煤、气、油在铀成矿过程中作用的实验模拟
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摘要
煤、气、油和铀矿等多种能源矿产在沉积盆地内共存富集、成藏成矿现象普遍存在,它反映了沉积环境中有机质演化和铀等金属元素迁移、聚集成矿的地球化学过程和相互作用的结果。铀成矿与有机质的关系从化学角度看,主要有两种作用:配位作用和还原作用。煤中的腐殖酸,可以与铀通过配位作用形成配合物沉积或迁移;天然气和石油等有机烃类可以通过还原作用将高价态的铀还原成低价铀沉积成矿。在实验室条件下,我们设计了一系列的实验来模拟有机质与铀的反应。从实验模拟、测试分析和化学机理等方面进行系统的研究,可以为多种能源同盆共存的研究提供可借鉴的思想、理论和实例,具有重要的科学意义。
本文分别选取芳香有机酸来替代煤中的腐殖酸,采自鄂尔多斯盆地的天然气和石油以及不同的石油馏分为反应物,分别与铀酰离子进行成矿作用的模拟实验,证明了煤、气、油在铀成矿过程中的重要作用。
1.利用芳香有机酸来代替煤中的腐殖酸,与铀酰离子进行水热反应,模拟腐殖酸在铀成矿过程中的配位作用,得到了二十多种有机酸铀酰配合物,对它们进行了元素和红外测试分析,并对其中五种铀酰配合物进行了X-射线单晶结构的测定。
2.在低温实验条件下,将采自鄂尔多斯盆地的天然气通入到含有铀酰离子的溶液中进行还原反应,模拟天然气在铀成矿过程中所起的还原作用。将得到的产物进行了X-射线粉末衍射测试及扫描电镜分析,得到的反应产物的主要成分为UO_2。
3.在水热条件下(加入铀矿石及伴生元素,模拟鄂尔多斯盆地的实际地质环境),选取石油馏分及采自鄂尔多斯盆地不同地区的石油分别与铀酰离子进行反应,从而模拟石油在铀成矿过程中所起的还原作用,将得到的产物进行了X-射线粉末衍射测试,产物的主要成分为处于混合价态的U_3O_8、U_4O_9和U_3O_7等铀氧化物。
It is familiar that coal, natural gas, petroleum and uranium can coexist, enrich and deposit in the same sedimentary basin, which reflects the evolvement of organic matter, the geochemical evolution of uranium (e.g. transfer, enrichment and deposit) and the result of interaction in sedimentary environment. From the chemical point of view, the relationship between the uranium deposit and organic matter are coordination and reduction. The humic acids in coal could coordinate to uranium and form complexes to deposit and transfer, the high valence uranium could be reduced to the low valence uranium, which deposits to mine, by the hydrocarbons of petroleum and natural gas. In laboratory conditions, a series of experiments were designed to simulate the reaction of organic matter with uranium. Thus, investigating the reaction mechanism by experiment simulation, test analysis and chemical mechanism not only provides the useful thought, theory and example for the research on multi-energy resources minerals in one basin, but also has the important scientific significance.
Some aromatic organic acids which represent humic acids in coal, the natural gas, petroleum collected from the Ordos basin and petroleum distillate reacted with UO_2~(2+) to simulate the process of uranium mineralization. The experimentals prove the important function of coal, natural gas and petroleum in the process of uranium mineralization.
1. Some aromatic organic acids were used to represent humic acid in coal, which reacted with uranyl ion via the hydrothermal condition to simulate its coordination role. More than 20 kinds of uranyl complexes were gained and five complexes' crystal structures were determined by x-ray diffractometer.
2. In the low temperature, the natural gas reacted with uranyl solution. The main product was UO_2 which was tested by x-ray powder difrractometer.
3. The petroleum and petroleum distillate were used to react with uranyl ion. The products were tested by x-ray powder diffractometer. The main products are U_3O_8, U_4O_9 and U_3O_7 in mixed valence.
本文分别选取芳香有机酸来替代煤中的腐殖酸,采自鄂尔多斯盆地的天然气和石油以及不同的石油馏分为反应物,分别与铀酰离子进行成矿作用的模拟实验,证明了煤、气、油在铀成矿过程中的重要作用。
1.利用芳香有机酸来代替煤中的腐殖酸,与铀酰离子进行水热反应,模拟腐殖酸在铀成矿过程中的配位作用,得到了二十多种有机酸铀酰配合物,对它们进行了元素和红外测试分析,并对其中五种铀酰配合物进行了X-射线单晶结构的测定。
2.在低温实验条件下,将采自鄂尔多斯盆地的天然气通入到含有铀酰离子的溶液中进行还原反应,模拟天然气在铀成矿过程中所起的还原作用。将得到的产物进行了X-射线粉末衍射测试及扫描电镜分析,得到的反应产物的主要成分为UO_2。
3.在水热条件下(加入铀矿石及伴生元素,模拟鄂尔多斯盆地的实际地质环境),选取石油馏分及采自鄂尔多斯盆地不同地区的石油分别与铀酰离子进行反应,从而模拟石油在铀成矿过程中所起的还原作用,将得到的产物进行了X-射线粉末衍射测试,产物的主要成分为处于混合价态的U_3O_8、U_4O_9和U_3O_7等铀氧化物。
It is familiar that coal, natural gas, petroleum and uranium can coexist, enrich and deposit in the same sedimentary basin, which reflects the evolvement of organic matter, the geochemical evolution of uranium (e.g. transfer, enrichment and deposit) and the result of interaction in sedimentary environment. From the chemical point of view, the relationship between the uranium deposit and organic matter are coordination and reduction. The humic acids in coal could coordinate to uranium and form complexes to deposit and transfer, the high valence uranium could be reduced to the low valence uranium, which deposits to mine, by the hydrocarbons of petroleum and natural gas. In laboratory conditions, a series of experiments were designed to simulate the reaction of organic matter with uranium. Thus, investigating the reaction mechanism by experiment simulation, test analysis and chemical mechanism not only provides the useful thought, theory and example for the research on multi-energy resources minerals in one basin, but also has the important scientific significance.
Some aromatic organic acids which represent humic acids in coal, the natural gas, petroleum collected from the Ordos basin and petroleum distillate reacted with UO_2~(2+) to simulate the process of uranium mineralization. The experimentals prove the important function of coal, natural gas and petroleum in the process of uranium mineralization.
1. Some aromatic organic acids were used to represent humic acid in coal, which reacted with uranyl ion via the hydrothermal condition to simulate its coordination role. More than 20 kinds of uranyl complexes were gained and five complexes' crystal structures were determined by x-ray diffractometer.
2. In the low temperature, the natural gas reacted with uranyl solution. The main product was UO_2 which was tested by x-ray powder difrractometer.
3. The petroleum and petroleum distillate were used to react with uranyl ion. The products were tested by x-ray powder diffractometer. The main products are U_3O_8, U_4O_9 and U_3O_7 in mixed valence.
引文
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