OFDM系统的自适应空时频处理
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摘要
本文在小尺度衰落OFDM系统基础上,结合空时处理、波束成形和功率控制等技术,对MIMO-OFDM系统中的空时频处理、自适应交织以及多用户分集中的自适应调制等关键问题进行了深入研究。全文共分八章。
第一章对移动通信中OFDM系统空时处理和自适应技术的研究现状进行了综述,确定本文的研究背景和研究内容。
第二章介绍本文研究所涉及到的基础知识。
第三章重点介绍和分析了OFDM技术的相关基础理论及发射和接收模型,并总结了OFDM技术的优缺点。
第四章研究了基于小尺度衰落下OFDM系统的移动信道的特性,从理论上推导并给出了信道估计器的MMSE,通过仿真实验研究并分析了OFDM系统性能。
第五章首先针对STC-OFDM系统的模型、系统容量及性能进行分析,并进行了不同信道状态下的仿真实验。在STC-OFDM系统基础上提出频率分集系统模型,分析了该模型频率分集算法和成对错误概率的上限值,给出了系统的编码增益和分集增益。
第六章提出基于MIMO-OFDM系统的自适应交织模型。该模型利用瞬时信道的可变性,根据一个OFDM帧准静态信道SNR,重新安排发送符号的顺序,分解长的突发坏信道以提高系统性能。推导了自适应交织算法,分析了MIMO-OFDM系统误码性能,给出了该模型的编码增益和分集增益。
第七章联合考虑多用户分集和自适应调制技术,将可变速率方法推广到频率选择性衰落信道上,建立了基于随机波束成形和自适应调制的MIMO-OFDM系统的自适应多用户分集系统模型,提出了随机波束成形QR接收机的自适应多用户分集资源分配算法及其简化算法,推导了在最大化系统吞吐量和最小化系统误码率情况下系统的误码性能。
第八章对全文进行了总结,并分析了今后有待进一步研究的问题。
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the core technique of mobile communication system in the future. It has much better frequency-spectrum efficiency and ability of bating multi-path interference. It can not only increase the system capacity but also satisfy communication demand of multimedia.
Shadow effect and multi-path interference can be restrained by applying space-time processing to OFDM system. However, it is unpractical to receiver because the size and cost of system are greatly enhanced by increasing the number of antenna.
Interleaving is used to obtain time diversity in a digital communications system without adding any overhead. The purpose of interleaving is to randomize the burst channel errors. This can greatly improve the performance of the error-correcting codes. In fact, it is difficult to restrain a long continuous burst channel error using the traditional error correction codes and block interleaving because channel errors caused by the mobile wireless channel are usually burst in nature.
Adaptive modulation can greatly improve the frequency-spectrum efficiency and promote system capacity. However, it is necessary for adaptive modulation to include some spending bits that apprize the modulation mode of the transmitted signal in the receiver. Besides, the modulation information require be updated in the receiver, which will increase much more spending bits.
In order to restrain the multi-path fading of wireless communication system and promote the system capacity and frequency-spectrum efficiency, the paper investigate the key issue of space-time-frequency processing, adaptive interleaving and adaptive modulation of multi-user diversity in multiple-input and multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM)system based on small-scale fading of OFDM system.
The innovation works and results are summed up as follow.
1. A model of frequency diversity based on Space-Time Block Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(STBC-OFDM)systems is proposed. Without increasing the number of transmit antennas, the model promote the system BER performance and reduce the complexity of the system utilizing frequency diversity.
2. In order to restrain the effect of a long continuous burst channel error in mobile wireless channel, an adaptive interleaving model for MIMO-OFDM systems is proposed. The model could better exploit the instantaneous channel variation by rearranging the transmitted symbols according to the quasi-instantaneous channel SNR in a OFDM frame. The result shows that the performance of the proposed model is better than the traditional block interleaving. In addition, the model have a good restrain to a long continuous burst channel error.
3. Considered multi-user diversity and adaptive modulation, an variable-rate algorithm is investigated based on frequency selective fading channel. An model of adaptive multi-user diversity based on random beamforming and adaptive modulation in a MIMO-OFDM system is established. An resource allocation algorithm and a simplified algorithm of adaptive multi-user diversity combining random beam-former and linear QR receiver are proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm can make the system performance approach that of eigen-beamforming system when the user number is small. Multi-user diversity with antenna allocation can obtain better performance than that of eigen-beamforming system. Finally, adaptive subchannel coded modulation can improve system throughput and BER performance. In addition, its system structure is simplified using subchannel grouping method at the expense of a negligible performance degradation.
The dissertation consists of eight chapters.
Chapter one is introduction, in which development history and status of mobile communication, space-time processing and adaptive technique of OFDM system are summarized. After that the research content of this dissertation are proposed. Chapter two is the fundamental knowledge involved in this dissertation. The knowledge of matrix algebra is introduced. The model and capacity of fading channel, interleaving and waterfilling are described.
