基于光纤光栅检测的井下流量控制阀的研究
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摘要
随着经济的飞速发展,我国每年对石油的需求量非常大,而国内已发现的油田大部分处于开采中后期：高含水期,因此,要充分发挥各油层的作用,提高原油的采收率。目前,国内主要采用了分层开采技术,它分为机械式分层开采技术和微控制器分层开采技术。机械分层开采技术的缺点是结构复杂,分层时工作繁琐,效率低,没有流量控制系统,采收率不高。微控制器分层开采技术的缺点是无法实时准确的测量流量,信号干扰严重,很难实现地而和井下的通讯功能。但是,由于微控制器分层开采技术开始采用流量控制系统进行流量控制,显著提高了石油的开采率。
在这一背景下,针对流量不能精确控制和信息干扰严重的问题,本文提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感的井下流量控制阀开度检测系统。该系统采用光纤光栅传感技术实现了地而装置和井下流量控制阀无干扰信号传输方式,还可以实时获得井下流量信息,减少了传统常规作业。论文的主要工作内容如下：
1.介绍了井下流量控制阀的国内外研究现状,提出采用光纤光栅检测流量方法的应用前景。
2.分析了光纤光栅传感的基本原理和光纤光栅测量应变的基本原理,确定了光纤光栅用于井下流量控制阀的可行性,为光纤光栅开度检测系统的结构设计打下了基础。
3.分析了井下流量控制阀的使用要求,提出了井下流量控制阀的总体方案,论文工作中设计了井下流量控制阀,并对设计过程中的重要结构进行了研究与仿真。
4.根据井下流量控制阀的设计特点设计了开度检测系统,该检测系统主要检测内滑套的位移量,从而确定内外滑套的相对位移量,经过计算可得到流量的大小。另外,对开度检测系统进行理论分析时,也对系统的关键组成部分进行了选择与仿真。
5.开度检测系统进行了大位移检测的实验室实验,经实验验证,光纤光栅能够准确、可靠的测量阀的开度,实现对流量的检测,为井下流量控制提供了一种新的有效方法。
With the rapid development of economic in recent years, our country needs more and more oil. But domestic oil fields have been locating in the post-mining:the high water cut stage. So we need to make full use of each oil layers and increase the oil recovery ratio. At present, China mainly utilizes slice mining technology. It includes the mechanical slice mining technology and microcontroller slice mining technology. The drawbacks of mechanical slice mining technology are complex structure, cumbersome working process, low efficiency, no flow control system and low recovery ratio. The microcontroller control slice mining technology can not measure the flow accurately. And signal interference is so serious that the communication between the surface and down-hole is difficult. Because of the use of the flow control system for flow control, it improves recovery ratio evidently.
In this background, because of the inaccuracy of flow control and the difficult of message transmission, the paper brought forth the opening detection system of down-hole flow control valve based on fiber Bragg grating sensing. The system utilizes fiber Bragg grating sensing technology to realize interference-free signal transmission, get real-time information of the underground flow, reduce traditional routine task. The detailed content of this paper shows as follows:
1. This paper gives the background of down-hole flow control valve both at home and abroad, and it also proposes the good application prospect of down-hole flow control valve based on fiber Bragg grating sensing.
2. This article introduces the basic principle of fiber grating sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain measurement, and to determine the advantages of a fiber Bragg grating for the opening detection system of the down-hole flow control valve based on fiber Bragg grating structure design.
3. It analyzes the operating requirements of down-hole flow control valve, and gets the overall program of down-hole flow control valve. We design the down-hole flow control valve for easy flow control and do some researches and simulations on important structure.
4. According to the design features of the down-hole flow control valve, we design the opening detection system. The system is used to detect the displacement of the inner sleeve, and gets the relative displacement of the inner and outer sleeve. After calculation, it gets the size of the available flow. In addition, we make some theoretical analysis of the system, choose and simulate a key component.
5. Do some displacement detection laboratory experiments of the opening detection system, and proved by experiments that the fiber grating can be accurate, reliable measurement of valve opening, realize the flow detection. So this thesis provides a new effective method for down-hole flow control.
