基于热力学理论的离心泵测试技术研究
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摘要
水泵种类繁多、使用广泛,为了及时掌握水泵运转特性,应定期对水泵进行性能测试。同时,水泵技术是一门半理论半经验的试验学科,水泵测试技术对水泵基础理论的研究和发展、水泵性能的改进、水泵设计方法的完善等都有着极其重要的作用,因此,水泵测试技术的研究已经成为工业界广泛关注的课题之一。
目前,水泵性能测试有两种方法,一种是水力学方法,另一种就是热力学方法。本课题重点研究了基于热力学理论的水泵效率测试方法,从能量守恒转换定律出发,分析了水泵的热力过程,理论上推导出了测试泵效的公式。并对这种测试方法的不确定度进行了分析,探讨了水泵扬程、轴功率、转速等相关参数的测试原理和测试方法,对其设备选型做了概要描述。
测试数据处理上,根据实际工作的具体要求,本课题开发了一套可视化的水泵测试数据处理软件。系统以windows为平台,采用面向对象程序设计语言VisualBasic6.0编程,与Access数据库紧密连接,实现了对水泵测试数据的储存、查询、修改等功能。同时采用了正交多项式拟合方法对测试数据进行拟合,实现了性能曲线的自动绘制,从软件上尽可能保证测量数据分析的准确性,并可以实现测试报告的自动生成,提高了工作效率。
通过本文的研究工作,论证了热力学理论测试泵效率的可行性,对今后企业进行泵效率普测的推广具有现实的意义。
There are so many kinds of pumps,and they are used in many fields.In order to grasp of pump running performance timely,should carry on the performance test regularly to the water pump.Pump technology is a semi-empirical theory of the semi-Test disciplines,the water pump test technology plays a extremely vital role in the water pump's basic theory research and the development,improve the pump's performance,consummated the pump's design method and so on.Therefore,the method how to testing the pump has became one of industrial world widespread attention topics.
At present,It has two methods to testing pump's performance,one is the hydraulics method,the other is thermodynamics method.This paper has studied the method based on thermodynamics theory,embarked from ability conservation transformation law, analyzed the pump's thermodynamic process,inferred the formula of testing pump's efficiency in theoretically,and analysis this method's uncertainty,has discussed the test principle and method on the lift,the shaft power,the rotational velocity and other related parameters.Finally has a summary description in equipment selection.
According to concrete request in the actual work,we design a visualization data-processing software.Base on the windows platform,by using object-oriented language Visual Basic6.0,connecting it to Access,can realized storage,inquiry,modify the data and other functions.Simultaneously used the orthogonal polynomial fitting method to fit the test data,has realized the performance curve automatic draw.From the software ensure the accuracy of measurement data analysis as far as possible,also it can realize the test report automatic production.It can improve the work efficiency greatly.
Through the study of this paper,has proven thermodynamics theory test pump efficiency feasibility,it can provide practical significance in the measure of water pump generally in the future.
目前,水泵性能测试有两种方法,一种是水力学方法,另一种就是热力学方法。本课题重点研究了基于热力学理论的水泵效率测试方法,从能量守恒转换定律出发,分析了水泵的热力过程,理论上推导出了测试泵效的公式。并对这种测试方法的不确定度进行了分析,探讨了水泵扬程、轴功率、转速等相关参数的测试原理和测试方法,对其设备选型做了概要描述。
测试数据处理上,根据实际工作的具体要求,本课题开发了一套可视化的水泵测试数据处理软件。系统以windows为平台,采用面向对象程序设计语言VisualBasic6.0编程,与Access数据库紧密连接,实现了对水泵测试数据的储存、查询、修改等功能。同时采用了正交多项式拟合方法对测试数据进行拟合,实现了性能曲线的自动绘制,从软件上尽可能保证测量数据分析的准确性,并可以实现测试报告的自动生成,提高了工作效率。
通过本文的研究工作,论证了热力学理论测试泵效率的可行性,对今后企业进行泵效率普测的推广具有现实的意义。
There are so many kinds of pumps,and they are used in many fields.In order to grasp of pump running performance timely,should carry on the performance test regularly to the water pump.Pump technology is a semi-empirical theory of the semi-Test disciplines,the water pump test technology plays a extremely vital role in the water pump's basic theory research and the development,improve the pump's performance,consummated the pump's design method and so on.Therefore,the method how to testing the pump has became one of industrial world widespread attention topics.
