一维有机纳微米晶材料的自组装及其电荷传输性能的研究
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摘要
本论文中，我们设计、合成了四个系列共十二种有机化合物，用多种方法分别将它们自组装成多种形貌的纳微米尺寸晶体，并使用这些纳微米晶体制备了场效晶体管器件和光照﹑气体传感器等，研究了它们作为高效率、低成本光电材料的潜在应用价值。
1、制备了具有平面骨架结构的n型半导体化合物TDT，通过简单的溶液方法将其可控的自组装成一维超长纳微米线或纳微米管。通过制备场效应晶体管器件发现这些超长的纳微米线显示出了良好的导电性能和较高的电子迁移率(0.04cm2V–1s–1)。
2、通过简单的溶液方法，自组装制备了基于AuI AuI分子间相互作用构筑的Au3A3纳微米线。通过制备场效应晶体管器件发现这些Au3A3纳微米线显示出了较高的空穴迁移率(0.23cm2V–1s–1)。我们还发现利用这些纳微米线制备的器件具有光照和气体传感的性质，且这些传感信号都具备灵敏度高、可逆性好和响应时间快等特点。
3、以氟取代喹吖啶酮（n-FQA）系列化合物为原料，采用溶液方法分别自组装了带状和片状的纳微米晶体。利用这些纳微米晶制备了场效晶体管器件，结果发现由于形貌及堆积方式的区别这些分子结构相似的材料表现出了多种不同的电荷传输性质。为了更好的解释该结果，我们还通过分子堆积﹑密度泛函理论计算和飞行时间迁移率计算等方法对系列化合物的传输性质进行了分析和研究。通过这些结果我们可以揭示出n-FQA系列化合物的晶体形貌及堆积结构对其传输性能的影响。
4、制备了系列铂席夫碱化合物（nAS_2Pt），通过多种溶剂测试发现16AS_2Pt的四氯乙烷溶液具有一定的凝胶特性。使用扫描电镜及普通照相机对16AS_2Pt的凝胶形貌和凝胶形态进行了表征。考察了nAS_2Pt系列化合物的浓度依赖紫外光谱和荧光光谱。培养了6AS_2Pt化合物的单晶，并通过分析其分子堆积结构解释了16AS_2Pt凝胶的形成。
Organic nano/micro materials, especially one dimensional organic nano/micromaterials has received much attention amongst scientific researchers lately. Because oftheir special photoelectricity properties and molecular packing structures, organicfunctional materials such as nano/microwires or bands with one dimentional, highlyordered structures have attracted large amounts of attention. Some of these research planshave made tremendous breakthroughs and some materials have even been applied inindustrial fields. These materials have potential values in fields such as gas sensing,OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode), OFET(Organic Field Effect Transistors), multifiberlightguides and solar cells. The morphology and molecular structures of materalcompounds will affect their functional features, many organic one dimentional materialsposses special photoelectricity properties, amoung which one dimentional organicsemiconductive materials is one of the most prominent types. Compared to traditionalinorganic semiconductive materials, organic semiconductive materials are easy tosynthesize, easy to purify and has better solubility, these characteristics allow scientificresearchers to use these materials to prepare special electronic devices bias non-traditionalmethods. The OFET is one of the most attractive fields in semiconductive materials,because compared to traditional films, single crystals posses more perfect molecularpacking structures, which can lead to better charge transfer characteristics and mobilityrates. This thesis sets off from the design and synthesis of organic semiconductivematerials, then we self assembled them into one-dimensional organic nano/microcrystals, and then used them to fabricate organic electronic devices to research their field-effecttransistor, gas sensor, light sensor and gel forming properties. This research can not onlyhelp us unearth some organic semiconductive materials with great applying potentials butcan also provide some new ideas and inspiration for the production and design of newsemiconductive materials in the future.
1. In chapter, two planar molecules TDT and SDT were synthesized. A simplesolution process allows us to controllably synthesize large quantities of well-defined, airstable1D microtubes or ultralong microwires from the two compounds. Electricalconductive devices based on the ultralong microwires fabricated in situ on SiO2substratewith interdigitated electrodes exhibited excellent conductivity properties. To furtherdemonstrate the potential as an n-type semiconductor, the electrical characteristics oftop-contact organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices based on TDT nanowires weremeasured in ambient laboratory conditions, the results showed high performance(10-2cm2/Vs) compared to known reports on high mobility nano/micro scale n-typesemiconductors applicated in organic field-effect transistors(OFETs). Our experimentalresults demonstrated that TDT molecule should be a potential candidate for thedevelopment of high performance n-type semiconducting materials. The moleculesreported in this paper possessing novel skeletons can broaden the scope of nano-andmicroscale organic semiconductors and will be valuable for the future design and synthesisof new organic semiconducting materials.
