热管型吸收式制冷余热回收系统的优化研究
|
摘要
溴化锂吸收式制冷技术目前已经在制冷、空调、供热中广泛应用,在能源紧张的今天,更是在余热回收领域得到推广。针对传统余热回收型溴化锂吸收式制冷循环的不足,本文结合溴化锂吸收式制冷技术和热管换热器在余热回收领域的优势,对利用热管换热器回收工业气态余热直接驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的余热回收循环进行了研究,与传统循环相比,具有传热效率高、初投资小、耐腐蚀,工作可靠等优点。
通过对余热回收系统工作流程的分析研究,建立了溴化锂吸收式制冷系统、分离式热管换热器以及整体的数学模型,并进行了模拟研究。利用VB高级语言实现可视化编程。可视化程序中包括系统设计与优化所必须的:1)工质热物性计算模拟,包括烟气、溴化锂水溶液、水及水蒸气热物性;2)溴化锂吸收式制冷机组循环流程模拟研究,本文针对双效机组的三种流程,包括串联流程,并联先分流流程以及并联后分流流程,分别建立了稳态集中参数数学模型;3)分离式热管换热器模拟研究,采用传统等效间壁式换热器数学模型。
在此基础上,采用复合型法对系统进行了优化研究。分别从性能和经济性方面对余热回收系统的溴化锂吸收式制冷系统以及热管换热器进行了优化,并通过对二者内在联系的分析,确定了整体系统的优化参数和优化目标。指出将溴化锂吸收式制冷系统应用于余热回收,不能单独追求高的性能系数,经济性更为重要。正确选择设计参数,在中等性能系数工况下,通过传热面积的合理分配,获得整体最小传热面积的优化结果。以免费的热量换来设备投资的减少,提高了余热回收系统的整体经济性。
Nowadays, Li-Br absorption refrigeration have widely adopted in refrigeration, air conditioning and heating domains, as the energy problem increasing, which is popularized for heat recovery. As far as the shortages of the traditional absorption system for heat recovery is concerned, in this paper, research has developed for a system employing separated-Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger (HPHX) to recovery exhaust heat of middle temperature, which directly drive the absorption chiller. Compared to the traditional ones, the new has higher heat transfer efficiency, lower first cost, corrosion resistant and operational reliability.
Basing on the analysis of the heat recovery system, mathematic models of the absorption chiller, HPHE and the whole have been established, accordingly with simuilation. A visible program adopting VB programming language is realized, which is composed of three parts, such as 1) thermodynamic characters modular of the working fluids, including Li-Br/water solution, exhaust gas, water and water vapor.2) Absorption chiller modular, including three kinds of double-effect flow, and steady lumped parameter models have been established accordingly.3) HPHE modular, using equivalence remunerator calculation model.
According to the preparation work, optimization analysis of the integral system and separated parts employing complex method, aiming at both performance and economical efficiency. Further, by analyzing the inner link of the two parts, parameters and targets of optimization are selected. The results indicated that, economic is the most important factor for evaluation the heat recovery system, rather than the coefficient of the performance (COP), choosing parameters properly, the minimum heat transfer area is obtained with middle COP. The economic of the heat recovery system is increased with more free heat instead of area.