At present,It has two methods to testing pump's performance,one is the hydraulics method,the other is thermodynamics method.This paper has studied the method based on thermodynamics theory,embarked from ability conservation transformation law, analyzed the pump's thermodynamic process,inferred the formula of testing pump's efficiency in theoretically,and analysis this method's uncertainty,has discussed the test principle and method on the lift,the shaft power,the rotational velocity and other related parameters.Finally has a summary description in equipment selection.
According to concrete request in the actual work,we design a visualization data-processing software.Base on the windows platform,by using object-oriented language Visual Basic6.0,connecting it to Access,can realized storage,inquiry,modify the data and other functions.Simultaneously used the orthogonal polynomial fitting method to fit the test data,has realized the performance curve automatic draw.From the software ensure the accuracy of measurement data analysis as far as possible,also it can realize the test report automatic production.It can improve the work efficiency greatly.
Through the study of this paper,has proven thermodynamics theory test pump efficiency feasibility,it can provide practical significance in the measure of water pump generally in the future.
引文
[1]陈乃祥,吴玉林.离心泵[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[2]杨诗成,王喜魁.泵与风机[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[3]陈维健,付运刚,李功熹,等.矿山大型机电设备测试技术手册[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998
[4]A C Bwalya,M W Johnson.Experimental measurements in aCentrifugal Pump Impeller[J].Fluid Engieering,1996,692
[5]力昌兵.微机水泵综合参数测试系统的研究与开发[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2006
[6]徐起,纪祥,邱贵高.确定水泵、水轮机和液压元件效率的热力学方法的发展与现状[J].河北理工学院学报,1984,(01):104-108
[7]国际标准组织.IS05198[M].1987,41-49
[8]夏根福.微温差法测试泵特性[J].华东理工大学学报,1985,(2):33-38
[9]D·N·Singh.Thermodynamic Method of Measuring Turbine Efficiency[M].Tokyo:The Second International JSME Symposium FIuid Machinery and Fluidics,1972
[10]IEC607:1978.Method for Measuring the Efficiency of hydraulic turbines Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines(Thermodynamic Method)[S].BS5860,1980
[11]Li Tie tang,Efficiency Test of an oil Pump and an oil Motor comparison of a Thermodynamic Method with a Hydraulic Method[J].
[12]李春曦,安连锁,王松岭,等.热力学方法测量泵效率的研究进展[J].华北电力大学学报,2000,27(4):88-92
[13]东北电力学院.离心水泵[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1982
[14]冯青,李世武,张丽.工程热力学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006
[15]黄方谷,韩凤华.工程热力学与传热学[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,1993
[16]GB/T18149-2000,离心泵、混流泵和轴流泵水力性能实验规范一精密级[S].
[17]DL/T839-2003,大型锅炉给水泵性能现场试验方法[S].
