基于FPGA的管道漏磁检测控制系统的研究与设计
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摘要
为了提高现有输油管道漏磁检测系统的检测精度以及扩展系统的适用范围使其适用于天然气输送管道的检测，需要通过减小采样时间间隔和空间间隔的方法以获得更加完备的漏磁场信息，由此产生的海量数据会超出现有系统的处理能力，因此现有系统必须加以改进。
FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array现场可编程门阵列)是近年来广泛应用的超大规模、超高速的可编程逻辑器件，由于其具有高集成度(单片集成的系统门数达上千万门)、高速(200MHz以上)、在系统可编程等优点，为数字系统的设计带来了突破性变革，大大推动了数字系统设计的单片化、自动化，缩短了单片数字系统的设计周期、提高了设计的灵活性和可靠性。在超高速信号处理和实时测控方面有非常广泛的应用。
我们以FPGA作为新型管道漏磁检测器的系统控制核心，对基于FPGA的管道漏磁检测控制系统进行了研究与设计。设计共分为三个单元：多通道采样控制单元、数据处理单元和数据存储控制单元，实现了多通道采样控制、数据压缩、数据的硬盘存储控制等功能。实验证明，基于FPGA的多通道控制单元可以对多个通道进行高速数据采集；数据处理单元正确地实现了提升小波变换和霍夫曼编码；数据存储控制单元可实现2.4MB／s的数据硬盘存储速度。各部分功能完全可以满足设计要求。所有设计均用VHDL编制。
本文在绪论部分介绍了课题的来源和意义以及国内外在管道漏磁检测方向上的研究情况。第二章介绍了FPGA的结构和设计流程。第三章介绍了多通道采样控制器的设计。第四章介绍了提升小波变换和霍夫曼编码以及它们的FPGA实现。第五章介绍了IDE接口及数据的硬盘直接存储的FPGA实现。总结部分对整个论文工作进行了总结。
In order to enhance the measure precision and expand the using area of the existing oil pipeline MFL(Magnetic Flux Leakage) detecting system to natural gas pipeline testing, detailed information of flux obtained by decreasing sampling time and space interval is needed. The huge amount of data produced by this will exceed the processing ability. So existing systems must be improved.
FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array) is super large-scale, ultrafast programmable logic device that use extensively in recent years, Because it has merit of high integrated level( the single chip of system gate number integrated reaches up to ten million gates), the high speed( 200 MHzs and more than), programmable in system etc, has brought the breakthrough change for the digital system design, greatly drived the single chip and automation of the digital system design, has shortenned single digital system design cycle, improved design flexibility and dependability. In the ultrafast signal progress and in measure and control in real time has very extensive application.
We regard FPGA as control's core of new-type pipeline magnetic flux leakage detecting system, research and design control's core of pipeline magnetic flux leakage detecting system based on FPGA. Design divided into three units : multi channel sampling control unit, data processing unit and data store control unit. Have realized that the multi channel sampling control, data compression, data store control function in hard disk. The experiment substantiated, multi channel sampling control unit on FPGA can high speed sample data to a lot of channel; The data processing unit has realized correctly lifting wave transform and hoflrnan coding; The data store control unit can realize 2.4MB/s store speed to hard disk. Every part of function can satisfy the designing requirement. All designs are programmed with VHDL.
At the exordium, this paper introduces the task's origin and significance and introduces the research situation on pipeline MFL at home and at abroad. The second chapter explains the structure of FPGA and design flow. The third chapter introduces design of multi channel
sampling controller. The fourth chapter introduces lifting wave transform and hoffinan coding and their FPGA realize. The fifth chapter introduces IDE interface and data stores directly to disk hard realizes on FPGA. The conclusion part summarizes the whole work of the paper.
FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array现场可编程门阵列)是近年来广泛应用的超大规模、超高速的可编程逻辑器件，由于其具有高集成度(单片集成的系统门数达上千万门)、高速(200MHz以上)、在系统可编程等优点，为数字系统的设计带来了突破性变革，大大推动了数字系统设计的单片化、自动化，缩短了单片数字系统的设计周期、提高了设计的灵活性和可靠性。在超高速信号处理和实时测控方面有非常广泛的应用。
我们以FPGA作为新型管道漏磁检测器的系统控制核心，对基于FPGA的管道漏磁检测控制系统进行了研究与设计。设计共分为三个单元：多通道采样控制单元、数据处理单元和数据存储控制单元，实现了多通道采样控制、数据压缩、数据的硬盘存储控制等功能。实验证明，基于FPGA的多通道控制单元可以对多个通道进行高速数据采集；数据处理单元正确地实现了提升小波变换和霍夫曼编码；数据存储控制单元可实现2.4MB／s的数据硬盘存储速度。各部分功能完全可以满足设计要求。所有设计均用VHDL编制。
本文在绪论部分介绍了课题的来源和意义以及国内外在管道漏磁检测方向上的研究情况。第二章介绍了FPGA的结构和设计流程。第三章介绍了多通道采样控制器的设计。第四章介绍了提升小波变换和霍夫曼编码以及它们的FPGA实现。第五章介绍了IDE接口及数据的硬盘直接存储的FPGA实现。总结部分对整个论文工作进行了总结。
In order to enhance the measure precision and expand the using area of the existing oil pipeline MFL(Magnetic Flux Leakage) detecting system to natural gas pipeline testing, detailed information of flux obtained by decreasing sampling time and space interval is needed. The huge amount of data produced by this will exceed the processing ability. So existing systems must be improved.
FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array) is super large-scale, ultrafast programmable logic device that use extensively in recent years, Because it has merit of high integrated level( the single chip of system gate number integrated reaches up to ten million gates), the high speed( 200 MHzs and more than), programmable in system etc, has brought the breakthrough change for the digital system design, greatly drived the single chip and automation of the digital system design, has shortenned single digital system design cycle, improved design flexibility and dependability. In the ultrafast signal progress and in measure and control in real time has very extensive application.
We regard FPGA as control's core of new-type pipeline magnetic flux leakage detecting system, research and design control's core of pipeline magnetic flux leakage detecting system based on FPGA. Design divided into three units : multi channel sampling control unit, data processing unit and data store control unit. Have realized that the multi channel sampling control, data compression, data store control function in hard disk. The experiment substantiated, multi channel sampling control unit on FPGA can high speed sample data to a lot of channel; The data processing unit has realized correctly lifting wave transform and hoflrnan coding; The data store control unit can realize 2.4MB/s store speed to hard disk. Every part of function can satisfy the designing requirement. All designs are programmed with VHDL.
At the exordium, this paper introduces the task's origin and significance and introduces the research situation on pipeline MFL at home and at abroad. The second chapter explains the structure of FPGA and design flow. The third chapter introduces design of multi channel
sampling controller. The fourth chapter introduces lifting wave transform and hoffinan coding and their FPGA realize. The fifth chapter introduces IDE interface and data stores directly to disk hard realizes on FPGA. The conclusion part summarizes the whole work of the paper.
引文
[1] 潘家华．普及和发展我国管道内检测技术．油气储运．1996，15(3)：1～4
[2] 高福庆．管道检测的必要性．管道技术与设备．1998(1)： 40～42
[3] Asano M, Matsuoka T, Okamoto H, et al. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 1995, 2955
[4] ．王镛根，张西锋．长输管线泄漏检测方法综述，信息与控制，1993，22(2)，105～107
[5] 余浩然，吴斌，陈丽萍．漏磁通法油气管道在役检测技术，实用测试技术，1997，第五期，1～9
[6] 杨理践等．智能化管道漏磁检测装置的研究．无损检测，2002，24(3)：100-102．
[7] C to FPGA Software-Compiled System Design http://www.celoxica.com/methodology/c2fpga.asp
[8] W.Tham, S.Wooley. The detection and segmentation of pipeline inspection features for diagnostically lossless data compression IST/SPIE Electronic Imaging 2001 21-26 January 2001, San Jose, California, USA
[9] Mandayam S,Udpa L,Udpa SS,et al.Invariance transformations for magnetic flux leakage signals.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1996,32(3): 1577-1580.
