辽河盆地大民屯凹陷中部地区潜山裂缝分布规律方法研究及应用
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摘要
本文以辽河盆地大民屯凹陷太古界变质岩裂缝性储层为研究对象，从技术研究的角度出发，首次探索了利用钻井取芯、测井和地震资料综合预测潜山裂缝发育的方法。利用岩芯标定测井资料，研究了裂缝性储层的测井响应，进而借助于地震相干体技术、三维可视化、地震多属性参数、地球物理特征曲线重构、测井约束地震反演和测井特征曲线反演等多项技术开展了全三维地震构造精细解释和潜山裂缝性储层横向预测研究，形成了多属性、多参数综合预测变质岩裂缝性储层的方法。在以上工作的基础上，进行了圈闭评价和井位部署，并在实际钻探中获得了重大突破。
1、在裂缝储集层中，油气储集、渗滤的空间、通道以构造裂缝为主。构造裂缝的形成和分布与局部构造作用(断层、褶皱作用)有关。区域裂缝与构造裂缝叠加形成的裂缝系统，有助于油气的储集和渗滤。
2、辽河大民屯中部地区主要储集岩是太古界的区域变质岩和混合岩类，尤以裂缝发育和经过碎裂化的刚性变质岩类的储集性能最佳。变质岩储集空间以构造和物理风化成因的裂缝为主，结晶成因的储集空间次之，这些孔、缝经过化学淋溶作用不同程度的改造，更有利于油气的储集。影响裂缝发育的主要因素是构造、物理风化和化学淋溶作用。裂缝发育—碎裂化强烈的储集岩主要分布在断裂带及其附近，即构造断裂带控制着变质岩储层的形成发育和分布。提出了低潜山裂缝发育带也是有利的勘探目标。
3、运用有限元方法模拟计算不同角度裂缝的双侧向电阻率测井响应。主要利用测井系列中的孔隙度测井及双侧向测井在钻井剖面上识别裂缝发育段。当有基岩断裂在井削面上通过时，若补偿中子增大与地层密度变小同步发生，双侧向测井电阻率有明显变低并有正差异出现，则可以判别为裂缝发育带；当补偿中子增大，地层密度变小及双侧向幅度变小都不太明显时，则可以利用井剖面中频繁出现的侵入岩脉来确定裂缝发育段。
4、探索性地研究了全三维构造解释、潜山裂缝预测的技术及原理。首次利用地震相干数据体技术、地震反演技术进行变质岩裂缝性储层的预测，并形成了配套的技术系列，为今后该领域的研究提供了有益的技术思路和手段。
5、通过研究工作形成了多属性、多参数综合预测变质岩裂缝性储层的方法，该方法在辽河大民屯坳陷中部地区试用后取得了良好的钻探效果，新发现了胜20南、胜20东、胜21北和安40西4个断块圈闭，总面积约15km~2，具体评价了安40西等4个断块，建议部署4口探井，批准并实施3口，其中两口井获得工业油流。
Focused on Archaean fractured reservoir of metamorphic rock in the Damintun depression of Liaohe basin, by the newly studied methods, the author predicts fractures in buried hills by drilling, coring, well logging and seismic data intergrately. Firstly, well logging responses of fractured reservoir have been worked out by using rock core to calibrate well logging data. Secondly, with the help of the seismic coherence cube, 3D volume visualization, seismic multi-attribute parameter, the curves of geophysical characteristics restructed, seismic data inversion with well logging restrict, the well curves inversion and so on, much work has been done, such as the full 3D seismic data fine structure interpretation and the studies for predicting the fractured reservoir in buried hills. A technique has been invented to predicting the fractured reservoir of metamorphic rock in buried hills with the integration of the multi-attribute and the multi-parameters. Based on those, the traps are evaluated and the well sites a
re planned, and the important breakthrough has been obtained by drilling.
1 . in fractured reservoir, the spaces and the paths of reserving and percolating for oil and gas are mainly structural fractures. The forming and distribution of the structural fractures are related to the local tectonics (e.g. the rifting and the folding). The fractured system is very advantageous to the reserving and the percolating for oil and gas, which is formed by stacking of the regional fracture and the structural fracture,
2. The mainly reservoirs in the middle of Damintun depression of Liaohe basin are the regional metamorphic rocks and the migmatites, which are more fractured and rigid by the cataclastics. The space of metamorphite is the mainly fractures, which are produced by the tectogenesis and the physical weathering. The space produced by the crystallization is the second. The pores and the fractures, which have been remade by the chemical dissolution, are more favourable for the oil and the gas to store up. The main factors influenced fractures development are the tectogenesis, the physical weathering and the chemical dissolution. The reservoirs, which are more fractured and cataclasm, are mainly distributed in fracture belt or near it. That is, the distribution of metamorphite reservoirs is influenced by the structural fracture belts. It is put forward further more that the fracture belts of lower buried hills are the favourable exploration targets.
3. The response of Dual-laterolog Resistance Log for different angle fractures has been simulately computed by use of the finite element method. The fracture belts in drilling cross section are identified with the porosity logging and the Dual-laterolog method. When basement rock rupture pass through the well cross section, the fracture belts can be identified with some evidences, for example, the compensate neutron increasing and the stratum density diminishing synchronization, the dual-laterolog resistance diminishing greatly and the positive difference between the deep laterolog resistance and the shallow laterolog resistance appearing. When the compensate neutron increase, the stratum density diminishing
and the dual-laterolog resistance value diminishing slightly, the fracture belts can be confirmed with the intrusive vein at high frequency in well cross section.
