分层注水流量智能测调系统的研究
摘要
油田采油到了中后期,普遍以注水驱油技术做为采油的主要技术手段。每口水井都必须对多个油层同时注水,为了达到最佳的采油效果,需要对不同的油层进行定量的配注。在现有的采油技术中,偏心注水是目前油田采用的最主要方法,虽然偏心配水工艺可以解决多级分层注水的问题；但测调工艺是个非常烦琐复杂的过程。就拿四层配注井来说,要使单井的测调达到配注要求,仪器的投捞至少需要20次,加上系统稳定时间,单井的测调至少耗10天的时间；由于测调时间的增加,劳动强度相应增大,浪费大量人力物力。这种测调工艺方法工作量大、效率低,已经严重制约了注水技术的发展。针对上述问题,我们研究设计了分层注水流量智能测调系统,该系统的研究成功解决了这一技术难题。
本文利用PIC单片机、传感器、步进电机等技术设计了用于油井注水的分层注水流量智能测调系统,该系统能够按照井下所需流量的变化,进行注水流量的自动、平稳地调节,从而实现了油井分层注水流量调节的自动化。
以PIC16F877A为核心的控制器通过现场的传感器将温度、压力、流量等信号转换成相应的电信号,经过电路调理后送入单片机,以实现对信号的采集。采集后的数据与预先设定的期望值进行比较,当流量超出预先设定的数值时,执行机构对其进行控制。单片机控制器能独立完成现场流量的控制,同时与管理计算机进行串行通信,接收上位机指令后,把采集的数据传送给上位机。上位机可以对接收到的数据进行处理,为用户提供简洁、直观的操作界面。
该系统通过在现场测试,达到了预期的注水量调配效果,系统运行稳定。
In the mid-late stage of the Oil Field, generally use the water flooding oil recovery technology as the main technical means. Each of wells has to be on a number of reservoir water at the same time. In order to achieve the best extraction results, it needs a different quantitative distribution reservoir injection. In the existing oil extraction technology, eccentric oilfield water injection is the main method to be used. Although the eccentric water distribution technology can solve the issue of multi-level hierarchical injection, measuring adjustment process is very cumbersome and complex process. For example the four-story with injection wells, measuring the adjustment of achievement with single-well injection requirements, pushing and pulling the equipment at least 20 times. Added with the system stable time, measuring a single well adjusted consumption at least need 10 days time. For the measured transfer time increased, the labor intensity of a corresponding increase, wasting large amounts of manpower and resources. This adjustment process of measuring is workload and low efficiency, which has severely restricted the water injection technology. For these problems, we research and design of hierarchical intelligent measuring water flow adjustment system, which succeeded in solving this technical problem.
In this paper, PIC microcontrollers, sensors, stepper motors and other technical design are used for oil well injection water flow of the hierarchical intelligent measuring adjustment system. The system in accordance with changes in down hole required to carry out water flow automatically smooth adjustment. So stratified water injection wells achieve the automation of traffic conditioning.
To PIC16F877A as the core of the controller through on-site sensors will be temperature, pressure, flow, and other signals into a corresponding electrical signal into the microcontroller through the circuit, after conditioning in order to achieve signal acquisition. Comparing the collecting data and pre-set expectations, when the flow exceeds a pre-set value, the executing agency to control it. Micro-controller can independently complete the on-site traffic control, at the same time with the management computer serial communication, the receiving host computer command, the collected data to host computer. Host computer can be docked to process the data received, to provide users with simple, intuitive interface. The system passed the test and achieved the desired effect of injection of water allocation, has realized a safe, reliable and the system is running stable.
本文利用PIC单片机、传感器、步进电机等技术设计了用于油井注水的分层注水流量智能测调系统,该系统能够按照井下所需流量的变化,进行注水流量的自动、平稳地调节,从而实现了油井分层注水流量调节的自动化。
以PIC16F877A为核心的控制器通过现场的传感器将温度、压力、流量等信号转换成相应的电信号,经过电路调理后送入单片机,以实现对信号的采集。采集后的数据与预先设定的期望值进行比较,当流量超出预先设定的数值时,执行机构对其进行控制。单片机控制器能独立完成现场流量的控制,同时与管理计算机进行串行通信,接收上位机指令后,把采集的数据传送给上位机。上位机可以对接收到的数据进行处理,为用户提供简洁、直观的操作界面。
该系统通过在现场测试,达到了预期的注水量调配效果,系统运行稳定。
In the mid-late stage of the Oil Field, generally use the water flooding oil recovery technology as the main technical means. Each of wells has to be on a number of reservoir water at the same time. In order to achieve the best extraction results, it needs a different quantitative distribution reservoir injection. In the existing oil extraction technology, eccentric oilfield water injection is the main method to be used. Although the eccentric water distribution technology can solve the issue of multi-level hierarchical injection, measuring adjustment process is very cumbersome and complex process. For example the four-story with injection wells, measuring the adjustment of achievement with single-well injection requirements, pushing and pulling the equipment at least 20 times. Added with the system stable time, measuring a single well adjusted consumption at least need 10 days time. For the measured transfer time increased, the labor intensity of a corresponding increase, wasting large amounts of manpower and resources. This adjustment process of measuring is workload and low efficiency, which has severely restricted the water injection technology. For these problems, we research and design of hierarchical intelligent measuring water flow adjustment system, which succeeded in solving this technical problem.
