大连湾海域氨氮、磷酸盐及藻类生长的数值模拟研究
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摘要
本文以大连湾海域为主要研究区域,以大连湾的主要污染物氨氮和磷酸盐为主要研究对象,基于对历史资料与监测数据的分析,用数值模拟技术,建立了适用于模拟大连湾主要污染物氨氮-磷酸盐及预测藻类生长的季节性三维水运动-水质模型。模型再现了大连湾水文要素和主要污染物-氨氮和磷酸盐在大连湾水体中的分布变化规律,定性分析了营养盐(主要指氨氮和磷酸盐)结构对藻类生产的影响,预测了浮游植物的空间分布特性和季节变化机理、污染物负荷的排放量和排放位置的变化对大连湾水体的影响,并基于Tecplot图形工具对大连湾水质模拟结果数据进行了可视化,为大连湾的水质规划和管理提供科学依据。
模拟结果表明,由于排污口区水交换能力弱,污染物被排放之后不能及时被稀释,而积累形成污染。在湾顶部,扩散过程是影响氨氮、磷酸盐及藻类碳浓度的主要因素;在湾中部,硝化过程是影响氨氮浓度的主要因素,浮游植物的死亡率是影响磷酸盐浓度的主要因素,磷酸盐的含量是藻类生长的限制性因素。陆源负荷是氨氮的主要来源,底层腐殖质的分解补充是湾中部及湾口区磷酸盐的主要来源。
营养盐负荷对大连湾水质的影响主要集中在湾顶部的排污口区,随着污染物负荷的增加水体中相应的污染物浓度迅速增加,营养盐浓度对藻类生产的影响越来越小。
总负荷的变化对藻类生产的影响与磷酸盐负荷对藻类的影响类似,大于氨氮负荷对藻类的影响,且在大连湾的湾顶部,年平均N/P比率大大高于16。氨氮浓度和磷酸盐浓度的变化对藻类生长的影响定性分析结果也说明在湾顶部,磷酸盐是限制性营养盐。由于湾中高的无机氮的输入,N/P的值越来越高,在这种情况下,一旦有高的磷输入时,就有可能引发某些种的水华的发生。可以通过控制磷的排放来控制大连湾水体中藻类的生长。
不同的排放位置对大连湾水体影响的差异反映了海域局部自净能力的差异。如果排污点源位于水交换能力大的湾口附近的陆源边界,则进入该海域的污染物质在海洋环境动力作用下会很快地被输送扩散,而不会在点源附近积累。
The dominating pollutants in the Dalian bay, such as ammonium nitrogen and phosphate, were the focus of attention in this paper. Based on the analysis of historical records and measured data, the three-dimensional hydrodynamics and water quality model have been established with numerical simulation technique. The distribution and variation of the hydrologic features and the main pollutants in the Dalian bay were repeated in the model. Qualitative analysis was applied on the influence of nutrient (as ammonium nitrogen and phosphate mainly) structure on alga production. The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of phytoplankton were simulated. The influence of the wastewater loads and the discharge stations on the water quality was predicted. The visualization of the water quality model was developed with Tecplot tools. It could be adopted in the coastal management of Dalian Bay.The simulation results implied that for the poor flow capacity of water in the existing outlet, the discharged pollutants are not diluted in time but accumulated and result in sea water pollution. In Bay tip diffusion is the main factor affecting the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and alga carbon. In Bay mid, the nitrification consumption and the phytoplankton mortality decides the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate and the phosphate limits the alga production. Land loads supply the ammonia nitrogen primarily in Bay and the sea bed humus supplies the phosphate primarily in Bay mid and Bay mouth.The region of nutrient load influence on water quality is chiefly located in outlet area in Bay tip. The concentration of pollutant increases along with the load rapidly and the effect of the nutrient on alga production becomes weak gradually.The total land loads and the phosphate play the similar role on the algal production; they are stronger than ammonia nitrogen on the algal production. In the Bay tip the year average N/P value was higher than 16. The influence of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate on alga production indicated that phosphate is the limiting nutrient in algal production in Bay tip. Due to high nitrogen input, the N/P value will be very high; in case the high phosphorus input added, some kind algae blooming will be initiated. The alga production could be controlled through reducing the phosphate load.The different influence of various outlet positions on the water quality reflects water's self-purification in different region. If the outlet position was changed into the bay mouth with the
rich flow capacity, the pollution will be diffused and transported promptly by marine environmental dynamic effect but not accumulated around the point sources.