通过对余热回收系统工作流程的分析研究,建立了溴化锂吸收式制冷系统、分离式热管换热器以及整体的数学模型,并进行了模拟研究。利用VB高级语言实现可视化编程。可视化程序中包括系统设计与优化所必须的:1)工质热物性计算模拟,包括烟气、溴化锂水溶液、水及水蒸气热物性;2)溴化锂吸收式制冷机组循环流程模拟研究,本文针对双效机组的三种流程,包括串联流程,并联先分流流程以及并联后分流流程,分别建立了稳态集中参数数学模型;3)分离式热管换热器模拟研究,采用传统等效间壁式换热器数学模型。
在此基础上,采用复合型法对系统进行了优化研究。分别从性能和经济性方面对余热回收系统的溴化锂吸收式制冷系统以及热管换热器进行了优化,并通过对二者内在联系的分析,确定了整体系统的优化参数和优化目标。指出将溴化锂吸收式制冷系统应用于余热回收,不能单独追求高的性能系数,经济性更为重要。正确选择设计参数,在中等性能系数工况下,通过传热面积的合理分配,获得整体最小传热面积的优化结果。以免费的热量换来设备投资的减少,提高了余热回收系统的整体经济性。
Nowadays, Li-Br absorption refrigeration have widely adopted in refrigeration, air conditioning and heating domains, as the energy problem increasing, which is popularized for heat recovery. As far as the shortages of the traditional absorption system for heat recovery is concerned, in this paper, research has developed for a system employing separated-Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger (HPHX) to recovery exhaust heat of middle temperature, which directly drive the absorption chiller. Compared to the traditional ones, the new has higher heat transfer efficiency, lower first cost, corrosion resistant and operational reliability.
Basing on the analysis of the heat recovery system, mathematic models of the absorption chiller, HPHE and the whole have been established, accordingly with simuilation. A visible program adopting VB programming language is realized, which is composed of three parts, such as 1) thermodynamic characters modular of the working fluids, including Li-Br/water solution, exhaust gas, water and water vapor.2) Absorption chiller modular, including three kinds of double-effect flow, and steady lumped parameter models have been established accordingly.3) HPHE modular, using equivalence remunerator calculation model.
According to the preparation work, optimization analysis of the integral system and separated parts employing complex method, aiming at both performance and economical efficiency. Further, by analyzing the inner link of the two parts, parameters and targets of optimization are selected. The results indicated that, economic is the most important factor for evaluation the heat recovery system, rather than the coefficient of the performance (COP), choosing parameters properly, the minimum heat transfer area is obtained with middle COP. The economic of the heat recovery system is increased with more free heat instead of area.
引文
[1]戴永庆,溴化锂吸收式制冷技术及应用,北京:机械工业出版社,1996
[2]耿惠彬,戴永庆,世界各国吸收式制冷技术的研究与开发,机电设备,2003.2
[3]高田秋一,吸收式制冷机,北京:机械工业出版社,1985
[4]任有中,能源工程管理,北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[5]王长庆,陆震,用于回收余热的几种溴化锂吸收式装置,节能,1994,(11),29～33