4. The techniques and the principles of full 3D structural interpreting and the buried hill fracture predicting have been studied exploringly. The reservoir fractures of the metamorphic rock can be predicted using the seismic coherence cube and the seismic inversion technique. The series of techniques are formed. The beneficial technical methods and means in the field are provided for future.
5. The method of predicting the fractured reservoir with the integration of the multi-attribute and multi-parameter is provided through studying. The method has been used in the middle of Damintun depression of Liaohe basin and got well drilling result. The 4 fault-block traps are found recently, such
1、在裂缝储集层中，油气储集、渗滤的空间、通道以构造裂缝为主。构造裂缝的形成和分布与局部构造作用(断层、褶皱作用)有关。区域裂缝与构造裂缝叠加形成的裂缝系统，有助于油气的储集和渗滤。
2、辽河大民屯中部地区主要储集岩是太古界的区域变质岩和混合岩类，尤以裂缝发育和经过碎裂化的刚性变质岩类的储集性能最佳。变质岩储集空间以构造和物理风化成因的裂缝为主，结晶成因的储集空间次之，这些孔、缝经过化学淋溶作用不同程度的改造，更有利于油气的储集。影响裂缝发育的主要因素是构造、物理风化和化学淋溶作用。裂缝发育—碎裂化强烈的储集岩主要分布在断裂带及其附近，即构造断裂带控制着变质岩储层的形成发育和分布。提出了低潜山裂缝发育带也是有利的勘探目标。
3、运用有限元方法模拟计算不同角度裂缝的双侧向电阻率测井响应。主要利用测井系列中的孔隙度测井及双侧向测井在钻井剖面上识别裂缝发育段。当有基岩断裂在井削面上通过时，若补偿中子增大与地层密度变小同步发生，双侧向测井电阻率有明显变低并有正差异出现，则可以判别为裂缝发育带；当补偿中子增大，地层密度变小及双侧向幅度变小都不太明显时，则可以利用井剖面中频繁出现的侵入岩脉来确定裂缝发育段。
4、探索性地研究了全三维构造解释、潜山裂缝预测的技术及原理。首次利用地震相干数据体技术、地震反演技术进行变质岩裂缝性储层的预测，并形成了配套的技术系列，为今后该领域的研究提供了有益的技术思路和手段。
5、通过研究工作形成了多属性、多参数综合预测变质岩裂缝性储层的方法，该方法在辽河大民屯坳陷中部地区试用后取得了良好的钻探效果，新发现了胜20南、胜20东、胜21北和安40西4个断块圈闭，总面积约15km~2，具体评价了安40西等4个断块，建议部署4口探井，批准并实施3口，其中两口井获得工业油流。
Focused on Archaean fractured reservoir of metamorphic rock in the Damintun depression of Liaohe basin, by the newly studied methods, the author predicts fractures in buried hills by drilling, coring, well logging and seismic data intergrately. Firstly, well logging responses of fractured reservoir have been worked out by using rock core to calibrate well logging data. Secondly, with the help of the seismic coherence cube, 3D volume visualization, seismic multi-attribute parameter, the curves of geophysical characteristics restructed, seismic data inversion with well logging restrict, the well curves inversion and so on, much work has been done, such as the full 3D seismic data fine structure interpretation and the studies for predicting the fractured reservoir in buried hills. A technique has been invented to predicting the fractured reservoir of metamorphic rock in buried hills with the integration of the multi-attribute and the multi-parameters. Based on those, the traps are evaluated and the well sites a
re planned, and the important breakthrough has been obtained by drilling.
1 . in fractured reservoir, the spaces and the paths of reserving and percolating for oil and gas are mainly structural fractures. The forming and distribution of the structural fractures are related to the local tectonics (e.g. the rifting and the folding). The fractured system is very advantageous to the reserving and the percolating for oil and gas, which is formed by stacking of the regional fracture and the structural fracture,
2. The mainly reservoirs in the middle of Damintun depression of Liaohe basin are the regional metamorphic rocks and the migmatites, which are more fractured and rigid by the cataclastics. The space of metamorphite is the mainly fractures, which are produced by the tectogenesis and the physical weathering. The space produced by the crystallization is the second. The pores and the fractures, which have been remade by the chemical dissolution, are more favourable for the oil and the gas to store up. The main factors influenced fractures development are the tectogenesis, the physical weathering and the chemical dissolution. The reservoirs, which are more fractured and cataclasm, are mainly distributed in fracture belt or near it. That is, the distribution of metamorphite reservoirs is influenced by the structural fracture belts. It is put forward further more that the fracture belts of lower buried hills are the favourable exploration targets.
3. The response of Dual-laterolog Resistance Log for different angle fractures has been simulately computed by use of the finite element method. The fracture belts in drilling cross section are identified with the porosity logging and the Dual-laterolog method. When basement rock rupture pass through the well cross section, the fracture belts can be identified with some evidences, for example, the compensate neutron increasing and the stratum density diminishing synchronization, the dual-laterolog resistance diminishing greatly and the positive difference between the deep laterolog resistance and the shallow laterolog resistance appearing. When the compensate neutron increase, the stratum density diminishing
and the dual-laterolog resistance value diminishing slightly, the fracture belts can be confirmed with the intrusive vein at high frequency in well cross section.
4. The techniques and the principles of full 3D structural interpreting and the buried hill fracture predicting have been studied exploringly. The reservoir fractures of the metamorphic rock can be predicted using the seismic coherence cube and the seismic inversion technique. The series of techniques are formed. The beneficial technical methods and means in the field are provided for future.
5. The method of predicting the fractured reservoir with the integration of the multi-attribute and multi-parameter is provided through studying. The method has been used in the middle of Damintun depression of Liaohe basin and got well drilling result. The 4 fault-block traps are found recently, such
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