[18]安连锁,王松龄,秦培义.用热力学法对泵效率、流量进行测定及在线监测的应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1994,11(2):36-40
[19]王兴国,郗孟杰,龚向阳,等.热力学法测试水泵效率的探讨[J].河北电力技术,2000,19(2):20-23
[20]朱复中.泵特性的微温差法测试技术研究[J].华东化工学院学报,1985,11(2):177-183
[21]冯金泉,蒋式柏.微温差法泵特性测试的精度及其影响因素[J].华东电力,1984,(10):22-25
[22]Yates M A.On Site Measurement of Pump Efficiency by Thermodynamic Means[J].World Pumps,1982,192:417-421
[23]Miline A J.Considerations When Using The Thermodynamic Method of Pump Testing[J].World Pumps,1990,(7):23-26
[24]吴九甫.泵效检测仪设计方案及原理[J].管道技术与设备,1994,(4):4-8
[25]柳松年,李世欣.离心水泵性能的工业现场测定[J].北京化工学院学报,1988,15(2):93-99
[26]张吉申.确定水泵、水轮机效率的热力学方法的发展与现状[J].流体机械,1985,(5)
[27]孙善贵,王刚凤.用焓熵公式计算水泵效率[J].华东电力,1989,(1):25-27
[28]钱绍圣.测量不确定度实验数据的处理和表示[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[29]国家质量技术监督局认证与实验室评审管理司.计量认证/审查认可评审准则宣贯指南[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2001,48-58
[30]杨懿.水泵质量评价及其测量不确定度研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003
[31]李建威.水力机械测试技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[32]GB3216-82,离心泵、混流泵、轴流泵和旋涡泵试验方法[S]
[33]GB214-82,水泵流量的测定方法[S]
[34]AQ1012-2005,煤矿在用主排水系统安全检测检验规范[S]
[35]Maurice Yates.A meter for pump efficiency measurement[J].World Pumps,1989,(1):7-9
[36]Chappuis J,Chenal R.Turbine-efficiency measurements using a commercial quartz thermometer[J].WaterPower,1971,(1):15-19
[37]J·S·Norgard.Thermodynamic Determination of power Loss in Hydraulic components[M].ASME paper,1972
[38]赵立新,李志斌,吴自峰,等.压差测量仪在水泵扬程测试中的应用[J].传感器技术,2001,20(2):35-39
[39]齐鄂荣,曾玉红.工程流体力学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005
[40]李红连.水泵微机测试系统研究[D].四川:西华大学,2004
[41]刘强.水泵在线测试技术的研究[D].江苏:江苏大学,2006
[42]GB/T10.2-1985,三相异步电动机试验方法[S]
[43]Michael Haivorson.Visual Basic 6.0循序渐进教程[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社
[44]张宏林.Visual Basic开发数据库[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1999
[45]启明工作室.VB+Access数据库应用系统开发与实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[46]王志梅.Visual Basic数据库应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[47]李庆杨.数值分析[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,武汉,2001
[48]赵林明.水泵性能曲线的解析表达方法[J].农田水利与水电,1992,(9):38-39
[49]徐士良.QBASIC常用算法程序集[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[50]郭俊丽.测氡数据处理软件设计[D].山西:太原理工大学,2003
[51]王福军.水泵测试系统通用软件的编制[J].农机试验与推广,1990,(3):4-7
[52]陈太雷.用Visual Basic编写水泵测试软件[J].通用机械,2004,(9):56-57
[53]F.Milanese.Operating Features Determination of boiler-Feed Pumps for Large Steam Power plants[J].proc,sixth conf,on Fluid Machinery,1979,(2)
[54]J.S.A" Guitton and H.Procaccia.Application of the Thermodynamic Method of Measurement for the Determination of the Boiler Feed pump Efficiency in Large Electrical Power Units of Electrocute de France[J].Advanced--Class Boiler Feed pumps,1972
[2]杨诗成,王喜魁.泵与风机[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[3]陈维健,付运刚,李功熹,等.矿山大型机电设备测试技术手册[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998
[4]A C Bwalya,M W Johnson.Experimental measurements in aCentrifugal Pump Impeller[J].Fluid Engieering,1996,692
[5]力昌兵.微机水泵综合参数测试系统的研究与开发[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2006
[6]徐起,纪祥,邱贵高.确定水泵、水轮机和液压元件效率的热力学方法的发展与现状[J].河北理工学院学报,1984,(01):104-108
[7]国际标准组织.IS05198[M].1987,41-49
[8]夏根福.微温差法测试泵特性[J].华东理工大学学报,1985,(2):33-38
[9]D·N·Singh.Thermodynamic Method of Measuring Turbine Efficiency[M].Tokyo:The Second International JSME Symposium FIuid Machinery and Fluidics,1972
[10]IEC607:1978.Method for Measuring the Efficiency of hydraulic turbines Storage Pumps and Pump-turbines(Thermodynamic Method)[S].BS5860,1980
[11]Li Tie tang,Efficiency Test of an oil Pump and an oil Motor comparison of a Thermodynamic Method with a Hydraulic Method[J].
[12]李春曦,安连锁,王松岭,等.热力学方法测量泵效率的研究进展[J].华北电力大学学报,2000,27(4):88-92
[13]东北电力学院.离心水泵[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1982
[14]冯青,李世武,张丽.工程热力学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006
[15]黄方谷,韩凤华.工程热力学与传热学[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,1993
[16]GB/T18149-2000,离心泵、混流泵和轴流泵水力性能实验规范一精密级[S].