在这一背景下,针对流量不能精确控制和信息干扰严重的问题,本文提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感的井下流量控制阀开度检测系统。该系统采用光纤光栅传感技术实现了地而装置和井下流量控制阀无干扰信号传输方式,还可以实时获得井下流量信息,减少了传统常规作业。论文的主要工作内容如下：
1.介绍了井下流量控制阀的国内外研究现状,提出采用光纤光栅检测流量方法的应用前景。
2.分析了光纤光栅传感的基本原理和光纤光栅测量应变的基本原理,确定了光纤光栅用于井下流量控制阀的可行性,为光纤光栅开度检测系统的结构设计打下了基础。
3.分析了井下流量控制阀的使用要求,提出了井下流量控制阀的总体方案,论文工作中设计了井下流量控制阀,并对设计过程中的重要结构进行了研究与仿真。
4.根据井下流量控制阀的设计特点设计了开度检测系统,该检测系统主要检测内滑套的位移量,从而确定内外滑套的相对位移量,经过计算可得到流量的大小。另外,对开度检测系统进行理论分析时,也对系统的关键组成部分进行了选择与仿真。
5.开度检测系统进行了大位移检测的实验室实验,经实验验证,光纤光栅能够准确、可靠的测量阀的开度,实现对流量的检测,为井下流量控制提供了一种新的有效方法。
With the rapid development of economic in recent years, our country needs more and more oil. But domestic oil fields have been locating in the post-mining:the high water cut stage. So we need to make full use of each oil layers and increase the oil recovery ratio. At present, China mainly utilizes slice mining technology. It includes the mechanical slice mining technology and microcontroller slice mining technology. The drawbacks of mechanical slice mining technology are complex structure, cumbersome working process, low efficiency, no flow control system and low recovery ratio. The microcontroller control slice mining technology can not measure the flow accurately. And signal interference is so serious that the communication between the surface and down-hole is difficult. Because of the use of the flow control system for flow control, it improves recovery ratio evidently.
In this background, because of the inaccuracy of flow control and the difficult of message transmission, the paper brought forth the opening detection system of down-hole flow control valve based on fiber Bragg grating sensing. The system utilizes fiber Bragg grating sensing technology to realize interference-free signal transmission, get real-time information of the underground flow, reduce traditional routine task. The detailed content of this paper shows as follows:
1. This paper gives the background of down-hole flow control valve both at home and abroad, and it also proposes the good application prospect of down-hole flow control valve based on fiber Bragg grating sensing.
2. This article introduces the basic principle of fiber grating sensor and fiber Bragg grating strain measurement, and to determine the advantages of a fiber Bragg grating for the opening detection system of the down-hole flow control valve based on fiber Bragg grating structure design.
3. It analyzes the operating requirements of down-hole flow control valve, and gets the overall program of down-hole flow control valve. We design the down-hole flow control valve for easy flow control and do some researches and simulations on important structure.
4. According to the design features of the down-hole flow control valve, we design the opening detection system. The system is used to detect the displacement of the inner sleeve, and gets the relative displacement of the inner and outer sleeve. After calculation, it gets the size of the available flow. In addition, we make some theoretical analysis of the system, choose and simulate a key component.
5. Do some displacement detection laboratory experiments of the opening detection system, and proved by experiments that the fiber grating can be accurate, reliable measurement of valve opening, realize the flow detection. So this thesis provides a new effective method for down-hole flow control.
引文
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[3]康兴妹等.油田分层注水工艺技术的应用及发展[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,(10):187-188.
[4]Xu Tang,Baosheng Zhang and Lianyong Feng. Forecast of Petroleum Production in Daqing Petroleumfield based on System Dynamics. [J]. IEEE,2008:1-6.
[5]裴承河,陈守民,陈军斌.分层注水技术在长6油藏开发中的应用.西安石油大学学报,2006,21(2)：33-36.
[6]徐兴权.可调层机械堵水技术.江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(2):99-100.
[7]候建华,邵建中等.濮城油田特高含水期高压分层注水工艺技术.钻采工艺,2005:112-114.
[8]范锡彦,于鑫,杨洪源等.分层注水井分层流量及验封测试技术.石油机械,2007,35(10):64-65.
[9]陈宁,刘成双,逯梅等.油井智能法找水分层测试技术的研究与应用.钻采工艺,2008:68-73.
[10]王妍.井下智能阀门控制系统的技术研究与装置开发[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2006,12.
[11]严光兴.油井注水阀门智能调节系统设计[D].厦门大学硕士学位论文,2008,5.
[12]祝荣荣,张士文等.智能型阀门电动执行机构控制器的设计.工业仪表与自动化装置,2005,(4)：26-28.
[13]王作文,孟晓平.智能阀门控制器在压力机自动控制系统中的应用.电气时代,2003,(2)：64-66.