In this paper, PIC microcontrollers, sensors, stepper motors and other technical design are used for oil well injection water flow of the hierarchical intelligent measuring adjustment system. The system in accordance with changes in down hole required to carry out water flow automatically smooth adjustment. So stratified water injection wells achieve the automation of traffic conditioning.
To PIC16F877A as the core of the controller through on-site sensors will be temperature, pressure, flow, and other signals into a corresponding electrical signal into the microcontroller through the circuit, after conditioning in order to achieve signal acquisition. Comparing the collecting data and pre-set expectations, when the flow exceeds a pre-set value, the executing agency to control it. Micro-controller can independently complete the on-site traffic control, at the same time with the management computer serial communication, the receiving host computer command, the collected data to host computer. Host computer can be docked to process the data received, to provide users with simple, intuitive interface. The system passed the test and achieved the desired effect of injection of water allocation, has realized a safe, reliable and the system is running stable.
引文
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[5]Kumar, A. Steady flow equations for wells in partial water—drive reservoirs[J]. J. Petrol. Technol.,1989, (29):1654—1656.
[6]王中国、王清发、王波、张惠殊、张传军.一种油田分层注水流量测试与调整方法[P].中国专利.1601053.2004-10-12
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[8]de.Swaan,A. Waterflooding in Practured Reservoirs[J].SPEJ.1978, (18):117-122.
[9]Mattax, C. C. and J. R. Kyte. Imbibition Oil Recovery from Fractured, Water—Driver Reservoir[J]. SPEJ.1992, (6):177—184.
[10]曲昌学,王玉玲,智勤功,贾庆升,李南春,冯延壮,袁伯利.油田注水井智能双流调节阀装置的研制[J].石油机械,2002,(6)：24—26.
[11]李彦平.注水开发油藏合理压力水平研究[J].新疆石油学院学报,2003。(3)：52-56.
[12]逄启寿,刘本辉,冯羽生,杨杰.基于步进数字式闭环控制的流量控制系统[J].机械工程与自动化.2008,(3)：132-134
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[14]Mattax, C. C. and J. R. Kyte. Imbibition Oil Recovery from Fractured, Water—Driver Reservoir[J]. SPEJ.1992, (6):177—184
[15]许丽娇,徐呈艺.南通职业大学学报[J].基于模糊控制的煤粉流量控制系统2007..2(4);92-94
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[17][美]G.鲍尔.威尔海特.注水[M].刘民中,唐金华译.北京：石油工业出版社,1992.2
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[19]陆德明主编.石油化工自动控制设计手册[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2000.1.
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[21]William J. Palm, Control System Engineering, Prentice Hall Inc. EnglewoodCliffs[J], New Jersey,1986.
[22]马冬兰.注水井存储式流量计[P].中国：02280919.2003.10.1.
[23]李学海.PIC单片机原理[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.5.
[24]李学海.PIC单片机实践[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.6.
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[30]陆培文,孙晓霞,杨炯良.阀门选用手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2005.1.
[31]宋虎堂等.阀门选用手册[M].北京：化学一1：业出版社.2007.6.
[32]党瑞荣,谢雁,李利品等.TMS320C3x DSP原理与应用[M].西安：陕西科学技术出版社,2006.151-157.
[33]张羽.浅谈流量计的选型及其应用[J].自动化与仪表,2007,(1)：24—27.
[34]贺宣庆.电磁流量计的正确选择择与使用[U].仪器仪表标准化与计量,2004,(2)：44-48.
[35]源计算机工作室.Protell 99 SE原理图与PCB设计.北京：机械工业出版社,2001.
[37]华毅,王妍。基于单片机的高温井下智能阀门控制系统.仪器仪表用户,2006,13(5)：31—32.
[37]Boykor I v. Method of Determing the Regions of Stability of Autamtice Control Systelns[J]Journal of Computer and System Sciences International,1994, (5):45-47.
[38]王陈胜,王寿和.电磁流量计的应用与发展[J].工业计量,1999,(S1)：316—318.
[39]周俊.流量仪表及其选型[J].仪表技术与传感器,2001,(10)：42-43.
[40]赵彩琳.流量计的选型及应用[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,(24)：241—243.
[41]蔡武昌,马中元,瞿国芳,王松良.电磁流量计[M].北京：中国石化出版社.2004.3.
[42]杨建国,张宁,郭浏.电磁流量计的选型及应用[J].河南冶金,2006,(4)：49—52.
[43]彭建,刘跃.固态继电器及在应用中一些问题的探讨[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,(6)：64—70.
[44]赖麒文.8051单片机C语言彻底应用.北京：科学出版社.2002.(2)：41-43.
[45]王昌华.同态继电器及其应用[J].西北电力技术,2004,(5)：56—59.
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