[6]马洪亭,吸收式制冷技术在玻璃窑炉余热回收中的应用,资源节约与综合利用,1994,(1),28～31
[7]王中铮,郑实,开发利用工业余热于溴化锂吸收式制冷,节能,1997,(6),28～30
[8]王长庆,李冰玉,在我国开发溴化锂吸收式制冷机回收余热供冷的研究,节能,1995,(3),13～18
[9]王志珍,张潮宏,柴油机排烟余热的回收利用,广东造船,2004,(3),48～52
[10]金苏敏,刘坚,热管在废气直接驱动的溴化锂制冷机中的应用,节能技术,1995,(2),13～16
[11]金苏敏,刘坚,热管废热溴化锂制冷机,流体机械,1999(8),28～
[12]金苏敏,陶玉灵,柴油机废烟气驱动的热管废热溴化锂制冷机运行特性,南京化工大学学报,2001,23(6),23～26
[13]陶玉灵,金苏敏,热管废热LiBr制冷剂中工质热物性的可视化计算,南京工业大学学报,2003,25(5),80～84
[14]杨震民,唐夕山,热管废热发生器烟气流场的数值模拟,南京工业大学学报,2005,(3),69～72
[15]陶玉灵,烟气驱动的热管废热溴化锂制冷机的计算机模拟:[硕士学位论文],南京:南京工业大学,2003
[16]焦永刚,余热回收型吸收式制冷循环优化研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2005
[17]庄骏,张红,热管技术及其工程应用,北京:化学工业出版社,2000
[18]丁国良,张春路,制冷空调装置仿真与优化,北京:科学出版社,2001
[19]路诗奎,姚寿广,溴化锂吸收式制冷机的动态仿真研究,华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2005,19(2),68～72
[20]余珏,双效吸收式制冷系统稳态仿真研究,制冷与空调,2005,5(3),24～28
[21]陈昀,溴化锂吸收式制冷系特性计算机仿真研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;北京建筑工程学院,2005
[22]辛长平,溴化锂吸收式制冷机实用教程,北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[23]Khalid A. Joudi, Simulation of a simple absorption refrigeration system, Energy conversion and Management, 2001(42):1575~1605
[24]Gershon Grossman,ABSIM-modular simulation of advanced absorption system,International Journal of Refrigeration,2001(24):531～541
[25]黄问盈,热管与热管换热器设计基础,北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[26]吴存真,刘光铎,热管在热能工程中应用,北京:水利电力出版社,1993
[27]牟楷,分离式热管的研究和应用,第八界全国热管会议论文集,2002,88～101
[28]牟楷,分离式热管传热危机的计算和分析,第七界全国热管会议论文集,1998,67～72
[29]张红,分离式热管换热器最佳工作状态的研究,石油化工设备技术,1996,17(3)13～16
[30]杨峻,徐通明,分离式液-气热管换热器的设计与应用,开发与利用,2001,(2)35～36
[31]牟楷,吉彪,分离式热管蒸发段并联竖管内流量及压力分布的研究,第三界全国热管会议论文集,1991,108～116
[32]陈远国,分离式热管换热器的研究、应用与评价,第三界全国热管会议论文集,1991,17～24
[33]乔起芳,吴存真,分离式热管换热器汽液导管内径的选择,第五界全国热管会议论文集,1996,169～175
[34] Y.kaita, Thermodynamic properties of lithium bromide-water solution at high temperatures, International Journal of Refrigeration 24 (2001), 374-390
[35] H.T.Chua, H.K.Toh, Improved thermodynamic property fields of LiBr-H2O solution, International Journal of Refrigeration 23(2000), 412~429
[36]王磊,陆震,溴化锂溶液热物性计算可视化程序,能源工程,2001.2
[37]王磊,陆震,溴化锂溶液h ~ξ图的扩展,流体机械,2001,15(7),58～60
[38]〔德〕林.尤.怀特主编,王锡高译,锅炉手册,北京:科学出版社,2001
[39]许圣华,烟气物性的直接计算方法,苏州丝绸工学院学报,1999.6,19(3),32～36
[40]佘海滨,溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的设计和计算机优化:[硕士学位论文],北京;清华大学,2000
[41]隋军,溴化锂吸收循环系统的优化研究:[博士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2000.10
[42]韩林山,机械优化设计,郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003.1
[43]方世杰,綦耀光,机械优化设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2003.7
[44]欧阳克诚,对优化设计复合型法的改进,武汉冶金科技大学学报,1997.12,20(4),445～448