[14]栾中伟,陈平,王学宏等.小直径分层注水工艺技术.石汕地质与工程,2007,21(2):69-71.
[15]伍朝东,李胜等.井下智能找堵水分层采油技术[J].石油天然气学报.2008,6,30(3):376-378.
[16]杜香芝,李俊玲,刘玉艳.智能井开关器在试油中的应用.石油机械,2001,29(8):50-51.
[17]于清旭,王晓娜,宋世德等.光纤F-P腔压力传感器在高温油井下的应用研究[J].光电予,2007,3：20-22.
[18]肖述琴,陈军斌.智能完井综合系统.西安石油大学学报,2004,3:37-44.
[19]张绍槐.智能油井管在石油勘探开发中的应用与发展前景[J].石油钻探技术,2004,32(4)：1-4.
[20]倪杰,李海涛等.智能完井新技术[J].海洋石油,2006,6:84-87.
[21]Jimmie Robert Williamson, Carrollton, TX (US). INFINITELY VARIABLE CONTROL VALVE APPARATUS AND METHOD:US,671558 B2 [P].2004-4-6.
[22]Adam Wright, Roger L Schultz. MULTICYCLE HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVE:US, 7552773 B2 [P].2009-6-30.
[23]Mescall Stephen, Stone Matthew C, et al. Multi-Point injection System for a Petroleumfield Operation:WO,2009/149031 A2 [P].2009-12-10.
[24]Joseph Paul. Actuator for Downhole Tools:WO,2010/065409 A2 [P].2010-6-10.
[25]Willauer Darrin L, Weinig Conrad G, Going Walter S. Method and System For Control of Hydraulic Systems:WO,2010/111370 A2 [P].2010-9-30.
[26]Hopmann Don A, Cousin Dan, et al. Positin Sensor for a Downhole Completeon Device:WO, 2009/064655 A2 [P].2009-5-22.
[27]Difoggio Rocco. Evanescent Wave Downhole Fiber Optics Spectrometer:WO,2010/083386 A2 [P].2010-7-22.
[28]Coronado Martin P, Crow Steve L, Henriksen Knut. Inflow Control Device with Passive Shut-Off Feature:WO,2007/027617 A2 [P].2007-3-8.
[29]Anderson David Z, et al. Switching Apparatus Between Independent Control Systems For A Subsurface Safety Valve:WO,2009/026217 A2 [P].2009-2-26.
[30]Kenison Michael H, Eatwell William D, et al. Inflate Control System for Inflatable Straddle Stimulation Tool:WO,2005/068769 A2 [P].2005-7-28.
[31]Debard Julien, Estilette JR Felix, et al. Single Trip Well Completion System:WO, 2010/083190 Al [P].2010-7-22.
[32]Patel Dinesh R, Destremau Axel. Technique and System for Completing a Well:WO, 2009/015109 Al [P].2009-1-29.
[33]Kerr John A. Subsea Well production System:WO,2009/114445 Al [P].2009-9-17.
[34]Ali Syed, Still John W, et al. Fluid Loss Control in Wellbore Completion Operations:WO, 2010/161309 Al [P].2010-6-3.
[35]Rondeau Joel, Gambier Philippe, et al. Damper Cartridge for Launching Plugs in Cementing operations:WO,2010/069478 Al [P].2010-6-24.
[36]Patel Dinesh R, Ross Donald W, Ali Mohammad Athar. Porviding a Removable Electrical Pump in a Completion System:WO,2008/112697 A1 [P].2008-9-18.
[37]Chen Kou-chi-ang, El-Knazindar Yasser Mahmoud. Wireless Power and Telemetry Transmission Between Connections of Well Completions:WO,2010/083210 Al [P]. 2010-7-22.
[38]Firmin Cully, Lafleur Louis F. A Unitized Multi-Gauge Multi-Circuit Gauge Cluster, System Array and Gauge Carrier for Permanent Down-hole Production Tube Monitoring:WO, 2008/112331 Al [P].2008-9-18.
[39]Michael A Carmody, Robert J Coon, et al. Downhole Flow Control Devices:US,6334486 Bl [P].2002-1-1.
[40]Ratterman Eugene, Voll Benn A, et al. Screen Folw Equalization System:WO,2010/096255 A2 [P].2010-8-26.
[41]Jones Kevin R. One Trip Completion System:WO,2005/100742 Al [P].2005-10-27.
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