2. In chapter, we first fabricated a AuI AuIinteraction induced gold complexAu3A3nano/micro-wires through a simple solution process as well as the semiconductingproperties of the in-situ formed microwires by fabricating field-effect transistors. Notably,the produced microwires exhibit interesting photo-and vapor-responsive conductiveproperties. Showing that it is possible to prepare high quality AuI AuIbased1-D crystalswith field-effect charge carrier mobility and external stimuli responsive properties bysolution process, which makes this material very interesting for potential applications insolution process electronics.
we demonstrated that crystalline, semiconducting microwires can be self-assembled from a trinuclear gold complex Au3A3based on extended intermolecular Au~I Au~Iinteractions by a simple solution process. The formed microwires exhibiting excellentelectrical conductivity properties as well as high hole mobility (0.23cm~2V1s1) whichsuggest they are potential candidates for the development of high performancesemiconducting devices. The AuI AuIinteraction based structure of the Au3A3microwirescan also broaden the scope of nano and micro-scale organic semiconductors and will bevaluable for the future design and synthesis of new organic semiconducting materials.Vapor and photo responsive conductive characteristics with good sensibility, reversibilityand rapid response were also revealed, suggesting that Au3A3microwires have potential inthe fields of chemo-sensing and photo detectors.
3. In chapter IV, we describe an approach to how crystal arrangement and morphologycan affect the carrier transport abilities of a semiconducting material. We used fluorinatedquinacridone derivatives n-FQA (n=4,8,10,16) to self-assemble microcrystals of differentmorphologies (including microbelts and microplates) and crystal structures, after whichtop-contact organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices based on the n-FQAmicrocrystals were fabricated and carrier mobility were measured in ambient laboratoryconditions. We then discuss our theory of how the altering of morphology and packingstructures can affect their transporting properties, employing calculation theory, packingarrangement analysis and time-of-flight photo-current analysis. This work demonstrates anexplanation towards how crystalline tailoring alters the transporting properties of a highperformance semiconducting material. This text can give us an inspiring insight of howcrystal morphology and molecular packing can tune the transporting properties of a highperformance semiconducting material, and will be valuable for the future design andsynthesis of new organic semiconducting materials. C8-DFQA is also found to be a simpleand low-cost organic n-channel semiconductor for the fabrication of OFET devices withpotential practical applications.
4. In chapter V, we started from describing the synthesis and characterization of aseries of salphen platinum compositions nAS_2Pt, then we revealed their photophysicalproperties and single crystal structures. We also explored their gel formation characteristics, and found that16AS_2Pt can form heat induced gel in a dichloro-ethane solution. After wesynthesized the series of salphen platinum compositions nAS_2Pt, we used NMR tocharacterize the structure and components of the four compounds. After which weinvestigated the solution dependant UV absorption spectra and solution dependantfluorescence emission spectra of the salphen platinum compositions, we found that thefluorescence emission spectra of the four conpounds all showed solution dependency, andcan all form position association complexes once the concentration reached a critical value.
We then investigated the gel formation characteristics of the salphen platinumcompositions, and found that only16AS_2Pt could form heat induced gel in adichloro-ethane solution. We fabricated the single crystal sample of6AS_2Pt and used X-raydiffraction to analyze the molecular structure of the compounds. The large planeconjugated structure maed the compounds form π-π interactions and C-H···π interactions,at last the crystals presented a fish bone one dimensional packing structure. These resultscan enlighten the research of related materials in the future.
In summary we designed and synthesized four series of total twelve organiccompounds, and used a variety of methods to self assemble them into differentmorphologies of nano/microcrystals. Then we applied these crystals to the fabrication offield-effect transistors, light sensors, gas sensors and many other devices, explore andstudied their applied values as high efficiency, low cost photo-electronic materials. Apartfrom this we also studied the theory of how the altering of morphology and packingstructures can affect their transporting properties. These results achieved can help us get abetter understanding of the charge transfer properties of organic one dimensional materials,and will show significant enlightenment to the design and fabrication of these materials inthe future.