In Chapter three, the basic theory of OFDM is described. The implement principle of OFDM using FFT is analyzed. The principle of eliminating ISI using cyclic prefix and the effect of it is discussed. the peak-to- average ratio in OFDM system, and two methods of decreasing the peak-to- average ratio are introduced, which are called amplitude limited method and coding method. At the end of this chapter, the advantage and disadvantage of OFDM is given.
In chapter four, statistics of mobile channels in OFDM systems based on small-scale fading is investigated in theory, and MMSE of channel estimator is deduced. The performance of OFDM systems is analyzed through simulation. In chapter five, an model of space-time frequency based on OFDM system is investigated. The diversity gain and the performance of wireless communication system can be improved by increasing the number of transmitted or received antenna. However, it is unpractical to receiver because the size and cost of system is greatly enhanced by increasing the number of antennas. At first, an model of STC-OFDM system is investigated. The system capacity and performance of STC-OFDM system are analyzed under different channel state information(CSI). A frequency diversity model for STBC-OFDM systems is proposed. Under the same SER performance, the number of transmitted antenna is not required to be increased because of using frequency diversity. In the end, the upper bound of PEP of the proposed scheme is analyzed, and the coding and diversity gain is derived.
In chapter six, an adaptive interleaving model for MIMO-OFDM systems is investigated. Interleaving is used to obtain time diversity in a digital communications system without adding any overhead. The purpose of interleaving is to randomize the burst channel errors. This can greatly improve the performance of the error-correcting codes, which is often good at correcting random errors. In fact, the traditional method of error-correcting codes and interleaving technique don’t adapt to the channel burst errors because the channel errors produced by mobile wireless channel are burst. An adaptive interleaving model for MIMO-OFDM systems is proposed, which could better exploit the instantaneous channel variation by rearranging the transmitted symbols according to the quasi-instantaneous channel SNR in the OFDM frame. The purpose is to break up a long burst channel error so that overall bit error probability is reduced. The algorithm of adaptive interleaving is deduced. The upper bound of PEP of the MIMO_OFDM systems is investigated. The code gain and diversity gain of the proposed model are given.
In chapter seven, an model of adaptive multi-user diversity based on MIMO-OFDM system is investigated. Each carrier of OFDM system use different modulation according to CSI. The optimal modulation can obtain the maximal frequency-spectrum efficiency. This chapter apply the Variable-rate method to the frequency selective fading channel using multi-user diversity and adaptive modulation technique. An model of adaptive multi-user diversity based on random beamforming and adaptive modulation MIMO-OFDM system is established. An resource allocation algorithm and simplified algorithm of adaptive multi-user diversity combining random beam-former and linear QR receiver are proposed. The system BER performance is deduced when the system throughput is maximal and the BER of system is minimum.
In chapter eight, a brief summary of the dissertation is given. The suggestion for future research related to the adaptive space-time processing of OFDM system is put forward.
第一章对移动通信中OFDM系统空时处理和自适应技术的研究现状进行了综述,确定本文的研究背景和研究内容。
第二章介绍本文研究所涉及到的基础知识。
第三章重点介绍和分析了OFDM技术的相关基础理论及发射和接收模型,并总结了OFDM技术的优缺点。
第四章研究了基于小尺度衰落下OFDM系统的移动信道的特性,从理论上推导并给出了信道估计器的MMSE,通过仿真实验研究并分析了OFDM系统性能。
第五章首先针对STC-OFDM系统的模型、系统容量及性能进行分析,并进行了不同信道状态下的仿真实验。在STC-OFDM系统基础上提出频率分集系统模型,分析了该模型频率分集算法和成对错误概率的上限值,给出了系统的编码增益和分集增益。
第六章提出基于MIMO-OFDM系统的自适应交织模型。该模型利用瞬时信道的可变性,根据一个OFDM帧准静态信道SNR,重新安排发送符号的顺序,分解长的突发坏信道以提高系统性能。推导了自适应交织算法,分析了MIMO-OFDM系统误码性能,给出了该模型的编码增益和分集增益。
第七章联合考虑多用户分集和自适应调制技术,将可变速率方法推广到频率选择性衰落信道上,建立了基于随机波束成形和自适应调制的MIMO-OFDM系统的自适应多用户分集系统模型,提出了随机波束成形QR接收机的自适应多用户分集资源分配算法及其简化算法,推导了在最大化系统吞吐量和最小化系统误码率情况下系统的误码性能。
第八章对全文进行了总结,并分析了今后有待进一步研究的问题。
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the core technique of mobile communication system in the future. It has much better frequency-spectrum efficiency and ability of bating multi-path interference. It can not only increase the system capacity but also satisfy communication demand of multimedia.
Shadow effect and multi-path interference can be restrained by applying space-time processing to OFDM system. However, it is unpractical to receiver because the size and cost of system are greatly enhanced by increasing the number of antenna.
Interleaving is used to obtain time diversity in a digital communications system without adding any overhead. The purpose of interleaving is to randomize the burst channel errors. This can greatly improve the performance of the error-correcting codes. In fact, it is difficult to restrain a long continuous burst channel error using the traditional error correction codes and block interleaving because channel errors caused by the mobile wireless channel are usually burst in nature.
