公路下伏采空区地表变形及处治范围研究
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摘要
近些年来,随着交通建设的快速发展,高等级公路建设中越来越多地遇到下伏采空区地表变形评价与处治问题。如何有效地评价路线遇到的下伏采空区地表变形以及如何合理地进行采空区处治,是亟待解决的课题。
论文结合山西省交通厅重点课题“公路穿越采空区治理技术研究”,在对山西境内煤矿采空区广泛调查的基础上,首先系统地分析了影响公路路基稳定的下伏采空区地质和采矿因素,完成了影响采空区地表变形各因素的筛分和水平选择工作,并在此基础上建立了包含有6个因素和5个水平的典型模型,为公路下伏采空区地表变形研究奠定了基础。
其次,为了解决采矿参数回采率的数值计算难题,论文建立了“虚拟等效采空区”计算模型。通过不同采厚和采深采空区与相似条件下不同折减率采空区地表变形指标的对比计算分析,给出了回采率与折减率之间的换算公式,解决了数值模拟计算中回采率参数的应用困难。进而,根据正交试验方案,对不同类型的采空区典型模型进行了计算分析。研究结果显示：岩性为控制地表变形的首要因素,其次依序为采深、回采率、采深采厚比和采宽采深比等。根据计算结果,给出了各因素对地表变形影响的回归公式。
第三,在研究现有路基下伏采空区地表变形评价标准基础上,结合计算成果,给出了新的路基下伏采空区不处治判据：
1、平原地区长壁式开采,充分采动条件下(采深采宽比小于0.8),地表有明显沉降盆地,地表沉降盆体积与矿藏采出体积之差,不大于矿藏采出体积的30%,且闭矿时间大于2.5H(H为平均采深,m)天,距离盆边75m以内区域；
2、采用房柱式开采,回采率小于30%,且采深采厚比大于等于100。
第四,通过归纳分析,在充分考虑不同类型公路构筑物重要性和对采空区地表变形敏感程度差异的基础上,给出了新的公路下伏采空区路段构筑物允许变形建议值。并提出了“局部治理”和“不治理后期维护”等新的治理理念,并在此思想指导下设计出了矩形治理范围划定标准。
最后,论文将研究成果应用于霍永高速采空区治理工程中,取得了很好的社会经济效益。
In recent years, with the rapid development of highway construction, which encounter more and more problem of the evaluation and treatment of the mined-out area, how to evaluate the stability for mined-out area become more and more urgent in the transportation construction issues.
Combined with " the control technology of highway through mined-out area " of Shanxi Transportation Department, on the basis of extensive investigation for the coal mined-out area in Shanxi Province, the paper firstly has done a systematic study of geological and mining factors of mined-out area for road stability, screened out the main stability-affecting factors, completed system catalog and the choice of level for geologic elements which is the foundation of the stability evaluation standards. According to the results, the paper has given the regression equation of the factors on the surface deformation
Secondly,in the evaluation process of highway roadbed stability in mined-out area, in order to solve the numerical calculation problem of the recovery rate parameters, the computing concept of "virtual equivalent mined-out area " is introduced, which is calculated based on physical parameters of the recovery rate. The paper has given the conversion formula between the depreciation rate and the recovery rate parameters which involved numerical contrast calculation through surface deformation of discount calculation with consideration of different reduction rates and different mining thickness of similar conditions of mining area, Furthermore, after applying reduction formula by means of orthogonal experiment on different types arranged calculation program in mined-out area, the results show:lithology is the primary factor controlling ground subsidence, followed by mining deep, recovery rate, ratio of deep to thickness and depth.
Thirdly, combined with the calculation results, the paper has given the new criteria, after review of existing evaluation criteria of roadbed stability in mined-out area.
1、Plain longwall mined-out area of full extraction conditions (ratio of mining depth and mining width is less than0.8) has significant surface subsidence basin. The ratio of the difference between surface subsidence basin volume and the volume of mined-out minerals is not more than30%; the time of closure mine is greater than2.5H (H is the average mining depth, m) days; and the area is within75m from the basin edge;
2、In the room and pillar mined-out area, where the recovery rate is less than30%, the ratio between mining depth and mining thickness is greater than or equal to100.
Fourthly, based on different types of reduction calculation for mined-out area, the paper has presented recommended value allowing surface deformation of road construction, so that the numerical calculation of stability assessment with mined-out areas has criterion standards. New criteria has considered different sensitivity of different types of highway structures to subsidence in mined-out areas, which has directly indicated progressive industry standards compared to the old standard. Furthermore with the introduction of "local treatment ","post-maintenance treatment," and other new concepts of treatments, the paper proposed the rectangle scope of treatments, reducing the scope of governance at the premise of quality assurance.
