~(137)Csγ射线CT技术测量Rushton气液搅拌釜气含率的研究
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摘要
对Rushton气液搅拌釜内气液两相流气含率大小及分布测量的研究,目前已经有很多研究报道。Rushton气液搅拌釜在各个工业领域都有广泛应用,气含率大小及分布是决定搅拌釜内三传一反的基本特性。对气含率大小及分布的测量方法从侵入式探头测量法,如电导探头,超声探头法等,到非侵入式,非接触测量,如CT成像测量,激光多普勒测量、差压波动测量方法等。其中射线CT技术以其非侵入,穿透力强,快速测量,适用于各种钢制高压高温容器测量,成像分辨率高,精确度高的特点备受青睐。本文主要针对~137Csγ射线CT测量技术在Rushton搅拌釜内的应用。
1.对比了各种测量气液搅拌釜内气含率大小及分布的方法,在探头式点测量与非侵入式CT测量及LDA,差压波动测量方法,其中~137Csγ射线CT测量技术以其非侵入,非接触,穿透力强,适用于高温高压钢制容器的不透明流体测量,并且快速成像,分辨率高。
2.对~137Csγ射线CT的基本线路进行详细介绍,针对Rushton气液搅拌釜,设计了γ射线CT的扫描方式,相对平行束和固定探测器单源扫描,选用单源多探测器的扇形扫描;设计了γ射线CT测量线路中γ射线源的选择,分别从能量、半衰期、放射性活度,放射效率的角度,选择能量662keV,半衰期为31年,放射性活度100mCi,放射效率85.6%的~137Cs用于γ射线CT。
3.探测器的选择,闪烁晶体探测器具有高探测效率,快响应时间特点适合γ射线CT;对单源多探测器的γ射线CT,为实现七个探测器的均一化实验,首先采用实验微调阈值法调制七个探测器的γ光谱曲线尽量重合,当光子能量阈值为500keV时,七个探测器的均一化效果较好,同时建立七个探测器对γ光子的均一化响应函数模型,用实验数据验证该模型可行。
4.分析Rushton气液搅拌釜内气穴结构的形成与搅拌桨叶轮数目,尺寸,叶轮转速,通气量等因素的关系,利用气穴结构在叶轮转动和通气量影响下,形成贴附漩转气穴VC, 3’-3’小气穴S33,3’-3’大气穴L33,不规则气穴RC,根据不同气穴的出现,通过气穴结构的数学模型计算搅拌釜内不同气穴结构时气含率的大小及分布。利用~137Csγ射线CT对搅拌釜内相同气穴结构条件下的气含率大小及分布成断面成像,对气含率大小及无因次半径做曲线,与气穴结构计算气含率大小及分布结果对比,得出射线CT的扫描结果与气穴结构计算结果基本相符。
On the measurement of gas holdup distribution in two-phase flow liquid of Rushton gas-liquid stirring tank, there are already many research reports. Rushton gas-liquid stirring tank are widely used in various industries, the gas-holdup distribution determine the heating transmission, mass trassmission, energy transsmission and chemical reacting. All the measurements on gas-holdup distribution include are the invasive probe measurements, such as electrical conductivity probe, ultrasonic probe method, now the non-invasive, non-contact measurement, such as CT imaging measurement, Laser Doppler Anemometer measurement and Differential pressure measurement method. Gamma-ray Computer Tomography has non-invasive, penetrating power, fast measyrement, and suitable for measuring all kinds of steel vessel with high pressure and temperature, and also has high resolution and accuracy. Originally we used ~137Cs gamma-ray CT to measure in the gas-liquid Rushton Stirring Tank.
1. Detailed descriptthe basic circuit of ~137Cs gamma-ray CT for application in gas-liquid stirring tank, design gamma-ray CT scanning method, select the single-source and muti-use detection fan-shaped scanning device, design the gamma ray in the selection, finally ~137Cs energy 662keV, half-life 31 years, radioactivity 100mCi, radiation sffciency of 85.6% for gamma CT.
2. The other is the detector, respectively, choose the high detection efficiency, fast response time of NaI scintillator detector for it. To achieve the synchronization of seven detectors, using experimental to fine-tuning threshold of the seven detectors, when the photon energy threshold of 500keV, the synchronization is well, then establish the response function model of homogenization, compare with the experimental data that prove that tne model is feasible.
3. Consider the gas cavity structure in Rushton Stirring Tank is fluenced by paddle wheel number, impeller size and speed, gas velocity and so on, include vortex cavities VC, small 3’-3’cavities S33, large 3’-3’cavities L33, ragged cavities RC. Depending the appearance of cavition, take the mathematical model of cavities structure, then calculate the gas-holdup distribution of different cavitations.