[10] 何辅云，王宝，何箭 地下油气输送管道漏磁高速在线检测技术及装置 无损检测 2002．10 Vol．24 No．10
[11] 白港生，王瑞利，黄凯φ660气管道漏磁腐蚀检测器在陕京线的应用 管道技术与设备 2003．3 26～27
[12] 李明忠，丁克勤，张有忱 表面裂纹宽度对漏磁场的影响分析 无损探伤，2003．2 Vol．27 No．1 12～14
[13] 表面裂纹宽度对漏磁场Y分量的影响 李路明，郑鹏，黄松岭，张家骏 清华大学学报(自然科学版)1999，Vol．39，No．2 43～45
[14] 蒋奇，王太勇 钢管漏磁检测信号的时频分析 机电设备 2002．2 16～20
[15] 杨理践 马凤铭 张华良 高精度管道漏磁在线检测系统的研究 苏州：第八届全国无损检测大会论文集 2003．9
[16] 张亮．数字电路设计与VerilogHDL．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000．
[17] 张宝元 片上系统集成(SOC)时代的到来，微电子技术，2000．10，Vol．28，No．5，13～17
[18] 徐志军．CPLD/FPGA的开发与应用，电子工业出版社，2002
[19] XILINX公司产品数据手册Spartan-Ⅱ 2．5V FPGA．Http：//www．xilinx．com
[20] XILINX公司产品数据手册ISE Foundation．Http：//www．xilinx．com
[21] 胡振华 VHDL与FPGA设计 北京：中国铁道出版社，2003，3页
[22] 北京理工大学 ASIC研究所VHDL语言100例详解 北京：清华大学出版社，1999年
[23] 谢志迅 利用FPGA实现的可编程综合采样器 测控技术 2001．8 Vol．20 No．8 46～48
[24] Maxim公司产品数据手册MAX191．Http://www.maxim-ic.com
[25] USB100数据手册ver1．2 USB100/130驱动程序 http：//www．freqchina.com/
[26] 黄贤武．数字图像处理与压缩编码技术，电子科技大学出版社，2000
[27] 冯海英．管道漏磁检测中实时数据压缩技术的研究，硕士学位论文，沈阳工业大学，2002
[28] 张华良．管道漏磁检测数据压缩技术的研究，硕士学位论文，沈阳工业大学，2003
[29] W. Sweldens, "The lifting scheme: construction of second generation wavelets," SIAM J.Math. Anal., vol. 29, no. 2, pp 511-546, 1997.
[30] Daubechies I, Sweldens W, Factoring wavelet transforms into lifting steps[J] . J Fourier Anal Appl, 1998,4(3):247-269.
[31] 杨福生．小波变换的工程分析与应用，科学出版社，1999．
[32] 彭玉华，小波分析与工程应用，科学出版社，2000．
[33] W. Sweldens, "The lifting scheme: a custom-design construction of biorthogonal wavelets," Appl. Comput. Harmonic. Analysis, vol. 3, no. 2, pp 186-200, 1996.
[34] A.R. Calderbank, I. Daubechies, W. Sweldens, and B.-L. Yeo, "Wavelet transforms that map integers to integers," Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 332-369, July 1998.
[35] Jerry D．Gibson，多媒体数字压缩原理与标准，电子工业出版社，2000
[36] 徐小玲 IDE接口硬盘读写技术 电子科技大学学报 2002．12 Vol．31 No．6 636～641
[37] SCOTT MUELLER PC硬件金典，北京：电子工业出版社，2001．1
[38] 张载鸿．微机接口技术教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
[39] 曹国钧，硬盘实用指南，上海科学普及出版社出版，1997
[40] AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4) http//www.ataatapi.com
[41] WinHex 软件 http//www.winhex.de
[2] 高福庆．管道检测的必要性．管道技术与设备．1998(1)： 40～42
[3] Asano M, Matsuoka T, Okamoto H, et al. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 1995, 2955
[4] ．王镛根，张西锋．长输管线泄漏检测方法综述，信息与控制，1993，22(2)，105～107
[5] 余浩然，吴斌，陈丽萍．漏磁通法油气管道在役检测技术，实用测试技术，1997，第五期，1～9
[6] 杨理践等．智能化管道漏磁检测装置的研究．无损检测，2002，24(3)：100-102．
[7] C to FPGA Software-Compiled System Design http://www.celoxica.com/methodology/c2fpga.asp
[8] W.Tham, S.Wooley. The detection and segmentation of pipeline inspection features for diagnostically lossless data compression IST/SPIE Electronic Imaging 2001 21-26 January 2001, San Jose, California, USA
[9] Mandayam S,Udpa L,Udpa SS,et al.Invariance transformations for magnetic flux leakage signals.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1996,32(3): 1577-1580.
[10] 何辅云，王宝，何箭 地下油气输送管道漏磁高速在线检测技术及装置 无损检测 2002．10 Vol．24 No．10
[11] 白港生，王瑞利，黄凯φ660气管道漏磁腐蚀检测器在陕京线的应用 管道技术与设备 2003．3 26～27
[12] 李明忠，丁克勤，张有忱 表面裂纹宽度对漏磁场的影响分析 无损探伤，2003．2 Vol．27 No．1 12～14
[13] 表面裂纹宽度对漏磁场Y分量的影响 李路明，郑鹏，黄松岭，张家骏 清华大学学报(自然科学版)1999，Vol．39，No．2 43～45
[14] 蒋奇，王太勇 钢管漏磁检测信号的时频分析 机电设备 2002．2 16～20
[15] 杨理践 马凤铭 张华良 高精度管道漏磁在线检测系统的研究 苏州：第八届全国无损检测大会论文集 2003．9
[16] 张亮．数字电路设计与VerilogHDL．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000．
[17] 张宝元 片上系统集成(SOC)时代的到来，微电子技术，2000．10，Vol．28，No．5，13～17
[18] 徐志军．CPLD/FPGA的开发与应用，电子工业出版社，2002
[19] XILINX公司产品数据手册Spartan-Ⅱ 2．5V FPGA．Http：//www．xilinx．com
[20] XILINX公司产品数据手册ISE Foundation．Http：//www．xilinx．com
[21] 胡振华 VHDL与FPGA设计 北京：中国铁道出版社，2003，3页
[22] 北京理工大学 ASIC研究所VHDL语言100例详解 北京：清华大学出版社，1999年
[23] 谢志迅 利用FPGA实现的可编程综合采样器 测控技术 2001．8 Vol．20 No．8 46～48
[24] Maxim公司产品数据手册MAX191．Http://www.maxim-ic.com
[25] USB100数据手册ver1．2 USB100/130驱动程序 http：//www．freqchina.com/
[26] 黄贤武．数字图像处理与压缩编码技术，电子科技大学出版社，2000
[27] 冯海英．管道漏磁检测中实时数据压缩技术的研究，硕士学位论文，沈阳工业大学，2002
[28] 张华良．管道漏磁检测数据压缩技术的研究，硕士学位论文，沈阳工业大学，2003
[29] W. Sweldens, "The lifting scheme: construction of second generation wavelets," SIAM J.Math. Anal., vol. 29, no. 2, pp 511-546, 1997.
[30] Daubechies I, Sweldens W, Factoring wavelet transforms into lifting steps[J] . J Fourier Anal Appl, 1998,4(3):247-269.
[31] 杨福生．小波变换的工程分析与应用，科学出版社，1999．
[32] 彭玉华，小波分析与工程应用，科学出版社，2000．
[33] W. Sweldens, "The lifting scheme: a custom-design construction of biorthogonal wavelets," Appl. Comput. Harmonic. Analysis, vol. 3, no. 2, pp 186-200, 1996.
[34] A.R. Calderbank, I. Daubechies, W. Sweldens, and B.-L. Yeo, "Wavelet transforms that map integers to integers," Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 332-369, July 1998.
[35] Jerry D．Gibson，多媒体数字压缩原理与标准，电子工业出版社，2000
[36] 徐小玲 IDE接口硬盘读写技术 电子科技大学学报 2002．12 Vol．31 No．6 636～641
[37] SCOTT MUELLER PC硬件金典，北京：电子工业出版社，2001．1
[38] 张载鸿．微机接口技术教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
[39] 曹国钧，硬盘实用指南，上海科学普及出版社出版，1997
[40] AT Attachment with Packet Interface Extension (ATA/ATAPI-4) http//www.ataatapi.com
[41] WinHex 软件 http//www.winhex.de