Finally, research results has been used in the treatment of mined-out areas projects, such as Huo Yong high-speed way, which reflected the production values.
论文结合山西省交通厅重点课题“公路穿越采空区治理技术研究”,在对山西境内煤矿采空区广泛调查的基础上,首先系统地分析了影响公路路基稳定的下伏采空区地质和采矿因素,完成了影响采空区地表变形各因素的筛分和水平选择工作,并在此基础上建立了包含有6个因素和5个水平的典型模型,为公路下伏采空区地表变形研究奠定了基础。
其次,为了解决采矿参数回采率的数值计算难题,论文建立了“虚拟等效采空区”计算模型。通过不同采厚和采深采空区与相似条件下不同折减率采空区地表变形指标的对比计算分析,给出了回采率与折减率之间的换算公式,解决了数值模拟计算中回采率参数的应用困难。进而,根据正交试验方案,对不同类型的采空区典型模型进行了计算分析。研究结果显示：岩性为控制地表变形的首要因素,其次依序为采深、回采率、采深采厚比和采宽采深比等。根据计算结果,给出了各因素对地表变形影响的回归公式。
第三,在研究现有路基下伏采空区地表变形评价标准基础上,结合计算成果,给出了新的路基下伏采空区不处治判据：
1、平原地区长壁式开采,充分采动条件下(采深采宽比小于0.8),地表有明显沉降盆地,地表沉降盆体积与矿藏采出体积之差,不大于矿藏采出体积的30%,且闭矿时间大于2.5H(H为平均采深,m)天,距离盆边75m以内区域；
2、采用房柱式开采,回采率小于30%,且采深采厚比大于等于100。
第四,通过归纳分析,在充分考虑不同类型公路构筑物重要性和对采空区地表变形敏感程度差异的基础上,给出了新的公路下伏采空区路段构筑物允许变形建议值。并提出了“局部治理”和“不治理后期维护”等新的治理理念,并在此思想指导下设计出了矩形治理范围划定标准。
最后,论文将研究成果应用于霍永高速采空区治理工程中,取得了很好的社会经济效益。
In recent years, with the rapid development of highway construction, which encounter more and more problem of the evaluation and treatment of the mined-out area, how to evaluate the stability for mined-out area become more and more urgent in the transportation construction issues.
Combined with " the control technology of highway through mined-out area " of Shanxi Transportation Department, on the basis of extensive investigation for the coal mined-out area in Shanxi Province, the paper firstly has done a systematic study of geological and mining factors of mined-out area for road stability, screened out the main stability-affecting factors, completed system catalog and the choice of level for geologic elements which is the foundation of the stability evaluation standards. According to the results, the paper has given the regression equation of the factors on the surface deformation
Secondly,in the evaluation process of highway roadbed stability in mined-out area, in order to solve the numerical calculation problem of the recovery rate parameters, the computing concept of "virtual equivalent mined-out area " is introduced, which is calculated based on physical parameters of the recovery rate. The paper has given the conversion formula between the depreciation rate and the recovery rate parameters which involved numerical contrast calculation through surface deformation of discount calculation with consideration of different reduction rates and different mining thickness of similar conditions of mining area, Furthermore, after applying reduction formula by means of orthogonal experiment on different types arranged calculation program in mined-out area, the results show:lithology is the primary factor controlling ground subsidence, followed by mining deep, recovery rate, ratio of deep to thickness and depth.
Thirdly, combined with the calculation results, the paper has given the new criteria, after review of existing evaluation criteria of roadbed stability in mined-out area.
1、Plain longwall mined-out area of full extraction conditions (ratio of mining depth and mining width is less than0.8) has significant surface subsidence basin. The ratio of the difference between surface subsidence basin volume and the volume of mined-out minerals is not more than30%; the time of closure mine is greater than2.5H (H is the average mining depth, m) days; and the area is within75m from the basin edge;
2、In the room and pillar mined-out area, where the recovery rate is less than30%, the ratio between mining depth and mining thickness is greater than or equal to100.
Fourthly, based on different types of reduction calculation for mined-out area, the paper has presented recommended value allowing surface deformation of road construction, so that the numerical calculation of stability assessment with mined-out areas has criterion standards. New criteria has considered different sensitivity of different types of highway structures to subsidence in mined-out areas, which has directly indicated progressive industry standards compared to the old standard. Furthermore with the introduction of "local treatment ","post-maintenance treatment," and other new concepts of treatments, the paper proposed the rectangle scope of treatments, reducing the scope of governance at the premise of quality assurance.
Finally, research results has been used in the treatment of mined-out areas projects, such as Huo Yong high-speed way, which reflected the production values.
引文
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