4. Use ~137Cs gamma-ray CT to measure the gas-holdup distribution under the same conditions with gas cavities structures. In concluding, compared the curve of gas-holdup and non-dimensional radius, the results of the gamma ray CT scan and gas cavities structure calculation are basiclly conformed.
1.对比了各种测量气液搅拌釜内气含率大小及分布的方法,在探头式点测量与非侵入式CT测量及LDA,差压波动测量方法,其中~137Csγ射线CT测量技术以其非侵入,非接触,穿透力强,适用于高温高压钢制容器的不透明流体测量,并且快速成像,分辨率高。
2.对~137Csγ射线CT的基本线路进行详细介绍,针对Rushton气液搅拌釜,设计了γ射线CT的扫描方式,相对平行束和固定探测器单源扫描,选用单源多探测器的扇形扫描;设计了γ射线CT测量线路中γ射线源的选择,分别从能量、半衰期、放射性活度,放射效率的角度,选择能量662keV,半衰期为31年,放射性活度100mCi,放射效率85.6%的~137Cs用于γ射线CT。
3.探测器的选择,闪烁晶体探测器具有高探测效率,快响应时间特点适合γ射线CT;对单源多探测器的γ射线CT,为实现七个探测器的均一化实验,首先采用实验微调阈值法调制七个探测器的γ光谱曲线尽量重合,当光子能量阈值为500keV时,七个探测器的均一化效果较好,同时建立七个探测器对γ光子的均一化响应函数模型,用实验数据验证该模型可行。
4.分析Rushton气液搅拌釜内气穴结构的形成与搅拌桨叶轮数目,尺寸,叶轮转速,通气量等因素的关系,利用气穴结构在叶轮转动和通气量影响下,形成贴附漩转气穴VC, 3’-3’小气穴S33,3’-3’大气穴L33,不规则气穴RC,根据不同气穴的出现,通过气穴结构的数学模型计算搅拌釜内不同气穴结构时气含率的大小及分布。利用~137Csγ射线CT对搅拌釜内相同气穴结构条件下的气含率大小及分布成断面成像,对气含率大小及无因次半径做曲线,与气穴结构计算气含率大小及分布结果对比,得出射线CT的扫描结果与气穴结构计算结果基本相符。
On the measurement of gas holdup distribution in two-phase flow liquid of Rushton gas-liquid stirring tank, there are already many research reports. Rushton gas-liquid stirring tank are widely used in various industries, the gas-holdup distribution determine the heating transmission, mass trassmission, energy transsmission and chemical reacting. All the measurements on gas-holdup distribution include are the invasive probe measurements, such as electrical conductivity probe, ultrasonic probe method, now the non-invasive, non-contact measurement, such as CT imaging measurement, Laser Doppler Anemometer measurement and Differential pressure measurement method. Gamma-ray Computer Tomography has non-invasive, penetrating power, fast measyrement, and suitable for measuring all kinds of steel vessel with high pressure and temperature, and also has high resolution and accuracy. Originally we used ~137Cs gamma-ray CT to measure in the gas-liquid Rushton Stirring Tank.
1. Detailed descriptthe basic circuit of ~137Cs gamma-ray CT for application in gas-liquid stirring tank, design gamma-ray CT scanning method, select the single-source and muti-use detection fan-shaped scanning device, design the gamma ray in the selection, finally ~137Cs energy 662keV, half-life 31 years, radioactivity 100mCi, radiation sffciency of 85.6% for gamma CT.
2. The other is the detector, respectively, choose the high detection efficiency, fast response time of NaI scintillator detector for it. To achieve the synchronization of seven detectors, using experimental to fine-tuning threshold of the seven detectors, when the photon energy threshold of 500keV, the synchronization is well, then establish the response function model of homogenization, compare with the experimental data that prove that tne model is feasible.
3. Consider the gas cavity structure in Rushton Stirring Tank is fluenced by paddle wheel number, impeller size and speed, gas velocity and so on, include vortex cavities VC, small 3’-3’cavities S33, large 3’-3’cavities L33, ragged cavities RC. Depending the appearance of cavition, take the mathematical model of cavities structure, then calculate the gas-holdup distribution of different cavitations.
4. Use ~137Cs gamma-ray CT to measure the gas-holdup distribution under the same conditions with gas cavities structures. In concluding, compared the curve of gas-holdup and non-dimensional radius, the results of the gamma ray CT scan and gas cavities structure calculation are basiclly conformed.
引文
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