波谱函数来对随机的海洋波面进行构造,这种基于二维空间的模拟方法,通过对给定能量谱的正弦分量进行多重求和,简单易行,并在视觉上获得较好的效果。
5、研究基于虚拟GIS的海洋环境虚拟可视化。分析了虚拟现实技术与GIS的结合方式,提出了构建虚拟GIS的两种开发策略,指出了虚拟现实和GIS的松散数据结合是较好的集成应用方式。为了更加逼真形象地描述虚拟海洋环境,提高程序的效率和质量,简化仿真建模过程,本文提出了基于三维图形引擎的松散式集成的设计方法,并设计开发了支持海洋虚拟环境的三维图形引擎OE3DGE。
6、根据海洋环境领域的应用特点提出了海洋多维动态数据的时空可视化方法,全面、详细和准确地表现和描述多维对象的空间特征和变化趋势。为海洋科研和工作人员提供一种可视化表达和分析工具,来直观的表达和揭示海洋现象和构造特征,提供海洋现象的动态变化、历史回溯和未来演变的可视化。
7、为了动态地显示海洋环境三维数据场的整体变化情况,提出了基于体绘制和面绘制的数据场三维动态可视化方法,在ArcGIS平台上给出了基于先进的可视化工具集VTK的可视化扩展解决方案,实现大规模数据场实时动态可视,为直观准确地了解海洋环境的状况提供指导。
8、针对海洋环境数据可视化中的数据量大、计算密集、效率低、分布式等特点,提出了面向网格计算可视化方法,通过动态的资源组织满足可视化应用的计算和数据存储需求,设计了面向海洋环境数据可视化的多层网格系统架构,讨论了面向网格的可视化流程,并以海洋环境数据的三维体绘制为例,对系统做了初步测试。
As the development of China's marine resources utilization, the marine environment monitoring has become an important research topic. During the long-term marine survey and research, prodigious amounts of complex marine environment data featured as multi-source, heterogeneous, multi-dimensional, dynamic in structure and temporal are accumulated. Especially with the development of remote sensing technology, such data has been generated rapidly. It has become a trend to utilize the spatial information technology in the management and sharing of the marine environment comprehensive data in recent years. By analyzing the problems existed in the marine GIS, this paper does research on the key technology of modeling and visualization of marine environment comprehensive data. Pointed out that the current GIS software's deficiency in expressing the marine data, introduced of the latest technology of computer visualization such as scientific visualization, virtual reality simulation, volume rendering and grid computing, to meet the marine environment monitoring visualization application requirements, put forward several practical visualization methods and techniques routes based on GIS, and make application of the technology in practice. Specific study as follows:
1. Analyzed the existing GIS data model's deficiency in applying to the marine environment field, put forward a field-based model, a joint model based on the field model and the object model, and snapshot grid model for marine temporal and spatial data. Designed the object-oriented data model which integrated field and feature.
2. Discussed the key theories and technologies of the GIS visualization, including: scientific computing visualization, Geo-Visualization, virtual reality simulation, virtual GIS, 3D graphics theory, computer graphics technology, spatial database engine, distributed GIS and grid computing, pointed out the challenges in the expression of marine environment data, and designed a GIS-based visualization technology integration framework.
3. Analyzed the importance of the spatial database in a visual system, used the object-relational database Oracle to store marine environment data. Designed the data real time storage and assigning method to meet marine environment monitoring system's requirements. Used the multi-resolution tile pyramid technology, massive data indexing technology, threads-based of real-time scheduling, and other technologies to reach the quickly display requirement of actual application.
4. Studied the modeling methods of marine virtual sense, proposed the marine natural environment and artificial entity modeling methods. In order to simulation the 3D marine wave, proposed use of marine spectrum function to structure the random marine wave. Such 2d-based simulation, through to multiple summation of the sine component given by energy spectrum, is easy and feasible, and obtains the good effect in the vision.
5. Researched virtual visualization of marine environment based on virtual GIS. Analyzed the integration of virtual reality technology and GIS, proposed two development strategies of virtual GIS, and pointed out that the loose data combined of virtual reality and GIS is the better integration method. In order to enhance the efficiency and the quality of procedures, simplify the process of modeling and simulation, this article has proposed the loosely-integrated design method based 3D graphics engine, and developed the marine environment 3D graphics engine OE3DGE.
6. According to the characteristics of the marine environment application, proposed marine multidimensional dynamic data visualization method. Describe the multi-dimensional characteristics of the space object and its change trend comprehensively, detailed and accurately. Providing marine scientific researcher a visual expression and analysis tools, intuitive expression and to reveal the marine phenomena and structural characteristics, providing the dynamic changes in ocean phenomena, historical retrospective and the visualization of future evolution.
7. In order to dynamically display marine environment 3D data in the overall change, proposed the visualization methods of 3D field data based on volume rendering. The scalable solutions based on ArcGIS platform using advanced visualization tool sets VTK of is given, to achieve large-scale real-time dynamic field data visualization, intuitive accurate understanding of the situation of the marine environment.
8. For the visualization of marine environmental data in large, compute-intensive, low efficiency, distributed, and other characteristics, proposed the grid-enabled visualization methods. Through the dynamic organization of resources to meet the visual computing applications and data storage needs, designed the multi-grid system architecture for the marine environment data visualization, and discussed the process of the grid-enabled visualization. Taken the volume rendering of marine environment data's as an example, has made the preliminary test of the system.
引文
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