Adaptive modulation can greatly improve the frequency-spectrum efficiency and promote system capacity. However, it is necessary for adaptive modulation to include some spending bits that apprize the modulation mode of the transmitted signal in the receiver. Besides, the modulation information require be updated in the receiver, which will increase much more spending bits.
In order to restrain the multi-path fading of wireless communication system and promote the system capacity and frequency-spectrum efficiency, the paper investigate the key issue of space-time-frequency processing, adaptive interleaving and adaptive modulation of multi-user diversity in multiple-input and multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM)system based on small-scale fading of OFDM system.
The innovation works and results are summed up as follow.
1. A model of frequency diversity based on Space-Time Block Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(STBC-OFDM)systems is proposed. Without increasing the number of transmit antennas, the model promote the system BER performance and reduce the complexity of the system utilizing frequency diversity.
2. In order to restrain the effect of a long continuous burst channel error in mobile wireless channel, an adaptive interleaving model for MIMO-OFDM systems is proposed. The model could better exploit the instantaneous channel variation by rearranging the transmitted symbols according to the quasi-instantaneous channel SNR in a OFDM frame. The result shows that the performance of the proposed model is better than the traditional block interleaving. In addition, the model have a good restrain to a long continuous burst channel error.
3. Considered multi-user diversity and adaptive modulation, an variable-rate algorithm is investigated based on frequency selective fading channel. An model of adaptive multi-user diversity based on random beamforming and adaptive modulation in a MIMO-OFDM system is established. An resource allocation algorithm and a simplified algorithm of adaptive multi-user diversity combining random beam-former and linear QR receiver are proposed. Simulation results show that the algorithm can make the system performance approach that of eigen-beamforming system when the user number is small. Multi-user diversity with antenna allocation can obtain better performance than that of eigen-beamforming system. Finally, adaptive subchannel coded modulation can improve system throughput and BER performance. In addition, its system structure is simplified using subchannel grouping method at the expense of a negligible performance degradation.
The dissertation consists of eight chapters.
Chapter one is introduction, in which development history and status of mobile communication, space-time processing and adaptive technique of OFDM system are summarized. After that the research content of this dissertation are proposed. Chapter two is the fundamental knowledge involved in this dissertation. The knowledge of matrix algebra is introduced. The model and capacity of fading channel, interleaving and waterfilling are described.
In Chapter three, the basic theory of OFDM is described. The implement principle of OFDM using FFT is analyzed. The principle of eliminating ISI using cyclic prefix and the effect of it is discussed. the peak-to- average ratio in OFDM system, and two methods of decreasing the peak-to- average ratio are introduced, which are called amplitude limited method and coding method. At the end of this chapter, the advantage and disadvantage of OFDM is given.
In chapter four, statistics of mobile channels in OFDM systems based on small-scale fading is investigated in theory, and MMSE of channel estimator is deduced. The performance of OFDM systems is analyzed through simulation. In chapter five, an model of space-time frequency based on OFDM system is investigated. The diversity gain and the performance of wireless communication system can be improved by increasing the number of transmitted or received antenna. However, it is unpractical to receiver because the size and cost of system is greatly enhanced by increasing the number of antennas. At first, an model of STC-OFDM system is investigated. The system capacity and performance of STC-OFDM system are analyzed under different channel state information(CSI). A frequency diversity model for STBC-OFDM systems is proposed. Under the same SER performance, the number of transmitted antenna is not required to be increased because of using frequency diversity. In the end, the upper bound of PEP of the proposed scheme is analyzed, and the coding and diversity gain is derived.
In chapter six, an adaptive interleaving model for MIMO-OFDM systems is investigated. Interleaving is used to obtain time diversity in a digital communications system without adding any overhead. The purpose of interleaving is to randomize the burst channel errors. This can greatly improve the performance of the error-correcting codes, which is often good at correcting random errors. In fact, the traditional method of error-correcting codes and interleaving technique don’t adapt to the channel burst errors because the channel errors produced by mobile wireless channel are burst. An adaptive interleaving model for MIMO-OFDM systems is proposed, which could better exploit the instantaneous channel variation by rearranging the transmitted symbols according to the quasi-instantaneous channel SNR in the OFDM frame. The purpose is to break up a long burst channel error so that overall bit error probability is reduced. The algorithm of adaptive interleaving is deduced. The upper bound of PEP of the MIMO_OFDM systems is investigated. The code gain and diversity gain of the proposed model are given.
In chapter seven, an model of adaptive multi-user diversity based on MIMO-OFDM system is investigated. Each carrier of OFDM system use different modulation according to CSI. The optimal modulation can obtain the maximal frequency-spectrum efficiency. This chapter apply the Variable-rate method to the frequency selective fading channel using multi-user diversity and adaptive modulation technique. An model of adaptive multi-user diversity based on random beamforming and adaptive modulation MIMO-OFDM system is established. An resource allocation algorithm and simplified algorithm of adaptive multi-user diversity combining random beam-former and linear QR receiver are proposed. The system BER performance is deduced when the system throughput is maximal and the BER of system is minimum.
In chapter eight, a brief summary of the dissertation is given. The suggestion for future research related to the adaptive space-time processing of OFDM system is put forward.
引文
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