模拟结果表明,由于排污口区水交换能力弱,污染物被排放之后不能及时被稀释,而积累形成污染。在湾顶部,扩散过程是影响氨氮、磷酸盐及藻类碳浓度的主要因素;在湾中部,硝化过程是影响氨氮浓度的主要因素,浮游植物的死亡率是影响磷酸盐浓度的主要因素,磷酸盐的含量是藻类生长的限制性因素。陆源负荷是氨氮的主要来源,底层腐殖质的分解补充是湾中部及湾口区磷酸盐的主要来源。
营养盐负荷对大连湾水质的影响主要集中在湾顶部的排污口区,随着污染物负荷的增加水体中相应的污染物浓度迅速增加,营养盐浓度对藻类生产的影响越来越小。
总负荷的变化对藻类生产的影响与磷酸盐负荷对藻类的影响类似,大于氨氮负荷对藻类的影响,且在大连湾的湾顶部,年平均N/P比率大大高于16。氨氮浓度和磷酸盐浓度的变化对藻类生长的影响定性分析结果也说明在湾顶部,磷酸盐是限制性营养盐。由于湾中高的无机氮的输入,N/P的值越来越高,在这种情况下,一旦有高的磷输入时,就有可能引发某些种的水华的发生。可以通过控制磷的排放来控制大连湾水体中藻类的生长。
不同的排放位置对大连湾水体影响的差异反映了海域局部自净能力的差异。如果排污点源位于水交换能力大的湾口附近的陆源边界,则进入该海域的污染物质在海洋环境动力作用下会很快地被输送扩散,而不会在点源附近积累。
The dominating pollutants in the Dalian bay, such as ammonium nitrogen and phosphate, were the focus of attention in this paper. Based on the analysis of historical records and measured data, the three-dimensional hydrodynamics and water quality model have been established with numerical simulation technique. The distribution and variation of the hydrologic features and the main pollutants in the Dalian bay were repeated in the model. Qualitative analysis was applied on the influence of nutrient (as ammonium nitrogen and phosphate mainly) structure on alga production. The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of phytoplankton were simulated. The influence of the wastewater loads and the discharge stations on the water quality was predicted. The visualization of the water quality model was developed with Tecplot tools. It could be adopted in the coastal management of Dalian Bay.The simulation results implied that for the poor flow capacity of water in the existing outlet, the discharged pollutants are not diluted in time but accumulated and result in sea water pollution. In Bay tip diffusion is the main factor affecting the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and alga carbon. In Bay mid, the nitrification consumption and the phytoplankton mortality decides the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate and the phosphate limits the alga production. Land loads supply the ammonia nitrogen primarily in Bay and the sea bed humus supplies the phosphate primarily in Bay mid and Bay mouth.The region of nutrient load influence on water quality is chiefly located in outlet area in Bay tip. The concentration of pollutant increases along with the load rapidly and the effect of the nutrient on alga production becomes weak gradually.The total land loads and the phosphate play the similar role on the algal production; they are stronger than ammonia nitrogen on the algal production. In the Bay tip the year average N/P value was higher than 16. The influence of ammonia nitrogen and phosphate on alga production indicated that phosphate is the limiting nutrient in algal production in Bay tip. Due to high nitrogen input, the N/P value will be very high; in case the high phosphorus input added, some kind algae blooming will be initiated. The alga production could be controlled through reducing the phosphate load.The different influence of various outlet positions on the water quality reflects water's self-purification in different region. If the outlet position was changed into the bay mouth with the
rich flow capacity, the pollution will be diffused and transported promptly by marine environmental dynamic effect but not accumulated around the point sources.
引文
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