1、制备了具有平面骨架结构的n型半导体化合物TDT，通过简单的溶液方法将其可控的自组装成一维超长纳微米线或纳微米管。通过制备场效应晶体管器件发现这些超长的纳微米线显示出了良好的导电性能和较高的电子迁移率(0.04cm2V–1s–1)。
2、通过简单的溶液方法，自组装制备了基于AuI AuI分子间相互作用构筑的Au3A3纳微米线。通过制备场效应晶体管器件发现这些Au3A3纳微米线显示出了较高的空穴迁移率(0.23cm2V–1s–1)。我们还发现利用这些纳微米线制备的器件具有光照和气体传感的性质，且这些传感信号都具备灵敏度高、可逆性好和响应时间快等特点。
3、以氟取代喹吖啶酮（n-FQA）系列化合物为原料，采用溶液方法分别自组装了带状和片状的纳微米晶体。利用这些纳微米晶制备了场效晶体管器件，结果发现由于形貌及堆积方式的区别这些分子结构相似的材料表现出了多种不同的电荷传输性质。为了更好的解释该结果，我们还通过分子堆积﹑密度泛函理论计算和飞行时间迁移率计算等方法对系列化合物的传输性质进行了分析和研究。通过这些结果我们可以揭示出n-FQA系列化合物的晶体形貌及堆积结构对其传输性能的影响。
4、制备了系列铂席夫碱化合物（nAS_2Pt），通过多种溶剂测试发现16AS_2Pt的四氯乙烷溶液具有一定的凝胶特性。使用扫描电镜及普通照相机对16AS_2Pt的凝胶形貌和凝胶形态进行了表征。考察了nAS_2Pt系列化合物的浓度依赖紫外光谱和荧光光谱。培养了6AS_2Pt化合物的单晶，并通过分析其分子堆积结构解释了16AS_2Pt凝胶的形成。
Organic nano/micro materials, especially one dimensional organic nano/micromaterials has received much attention amongst scientific researchers lately. Because oftheir special photoelectricity properties and molecular packing structures, organicfunctional materials such as nano/microwires or bands with one dimentional, highlyordered structures have attracted large amounts of attention. Some of these research planshave made tremendous breakthroughs and some materials have even been applied inindustrial fields. These materials have potential values in fields such as gas sensing,OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode), OFET(Organic Field Effect Transistors), multifiberlightguides and solar cells. The morphology and molecular structures of materalcompounds will affect their functional features, many organic one dimentional materialsposses special photoelectricity properties, amoung which one dimentional organicsemiconductive materials is one of the most prominent types. Compared to traditionalinorganic semiconductive materials, organic semiconductive materials are easy tosynthesize, easy to purify and has better solubility, these characteristics allow scientificresearchers to use these materials to prepare special electronic devices bias non-traditionalmethods. The OFET is one of the most attractive fields in semiconductive materials,because compared to traditional films, single crystals posses more perfect molecularpacking structures, which can lead to better charge transfer characteristics and mobilityrates. This thesis sets off from the design and synthesis of organic semiconductivematerials, then we self assembled them into one-dimensional organic nano/microcrystals, and then used them to fabricate organic electronic devices to research their field-effecttransistor, gas sensor, light sensor and gel forming properties. This research can not onlyhelp us unearth some organic semiconductive materials with great applying potentials butcan also provide some new ideas and inspiration for the production and design of newsemiconductive materials in the future.
1. In chapter, two planar molecules TDT and SDT were synthesized. A simplesolution process allows us to controllably synthesize large quantities of well-defined, airstable1D microtubes or ultralong microwires from the two compounds. Electricalconductive devices based on the ultralong microwires fabricated in situ on SiO2substratewith interdigitated electrodes exhibited excellent conductivity properties. To furtherdemonstrate the potential as an n-type semiconductor, the electrical characteristics oftop-contact organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices based on TDT nanowires weremeasured in ambient laboratory conditions, the results showed high performance(10-2cm2/Vs) compared to known reports on high mobility nano/micro scale n-typesemiconductors applicated in organic field-effect transistors(OFETs). Our experimentalresults demonstrated that TDT molecule should be a potential candidate for thedevelopment of high performance n-type semiconducting materials. The moleculesreported in this paper possessing novel skeletons can broaden the scope of nano-andmicroscale organic semiconductors and will be valuable for the future design and synthesisof new organic semiconducting materials.