[45]G.P.Xu, Y.Q.Dai, Theoretical analysis and optimization of a double effect parallel-flow-type absorption chiller, Applied Thermal Engineering, 1997, 17(2), 157~170
[46]杨惠山,严子俊,不可逆吸收式制冷机的拥经济和生态学优化准则,太阳能学报,2002.6,23(3),398～401
[47] Kodal A,Sahin B,Thermoeconomic optimization for irreversible absorption refrigeration and heat pumps,Enery Convers Mgmt,2003,44(1):109～12
[48]秦晓勇,陈林根,内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的热经济性能优化,热科学与技术,2003,2(4),283～286
[49]刘凯,张素香,壳管式换热器结构形式及经济性比较分析,石油化工设备,2003,19(2),51～52
[50]孙世梅,张红,高温热管换热器优化设计,石油化工设备,2004,32(3),27～30
[51]刘光铎,曹春丽,热管换热器优化设计方法探讨,热力发电,1994,6,50～53
[52]苏俊林,郝玉福,热管换热器热/冷短长度比的探讨,实用能源,1991.2,25～28
[53]YU Zi-tao,HU Ya-cai,CEN Ke-fa,Optimal design of the separate type heat pipe heat exchanger, Zhejiang Univ SCI 2005 6A(Suppl.I),23～28
[54]吴双应,苏芬仙,余热回收换热器投资的热技术经济分析,冶金能源,2000,19(4),34～39
[55]任宪忠,李爱平,热管结构参数对热管传热量的影响,农机化研究,2001,2(1),101～103
[56]杨振民,金苏敏,热管废热溴化锂制冷机的优化设计,节能技术与产品,2005,4,46～48
[57]杨世铭,陶文铨,传热学,北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[58]M.S.Soylemez, On the thermoeconomical optimization of heat pipe heat exchanger HPHE for waste heat recovery, Energy Conversion and Management 44(2003),2509~2517
[59]姚平经,郑轩荣,换热器系统的模拟、优化与综合,北京:化学工业出版社,1999
[2]耿惠彬,戴永庆,世界各国吸收式制冷技术的研究与开发,机电设备,2003.2
[3]高田秋一,吸收式制冷机,北京:机械工业出版社,1985
[4]任有中,能源工程管理,北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[5]王长庆,陆震,用于回收余热的几种溴化锂吸收式装置,节能,1994,(11),29～33
[6]马洪亭,吸收式制冷技术在玻璃窑炉余热回收中的应用,资源节约与综合利用,1994,(1),28～31
[7]王中铮,郑实,开发利用工业余热于溴化锂吸收式制冷,节能,1997,(6),28～30
[8]王长庆,李冰玉,在我国开发溴化锂吸收式制冷机回收余热供冷的研究,节能,1995,(3),13～18
[9]王志珍,张潮宏,柴油机排烟余热的回收利用,广东造船,2004,(3),48～52
[10]金苏敏,刘坚,热管在废气直接驱动的溴化锂制冷机中的应用,节能技术,1995,(2),13～16
[11]金苏敏,刘坚,热管废热溴化锂制冷机,流体机械,1999(8),28～
[12]金苏敏,陶玉灵,柴油机废烟气驱动的热管废热溴化锂制冷机运行特性,南京化工大学学报,2001,23(6),23～26
[13]陶玉灵,金苏敏,热管废热LiBr制冷剂中工质热物性的可视化计算,南京工业大学学报,2003,25(5),80～84
[14]杨震民,唐夕山,热管废热发生器烟气流场的数值模拟,南京工业大学学报,2005,(3),69～72
[15]陶玉灵,烟气驱动的热管废热溴化锂制冷机的计算机模拟:[硕士学位论文],南京:南京工业大学,2003
[16]焦永刚,余热回收型吸收式制冷循环优化研究:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2005
[17]庄骏,张红,热管技术及其工程应用,北京:化学工业出版社,2000
[18]丁国良,张春路,制冷空调装置仿真与优化,北京:科学出版社,2001
[19]路诗奎,姚寿广,溴化锂吸收式制冷机的动态仿真研究,华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2005,19(2),68～72
[20]余珏,双效吸收式制冷系统稳态仿真研究,制冷与空调,2005,5(3),24～28
[21]陈昀,溴化锂吸收式制冷系特性计算机仿真研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;北京建筑工程学院,2005
[22]辛长平,溴化锂吸收式制冷机实用教程,北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[23]Khalid A. Joudi, Simulation of a simple absorption refrigeration system, Energy conversion and Management, 2001(42):1575~1605
[24]Gershon Grossman,ABSIM-modular simulation of advanced absorption system,International Journal of Refrigeration,2001(24):531～541