[17]DL/T839-2003,大型锅炉给水泵性能现场试验方法[S].
[18]安连锁,王松龄,秦培义.用热力学法对泵效率、流量进行测定及在线监测的应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1994,11(2):36-40
[19]王兴国,郗孟杰,龚向阳,等.热力学法测试水泵效率的探讨[J].河北电力技术,2000,19(2):20-23
[20]朱复中.泵特性的微温差法测试技术研究[J].华东化工学院学报,1985,11(2):177-183
[21]冯金泉,蒋式柏.微温差法泵特性测试的精度及其影响因素[J].华东电力,1984,(10):22-25
[22]Yates M A.On Site Measurement of Pump Efficiency by Thermodynamic Means[J].World Pumps,1982,192:417-421
[23]Miline A J.Considerations When Using The Thermodynamic Method of Pump Testing[J].World Pumps,1990,(7):23-26
[24]吴九甫.泵效检测仪设计方案及原理[J].管道技术与设备,1994,(4):4-8
[25]柳松年,李世欣.离心水泵性能的工业现场测定[J].北京化工学院学报,1988,15(2):93-99
[26]张吉申.确定水泵、水轮机效率的热力学方法的发展与现状[J].流体机械,1985,(5)
[27]孙善贵,王刚凤.用焓熵公式计算水泵效率[J].华东电力,1989,(1):25-27
[28]钱绍圣.测量不确定度实验数据的处理和表示[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[29]国家质量技术监督局认证与实验室评审管理司.计量认证/审查认可评审准则宣贯指南[M].北京:中国计量出版社,2001,48-58
[30]杨懿.水泵质量评价及其测量不确定度研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003
[31]李建威.水力机械测试技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[32]GB3216-82,离心泵、混流泵、轴流泵和旋涡泵试验方法[S]
[33]GB214-82,水泵流量的测定方法[S]
[34]AQ1012-2005,煤矿在用主排水系统安全检测检验规范[S]
[35]Maurice Yates.A meter for pump efficiency measurement[J].World Pumps,1989,(1):7-9
[36]Chappuis J,Chenal R.Turbine-efficiency measurements using a commercial quartz thermometer[J].WaterPower,1971,(1):15-19
[37]J·S·Norgard.Thermodynamic Determination of power Loss in Hydraulic components[M].ASME paper,1972
[38]赵立新,李志斌,吴自峰,等.压差测量仪在水泵扬程测试中的应用[J].传感器技术,2001,20(2):35-39
[39]齐鄂荣,曾玉红.工程流体力学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005
[40]李红连.水泵微机测试系统研究[D].四川:西华大学,2004
[41]刘强.水泵在线测试技术的研究[D].江苏:江苏大学,2006
[42]GB/T10.2-1985,三相异步电动机试验方法[S]
[43]Michael Haivorson.Visual Basic 6.0循序渐进教程[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社
[44]张宏林.Visual Basic开发数据库[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1999
[45]启明工作室.VB+Access数据库应用系统开发与实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[46]王志梅.Visual Basic数据库应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[47]李庆杨.数值分析[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,武汉,2001
[48]赵林明.水泵性能曲线的解析表达方法[J].农田水利与水电,1992,(9):38-39
[49]徐士良.QBASIC常用算法程序集[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[50]郭俊丽.测氡数据处理软件设计[D].山西:太原理工大学,2003
[51]王福军.水泵测试系统通用软件的编制[J].农机试验与推广,1990,(3):4-7
[52]陈太雷.用Visual Basic编写水泵测试软件[J].通用机械,2004,(9):56-57
[53]F.Milanese.Operating Features Determination of boiler-Feed Pumps for Large Steam Power plants[J].proc,sixth conf,on Fluid Machinery,1979,(2)
[54]J.S.A" Guitton and H.Procaccia.Application of the Thermodynamic Method of Measurement for the Determination of the Boiler Feed pump Efficiency in Large Electrical Power Units of Electrocute de France[J].Advanced--Class Boiler Feed pumps,1972
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