2. In chapter, we first fabricated a AuI AuIinteraction induced gold complexAu3A3nano/micro-wires through a simple solution process as well as the semiconductingproperties of the in-situ formed microwires by fabricating field-effect transistors. Notably,the produced microwires exhibit interesting photo-and vapor-responsive conductiveproperties. Showing that it is possible to prepare high quality AuI AuIbased1-D crystalswith field-effect charge carrier mobility and external stimuli responsive properties bysolution process, which makes this material very interesting for potential applications insolution process electronics.
we demonstrated that crystalline, semiconducting microwires can be self-assembled from a trinuclear gold complex Au3A3based on extended intermolecular Au~I Au~Iinteractions by a simple solution process. The formed microwires exhibiting excellentelectrical conductivity properties as well as high hole mobility (0.23cm~2V1s1) whichsuggest they are potential candidates for the development of high performancesemiconducting devices. The AuI AuIinteraction based structure of the Au3A3microwirescan also broaden the scope of nano and micro-scale organic semiconductors and will bevaluable for the future design and synthesis of new organic semiconducting materials.Vapor and photo responsive conductive characteristics with good sensibility, reversibilityand rapid response were also revealed, suggesting that Au3A3microwires have potential inthe fields of chemo-sensing and photo detectors.
3. In chapter IV, we describe an approach to how crystal arrangement and morphologycan affect the carrier transport abilities of a semiconducting material. We used fluorinatedquinacridone derivatives n-FQA (n=4,8,10,16) to self-assemble microcrystals of differentmorphologies (including microbelts and microplates) and crystal structures, after whichtop-contact organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices based on the n-FQAmicrocrystals were fabricated and carrier mobility were measured in ambient laboratoryconditions. We then discuss our theory of how the altering of morphology and packingstructures can affect their transporting properties, employing calculation theory, packingarrangement analysis and time-of-flight photo-current analysis. This work demonstrates anexplanation towards how crystalline tailoring alters the transporting properties of a highperformance semiconducting material. This text can give us an inspiring insight of howcrystal morphology and molecular packing can tune the transporting properties of a highperformance semiconducting material, and will be valuable for the future design andsynthesis of new organic semiconducting materials. C8-DFQA is also found to be a simpleand low-cost organic n-channel semiconductor for the fabrication of OFET devices withpotential practical applications.
4. In chapter V, we started from describing the synthesis and characterization of aseries of salphen platinum compositions nAS_2Pt, then we revealed their photophysicalproperties and single crystal structures. We also explored their gel formation characteristics, and found that16AS_2Pt can form heat induced gel in a dichloro-ethane solution. After wesynthesized the series of salphen platinum compositions nAS_2Pt, we used NMR tocharacterize the structure and components of the four compounds. After which weinvestigated the solution dependant UV absorption spectra and solution dependantfluorescence emission spectra of the salphen platinum compositions, we found that thefluorescence emission spectra of the four conpounds all showed solution dependency, andcan all form position association complexes once the concentration reached a critical value.
We then investigated the gel formation characteristics of the salphen platinumcompositions, and found that only16AS_2Pt could form heat induced gel in adichloro-ethane solution. We fabricated the single crystal sample of6AS_2Pt and used X-raydiffraction to analyze the molecular structure of the compounds. The large planeconjugated structure maed the compounds form π-π interactions and C-H···π interactions,at last the crystals presented a fish bone one dimensional packing structure. These resultscan enlighten the research of related materials in the future.
In summary we designed and synthesized four series of total twelve organiccompounds, and used a variety of methods to self assemble them into differentmorphologies of nano/microcrystals. Then we applied these crystals to the fabrication offield-effect transistors, light sensors, gas sensors and many other devices, explore andstudied their applied values as high efficiency, low cost photo-electronic materials. Apartfrom this we also studied the theory of how the altering of morphology and packingstructures can affect their transporting properties. These results achieved can help us get abetter understanding of the charge transfer properties of organic one dimensional materials,and will show significant enlightenment to the design and fabrication of these materials inthe future.
引文
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