[25]黄问盈,热管与热管换热器设计基础,北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[26]吴存真,刘光铎,热管在热能工程中应用,北京:水利电力出版社,1993
[27]牟楷,分离式热管的研究和应用,第八界全国热管会议论文集,2002,88～101
[28]牟楷,分离式热管传热危机的计算和分析,第七界全国热管会议论文集,1998,67～72
[29]张红,分离式热管换热器最佳工作状态的研究,石油化工设备技术,1996,17(3)13～16
[30]杨峻,徐通明,分离式液-气热管换热器的设计与应用,开发与利用,2001,(2)35～36
[31]牟楷,吉彪,分离式热管蒸发段并联竖管内流量及压力分布的研究,第三界全国热管会议论文集,1991,108～116
[32]陈远国,分离式热管换热器的研究、应用与评价,第三界全国热管会议论文集,1991,17～24
[33]乔起芳,吴存真,分离式热管换热器汽液导管内径的选择,第五界全国热管会议论文集,1996,169～175
[34] Y.kaita, Thermodynamic properties of lithium bromide-water solution at high temperatures, International Journal of Refrigeration 24 (2001), 374-390
[35] H.T.Chua, H.K.Toh, Improved thermodynamic property fields of LiBr-H2O solution, International Journal of Refrigeration 23(2000), 412~429
[36]王磊,陆震,溴化锂溶液热物性计算可视化程序,能源工程,2001.2
[37]王磊,陆震,溴化锂溶液h ~ξ图的扩展,流体机械,2001,15(7),58～60
[38]〔德〕林.尤.怀特主编,王锡高译,锅炉手册,北京:科学出版社,2001
[39]许圣华,烟气物性的直接计算方法,苏州丝绸工学院学报,1999.6,19(3),32～36
[40]佘海滨,溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的设计和计算机优化:[硕士学位论文],北京;清华大学,2000
[41]隋军,溴化锂吸收循环系统的优化研究:[博士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2000.10
[42]韩林山,机械优化设计,郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003.1
[43]方世杰,綦耀光,机械优化设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2003.7
[44]欧阳克诚,对优化设计复合型法的改进,武汉冶金科技大学学报,1997.12,20(4),445～448
[45]G.P.Xu, Y.Q.Dai, Theoretical analysis and optimization of a double effect parallel-flow-type absorption chiller, Applied Thermal Engineering, 1997, 17(2), 157~170
[46]杨惠山,严子俊,不可逆吸收式制冷机的拥经济和生态学优化准则,太阳能学报,2002.6,23(3),398～401
[47] Kodal A,Sahin B,Thermoeconomic optimization for irreversible absorption refrigeration and heat pumps,Enery Convers Mgmt,2003,44(1):109～12
[48]秦晓勇,陈林根,内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的热经济性能优化,热科学与技术,2003,2(4),283～286
[49]刘凯,张素香,壳管式换热器结构形式及经济性比较分析,石油化工设备,2003,19(2),51～52
[50]孙世梅,张红,高温热管换热器优化设计,石油化工设备,2004,32(3),27～30
[51]刘光铎,曹春丽,热管换热器优化设计方法探讨,热力发电,1994,6,50～53
[52]苏俊林,郝玉福,热管换热器热/冷短长度比的探讨,实用能源,1991.2,25～28
[53]YU Zi-tao,HU Ya-cai,CEN Ke-fa,Optimal design of the separate type heat pipe heat exchanger, Zhejiang Univ SCI 2005 6A(Suppl.I),23～28
[54]吴双应,苏芬仙,余热回收换热器投资的热技术经济分析,冶金能源,2000,19(4),34～39
[55]任宪忠,李爱平,热管结构参数对热管传热量的影响,农机化研究,2001,2(1),101～103
[56]杨振民,金苏敏,热管废热溴化锂制冷机的优化设计,节能技术与产品,2005,4,46～48
[57]杨世铭,陶文铨,传热学,北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[58]M.S.Soylemez, On the thermoeconomical optimization of heat pipe heat exchanger HPHE for waste heat recovery, Energy Conversion and Management 44(2003),2509~2517
[59]姚平经,郑轩荣,换热器系统的模拟、优化与综合,北京:化学工业出版社,1999
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |