UV-B辐射增强和藻间相互作用对中肋骨条藻种群动态的影响研究
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摘要
因臭氧层衰减而导致的UV-B(280nm-320nm)辐射增强是目前颇受关注的全球性的重大环境问题之一。UV-B辐射增强不仅能够对海洋生物构成伤害,而且还会对整个海洋生态系统产生明显的影响。而赤潮是全球性的海洋生态灾害,近年来,我国近岸海域赤潮发生的频率、波及范围和危害程度呈上升趋势。赤潮对海洋生态环境、渔业资源和海水养殖业直接或间接造成了不可估量的负面影响,成为当前污染生态学研究的热点之一。
本文以我国常见赤潮微藻-中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为实验对象,采用实验生态学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对其种群消长动态的影响,探讨了中肋骨条藻与一种海洋饵料微藻—青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandicavar)之间的竞争作用,并对其藻间竞争的机制及其对UV-B辐射增强的响应进行了初步探讨。研究结果如下:
1不同起始接种密度对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响
采用单养的方式研究了不同起始接种密度对中肋骨条藻种群动态的影响。结果表明:单养条件下,中肋骨条藻的不同起始接种密度明显影响其种群动态变化,随着起始密度的增加,中肋骨条藻生长进入指数生长期和静止期的时间以及达到种群最大密度的时间缩短,所达到的种群最大密度降低。
2 UV-B辐射增强对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响
运用生态毒理学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响。低于1.2J/m2的UV-B辐射处理对中肋骨条藻的种群增长有刺激作用,大于1.8J/m2时,随UV-B辐射剂量的增加,中肋骨条藻的种群增长的抑制作用逐渐增强;UV-B辐射增强对不同起始接种密度的中肋骨条藻种群增长的影响表现出一定的差异性,随中肋骨条藻起始密度的增加,UV-B辐射对中肋骨条藻的抑制作用呈现先减后增的规律。
3青岛大扁藻对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响
与青岛大扁藻共培养的结果表明,青岛大扁藻对中肋骨条藻种群的增长有抑制作用,青岛大扁藻的起始接种密度影响中肋骨条藻种群动态的变化,随着共培养体系中青岛大扁藻接种密度的增加,其对中肋骨条藻种群增长的抑制作用逐渐加强,表现在进入指数生长期的时间提前,使其指数期和静止期缩短,种群所能达到的密度峰值降低。
4 UV-B辐射增强与青岛大扁藻联合作用对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响
运用生态毒理学的方法研究了共培养条件下UV-B辐射增强与青岛大扁藻共同作用对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响。研究结果显示,UV-B辐射处理与青岛大扁藻共同作用加重了对中肋骨条藻种群增长的抑制作用,且随青岛大扁藻起始接种密度增加,抑制作用增强。
5青岛大扁藻与中肋骨条藻竞争机制及其对UV-B辐射的响应
运用生态毒理学方法和统计学方法研究了青岛大扁藻与中肋骨条藻的竞争机制以及对UV-B辐射增强的响应变化。资源性竞争和干扰性竞争同时存在于中肋骨条藻与青岛大扁藻共培养体系中。青岛大扁藻通过干扰性竞争抑制中肋骨条藻的生长,中肋骨条藻对青岛大扁藻的作用则为资源性竞争。UV-B辐射处理改变了中肋骨条藻与青岛大扁藻的竞争机制。UV-B辐射处理后,中肋骨条藻与青岛大扁藻之间的竞争关系为资源性竞争。
Red tide was a global marine ecological calamity too. In recent years,there has been an increase in frequency, affected area and extent of injury of red tide outbreaks in coastal waters of our country. Due to the worsened cultural environment and increased nutrient enrichment , red tides occurred more frequency and great harm ,nutrient enrichment and harmful red tides in coastal waters had become one of the most important fields among worldwide-concerned, newly-emerging significant marine environmental problems,which were associated with global changes and in bad need of being studied and solved. Zooplankton grazing played an important role in the development of red tides, marine zooplankton selective grazing can significantly affect the phytoplankton community dynamics and control the rhythm, scale and fate of marine primary productivity. Enhanced UV-B (280nm-320nm) radiation resulting from ozone depletion is one of global environmental problems. Not only marine organisms But also marine ecosystem can be affected by enhanced UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation can significantly damage marine microalgae. The main targets are protein,DNA and photosynthetic pigments,and so on.
A common red tide- Skeletonema costatum was selected to serve as experimental materials, and its growth were estimated under controlled laboratory conditions when stressed by P. helgolandicavar and enhanced UV-B radiation. The results could supply experimental base to answer the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation and interspecies on red tides, hence enhance our ability to understand and mitigate red t ides. Results showed:
1 Effects of initial cell densities of S.costatum on population growth of S.costatum
The solitary culture methods were used to examine the effects of initial cell densities of S.costatum on population growth of S.costatum. The results showed that: The different initial cell densities of S.costatum have the apparent effects on its population growth. With promotion of the initial cell density,the time of entering exponential phase and stationary phase could be shortened,and the maximum population density could be decreased under solitary cultivated conditions;
2 Effects of initial cell densities of S.costatum and different species of microalgae on population growth of S.costatum
The co-culture methods were used to examine the effects of P. helgolandicavar on population growth of S.costatum. The results showed that: The different effects were presented on population growth of S.costatum when stressed by P. helgolandicavar. The different initial cell densities of P. helgolandicavar also affected population growth of S.costatum, the inhibitation effect on S.costatum was increased gradually with increasing of initial cell densities of P. helgolandicavar in co-cultured system; the inhibitation effects were showed with curtate exponential phase and stationary phase, and decreased the maximum population density of S.costatum.
3 Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on population growth of S.costatum under solitary cultivated and co-cultivated conditions
The ecotoxicological method was used to determine the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on population growth of S.costatum under solitary cultivated. The results were showed as follows: UV-B radiation could stimulate the growth of S.costatum when the dose was lower than 1.2J/m2 while UV-B radiation also exhibited inhibitation effect to the growth of S.costatum when the dose was higher than 1.8J/m2, and inhibitation effect was enhanced with the increasing of UV-B radiation dose; The effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on S.costatum was changed under different initial cell density of S.costatum under solitary cultivated conditions, the inhibitation effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on S.costatum was presented an increasing first and then decreasing gradually with increasing of initial cell densities of S.costatum;
4 Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on population growth of S.costatum under solitary cultivated and co-cultivated conditions
The ecotoxicological method was used to determine the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on population growth of S.costatum under co-cultivated conditions with P. helgolandicavar. The results were showed that Population growth of S.costatum was changed by enhanced UV-B radiation under co-cultivated condition with P. helgolandicavar, the population cell density of S.costatum was decreased significantly in cultured system of P.helgolandicavar, and the inhibitation effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on S.costatum was increased gradually with increasing of initial cell densities of P.helgolandicavar in co-cultural system.
5 Competition mechanisms between P. helgolandicavar and S.costatum and response to UV-B radiation
The ecotoxicological and statistics method was selected to examine interaction mechanisms between P. helgolandicavar and S.costatum and response of the interaction mechanics to UV-B radiation. Results indicated that interference competition and exploitation competition were coexistent in co-cultural system. P. helgolandicavar exhibited inhibitive effect to S.costatum through interference competition, S.costatum while presented an exploitation competition to P. helgolandicavar. The interaction mechanisms between P. helgolandicavar and S.costatum were changed by UV-B radiation stressed. A complete exploitation competition was showed between P. helgolandicavar and S.costatum after treated by UV-B radiation.
本文以我国常见赤潮微藻-中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为实验对象,采用实验生态学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对其种群消长动态的影响,探讨了中肋骨条藻与一种海洋饵料微藻—青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandicavar)之间的竞争作用,并对其藻间竞争的机制及其对UV-B辐射增强的响应进行了初步探讨。研究结果如下:
1不同起始接种密度对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响
采用单养的方式研究了不同起始接种密度对中肋骨条藻种群动态的影响。结果表明:单养条件下,中肋骨条藻的不同起始接种密度明显影响其种群动态变化,随着起始密度的增加,中肋骨条藻生长进入指数生长期和静止期的时间以及达到种群最大密度的时间缩短,所达到的种群最大密度降低。
2 UV-B辐射增强对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响
运用生态毒理学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响。低于1.2J/m2的UV-B辐射处理对中肋骨条藻的种群增长有刺激作用,大于1.8J/m2时,随UV-B辐射剂量的增加,中肋骨条藻的种群增长的抑制作用逐渐增强;UV-B辐射增强对不同起始接种密度的中肋骨条藻种群增长的影响表现出一定的差异性,随中肋骨条藻起始密度的增加,UV-B辐射对中肋骨条藻的抑制作用呈现先减后增的规律。
3青岛大扁藻对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响
与青岛大扁藻共培养的结果表明,青岛大扁藻对中肋骨条藻种群的增长有抑制作用,青岛大扁藻的起始接种密度影响中肋骨条藻种群动态的变化,随着共培养体系中青岛大扁藻接种密度的增加,其对中肋骨条藻种群增长的抑制作用逐渐加强,表现在进入指数生长期的时间提前,使其指数期和静止期缩短,种群所能达到的密度峰值降低。
4 UV-B辐射增强与青岛大扁藻联合作用对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响
运用生态毒理学的方法研究了共培养条件下UV-B辐射增强与青岛大扁藻共同作用对中肋骨条藻实验种群动态的影响。研究结果显示,UV-B辐射处理与青岛大扁藻共同作用加重了对中肋骨条藻种群增长的抑制作用,且随青岛大扁藻起始接种密度增加,抑制作用增强。
5青岛大扁藻与中肋骨条藻竞争机制及其对UV-B辐射的响应
运用生态毒理学方法和统计学方法研究了青岛大扁藻与中肋骨条藻的竞争机制以及对UV-B辐射增强的响应变化。资源性竞争和干扰性竞争同时存在于中肋骨条藻与青岛大扁藻共培养体系中。青岛大扁藻通过干扰性竞争抑制中肋骨条藻的生长,中肋骨条藻对青岛大扁藻的作用则为资源性竞争。UV-B辐射处理改变了中肋骨条藻与青岛大扁藻的竞争机制。UV-B辐射处理后,中肋骨条藻与青岛大扁藻之间的竞争关系为资源性竞争。
Red tide was a global marine ecological calamity too. In recent years,there has been an increase in frequency, affected area and extent of injury of red tide outbreaks in coastal waters of our country. Due to the worsened cultural environment and increased nutrient enrichment , red tides occurred more frequency and great harm ,nutrient enrichment and harmful red tides in coastal waters had become one of the most important fields among worldwide-concerned, newly-emerging significant marine environmental problems,which were associated with global changes and in bad need of being studied and solved. Zooplankton grazing played an important role in the development of red tides, marine zooplankton selective grazing can significantly affect the phytoplankton community dynamics and control the rhythm, scale and fate of marine primary productivity. Enhanced UV-B (280nm-320nm) radiation resulting from ozone depletion is one of global environmental problems. Not only marine organisms But also marine ecosystem can be affected by enhanced UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation can significantly damage marine microalgae. The main targets are protein,DNA and photosynthetic pigments,and so on.
A common red tide- Skeletonema costatum was selected to serve as experimental materials, and its growth were estimated under controlled laboratory conditions when stressed by P. helgolandicavar and enhanced UV-B radiation. The results could supply experimental base to answer the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation and interspecies on red tides, hence enhance our ability to understand and mitigate red t ides. Results showed:
1 Effects of initial cell densities of S.costatum on population growth of S.costatum
The solitary culture methods were used to examine the effects of initial cell densities of S.costatum on population growth of S.costatum. The results showed that: The different initial cell densities of S.costatum have the apparent effects on its population growth. With promotion of the initial cell density,the time of entering exponential phase and stationary phase could be shortened,and the maximum population density could be decreased under solitary cultivated conditions;
2 Effects of initial cell densities of S.costatum and different species of microalgae on population growth of S.costatum
The co-culture methods were used to examine the effects of P. helgolandicavar on population growth of S.costatum. The results showed that: The different effects were presented on population growth of S.costatum when stressed by P. helgolandicavar. The different initial cell densities of P. helgolandicavar also affected population growth of S.costatum, the inhibitation effect on S.costatum was increased gradually with increasing of initial cell densities of P. helgolandicavar in co-cultured system; the inhibitation effects were showed with curtate exponential phase and stationary phase, and decreased the maximum population density of S.costatum.
3 Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on population growth of S.costatum under solitary cultivated and co-cultivated conditions
The ecotoxicological method was used to determine the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on population growth of S.costatum under solitary cultivated. The results were showed as follows: UV-B radiation could stimulate the growth of S.costatum when the dose was lower than 1.2J/m2 while UV-B radiation also exhibited inhibitation effect to the growth of S.costatum when the dose was higher than 1.8J/m2, and inhibitation effect was enhanced with the increasing of UV-B radiation dose; The effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on S.costatum was changed under different initial cell density of S.costatum under solitary cultivated conditions, the inhibitation effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on S.costatum was presented an increasing first and then decreasing gradually with increasing of initial cell densities of S.costatum;
4 Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on population growth of S.costatum under solitary cultivated and co-cultivated conditions
The ecotoxicological method was used to determine the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on population growth of S.costatum under co-cultivated conditions with P. helgolandicavar. The results were showed that Population growth of S.costatum was changed by enhanced UV-B radiation under co-cultivated condition with P. helgolandicavar, the population cell density of S.costatum was decreased significantly in cultured system of P.helgolandicavar, and the inhibitation effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on S.costatum was increased gradually with increasing of initial cell densities of P.helgolandicavar in co-cultural system.
5 Competition mechanisms between P. helgolandicavar and S.costatum and response to UV-B radiation
The ecotoxicological and statistics method was selected to examine interaction mechanisms between P. helgolandicavar and S.costatum and response of the interaction mechanics to UV-B radiation. Results indicated that interference competition and exploitation competition were coexistent in co-cultural system. P. helgolandicavar exhibited inhibitive effect to S.costatum through interference competition, S.costatum while presented an exploitation competition to P. helgolandicavar. The interaction mechanisms between P. helgolandicavar and S.costatum were changed by UV-B radiation stressed. A complete exploitation competition was showed between P. helgolandicavar and S.costatum after treated by UV-B radiation.
引文
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