基于船体变形的轴系校中技术研究
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摘要
轴系校中质量的好坏,对保障船舶及轴系长期、稳定、正运转及船舶航行的安全非常重要。影响轴系校中质量的因素很多,大体上分为动态因素和非动态因素。对于非动态因素,工作人员可以从操作、设计等角度来寻求对策;而动态因素,则是当前轴系校中研究的一个重要课题。
本文研究轴系校中技术,做了如下几方面的工作:
了解轴系组成,分析其所承受的负荷,并对轴系校中的重要性及复杂性进行了初步探索。
对轴系校中计算的常用方法进行研究比较,发现在ANSYS软件支撑下的有限元法在速度、准确度方面都有比较大的优势。
在全面分析影响轴系校中质量诸因素的基础上,选取船体变形这一动态因素为研究对象。然后通过仔细分析船体变形,从轴系校中的定义出发,引出变形耦合理论来实现轴系校中在船舶不同装载情况之间的平衡,并详细阐述了变形耦合的一条可行途径。最后,从轴系合理校中比较常用的三弯矩法、迁移矩阵法和有限元法中选取比较实用的有限元法,对某船型轴系进行校中计算及变形耦合计算,验证了变形耦合理论的合理性。
The quality of shafting alignment is important to the long, stable, normal operation of the ship and shafting system. There are lots of factors that affect the quality of shafting alignment. These factors could be divided into two classes, dynamic and non-dynamic factors. For non-dynamic factors, more attention should be paid to the work of design and operation. The effect of dynamic factors should be studied further.
The importance and complexity of shafting alignment is studied, and then hull deformation, one of the dynamic factors that affect the quality of shafting alignment, is picked to be analyzed and studied.
Those methods that are usually used to calculate shafting reasonable alignment are compared with each other. Among those methods, the Finite Element Method is faster and more accurate.
Hull deformations can be caused by two main factors, waves and different load conditions. To search a best balance between hull deformations that are caused by different load conditions, the theory of "deformation coupling" is proposed. Then through the shafting alignment calculation of some one ship form, the rationality of the theory is proved.
本文研究轴系校中技术,做了如下几方面的工作:
了解轴系组成,分析其所承受的负荷,并对轴系校中的重要性及复杂性进行了初步探索。
对轴系校中计算的常用方法进行研究比较,发现在ANSYS软件支撑下的有限元法在速度、准确度方面都有比较大的优势。
在全面分析影响轴系校中质量诸因素的基础上,选取船体变形这一动态因素为研究对象。然后通过仔细分析船体变形,从轴系校中的定义出发,引出变形耦合理论来实现轴系校中在船舶不同装载情况之间的平衡,并详细阐述了变形耦合的一条可行途径。最后,从轴系合理校中比较常用的三弯矩法、迁移矩阵法和有限元法中选取比较实用的有限元法,对某船型轴系进行校中计算及变形耦合计算,验证了变形耦合理论的合理性。
The quality of shafting alignment is important to the long, stable, normal operation of the ship and shafting system. There are lots of factors that affect the quality of shafting alignment. These factors could be divided into two classes, dynamic and non-dynamic factors. For non-dynamic factors, more attention should be paid to the work of design and operation. The effect of dynamic factors should be studied further.
The importance and complexity of shafting alignment is studied, and then hull deformation, one of the dynamic factors that affect the quality of shafting alignment, is picked to be analyzed and studied.
Those methods that are usually used to calculate shafting reasonable alignment are compared with each other. Among those methods, the Finite Element Method is faster and more accurate.
Hull deformations can be caused by two main factors, waves and different load conditions. To search a best balance between hull deformations that are caused by different load conditions, the theory of "deformation coupling" is proposed. Then through the shafting alignment calculation of some one ship form, the rationality of the theory is proved.
引文
[1]周继良,邹鸿钧.船舶轴系校中原理及其应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1985.
[2]吴刚.船舶轴系合理校中的若干问题[J].船舶工程,1990(2):43-49.
[3]周继良,邹鸿钧.船舶轴系最佳校中问题[J].造船技术,1980(3):1-9.
[4]周瑞平,张升平,杨建国.三弯矩方程的改进及在船舶轴系动态校中中的应用[J].船舶工程,2003(1):40-43.
[5]张洪田,王传傅.船舶轴系合理校中计算的Riccati传递矩阵法[J].船舶工程,1992(1):26-31.
[6]魏海军,满一新,童晨涛.船舶轴系校中传递矩阵法及软件实现[J].大连海事大学学报,1997(3):46-50.
[7]魏海军,王宏志.船舶轴系校中多支承问题的研究[J].船舶力学,2001(1):49-54.
[8]耿厚才.船舶轴系动态校中计算[J].中国造船,2006(3):51-56.
[9]王金娥.基于ANSYS的船舶轴系校中优化计算[J].武汉船舶职业技术学院学报,2006(1):14-16.
[10]杨勇,刘玉君,邓燕萍.ANSYS在船舶轴系校中上的应用[J].造船技术2006(1):24-46.
[11]徐立华,黄政.船舶轴系动态校中初探[J].造船技术,2002(5):11-29.
[12]游加慰.轴系校中计算动态因素的研究[J].武汉造船,1998(2):28-31.
[13]胡小红.船舶轴系动态校中问题[J].造船技术,1985(7):19-46.
[14]DLY.Trouble free shaft alignment[M].2003
[15]ABS.Shaft Alignment Analysis Training Notes[G].2002.
[16]邹义,周凯峰.船舶推进轴系校中三弯矩计算法的理论探讨[J].机电设备,2008(5):11-17.
[17]程国瑞.船舶动力装置原理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[18]马希农.船舶轴系校中质量问题分析与对策[J].世界海运,2006(2):14-15.
[19]王贤峰,周继良,曾庆健.螺旋桨水动力对轴系校中影响的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),1994(1):105-110.
[20]陆金铭.船舶动力装置设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
[21]Lech Murawski.Shaft line alignment analysis taking ship construction flexibility and deformations into consideration[J].Marine Structures.2005(18):62-84.
[22]K.H.Low,S.H.Lim.Propulsion shaft alignment method and analysis for surface crafts.Advances in Engineering Software.2004,35:45-48.
[23]王西丁,钟涛,武玉增.船体变形对轴系校中的影响与分析[J].上海造船,2005(2):61-63.
[24]朱昀炤,汪顺亭,缪玲娟,葛远声.船体变形测量技术综述[J].船舶工程,2007(6):58-61.
[25]邢静忠.ANSYS应用实例与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[26]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[2]吴刚.船舶轴系合理校中的若干问题[J].船舶工程,1990(2):43-49.
[3]周继良,邹鸿钧.船舶轴系最佳校中问题[J].造船技术,1980(3):1-9.
[4]周瑞平,张升平,杨建国.三弯矩方程的改进及在船舶轴系动态校中中的应用[J].船舶工程,2003(1):40-43.
[5]张洪田,王传傅.船舶轴系合理校中计算的Riccati传递矩阵法[J].船舶工程,1992(1):26-31.
[6]魏海军,满一新,童晨涛.船舶轴系校中传递矩阵法及软件实现[J].大连海事大学学报,1997(3):46-50.
[7]魏海军,王宏志.船舶轴系校中多支承问题的研究[J].船舶力学,2001(1):49-54.
[8]耿厚才.船舶轴系动态校中计算[J].中国造船,2006(3):51-56.
[9]王金娥.基于ANSYS的船舶轴系校中优化计算[J].武汉船舶职业技术学院学报,2006(1):14-16.
[10]杨勇,刘玉君,邓燕萍.ANSYS在船舶轴系校中上的应用[J].造船技术2006(1):24-46.
[11]徐立华,黄政.船舶轴系动态校中初探[J].造船技术,2002(5):11-29.
[12]游加慰.轴系校中计算动态因素的研究[J].武汉造船,1998(2):28-31.
[13]胡小红.船舶轴系动态校中问题[J].造船技术,1985(7):19-46.
[14]DLY.Trouble free shaft alignment[M].2003
[15]ABS.Shaft Alignment Analysis Training Notes[G].2002.
[16]邹义,周凯峰.船舶推进轴系校中三弯矩计算法的理论探讨[J].机电设备,2008(5):11-17.
[17]程国瑞.船舶动力装置原理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[18]马希农.船舶轴系校中质量问题分析与对策[J].世界海运,2006(2):14-15.
[19]王贤峰,周继良,曾庆健.螺旋桨水动力对轴系校中影响的研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),1994(1):105-110.
[20]陆金铭.船舶动力装置设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
[21]Lech Murawski.Shaft line alignment analysis taking ship construction flexibility and deformations into consideration[J].Marine Structures.2005(18):62-84.
[22]K.H.Low,S.H.Lim.Propulsion shaft alignment method and analysis for surface crafts.Advances in Engineering Software.2004,35:45-48.
[23]王西丁,钟涛,武玉增.船体变形对轴系校中的影响与分析[J].上海造船,2005(2):61-63.
[24]朱昀炤,汪顺亭,缪玲娟,葛远声.船体变形测量技术综述[J].船舶工程,2007(6):58-61.
[25]邢静忠.ANSYS应用实例与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[26]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
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