松辽盆地十屋油田营城组沉积微相研究和有利储集相带预测
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摘要
通过对研究区58口单井层序地层进行划分,并结合地震等手段,根据层序的持续年龄,将十屋油田营城组(包括沙Ⅰ砂组)划分为5个三级层序。在对野外31口井的岩心精细描述、大量岩石薄片观察研究的基础上,将十屋油田营城组的沉积相划分为4类大相、5种亚相以及14种微相,再结合含砂率图、砂体累积厚度图以及三维地震属性切片确定营城组(包括沙Ⅰ砂组)5个砂组优势沉积微相,展示优势沉积微相的平面分布特征。分析研究区的砂地比分布特征和粒度分布特征,并统计研究区的岩石类型,确定研究区营城组发育的沉积体系有:北部(扇)三角洲沉积体系、东部扇三角洲沉积体系、南部扇三角洲沉积体系、西南三角洲沉积体系、西北三角洲沉积体系、水下扇具有混合物源特征。小宽断层对于沉积相和沉积体系的分布起到了改造的作用。对营Ⅲ砂组和营Ⅴ(沙Ⅰ)砂组进行小层划分和对比,在此基础上,分析了主力油层的沉积微相与沉积体系的分布规律。通过对研究区营城组进行油气显示和有油气显示的砂体厚度统计,得出有利的储集相带是三角洲,其次是水下扇和扇三角洲,冲积扇最差。最有利的储集岩是三角洲前缘的河口坝和水下河道砂岩、水下扇砂岩、扇三角洲前缘的河口坝砂岩,其中三角洲前缘的河口坝和水下河道砂岩最具有优势。
Shi Wu has become one of the most important oil fields after years of exploration in Songliao basin. With deepgoing of the exploration, many basic geological problems become very prominent, which affect the production and sustainable development of the oil field. The types of the microfacies and source areas of the depositional system are complex, which involves comparison of the thin layers. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the microfacies and their distribution, depositional system type of each sandset and the distribution of depositional systems, then to find the accurate correlation of the thin layers, in order to achieve favorable exploration belts and targets.
1. Method of the Research
There are excellent well logging and core data to identify sedimentary facies, subfacies and microfacies in this area.For each sequence (sandset), statistics of the thickness of sandstone and mudstone, stratal thickness and sand content rate are used for mappings, to cycle the distributional area of mudstone and sandstone. Combining with the analysis of seismic attribute slices, the preponderant microfacies are defined to realize their distribution and go to a step further to unveil the spatial and temporal distribution of the sedimentary facies. The character of sand content rate and particle size distribution are analyzed and types of rock are counted to define the distribution of the deposition systems. In the framework of sequence stratigraphy, the oil layers (thin layers of sand) are contrast accurately. On the basis of the research, some thickness statistics of the sandstone show ing hydrocarbon in the study wells are gathered for the purpose of the facies belt which match with favorable reservoir well.
2. Sequence Stratigraphical Division
Five sand members of YingCheng Formation in Shiwu oilfield (YingⅤis considered to be ShaⅠ) can be equivalent to a certain level of stratigraphical unit. According to the chron duration, YingCheng formation in ShiWu oil-field is divided into four third-order sequences, corresponding to the sand member, and the YingⅤ(ShaⅠ) is considered to be another third-order sequence. There are five maximum flooding surfaces, developing between the transgressive system tracts and the highstand system tracts in these five third-order sequences. The larger scale of lake-floodings in Yingcheng formation occured in YingⅢand YingⅣ.The maximum flooding developed during the development of YingⅣ.
3. Research on Sedimentary Microfacies
Four sedimentary facies can be identified in Yingcheng formation (including ShaⅠ),which are alluvial fan,fan delta, delta and lacustrine facies. Alluvial fan developed in YingⅤ(ShaⅠ), middle - distal fan ( subfacies) and three microfacies such as debris flow,braided channel and sheet flow are recognized.Delta( fan delta) developed in the whole Yingcheng formation (including ShaⅠ), including delta (fan delta) front (subfacies) and eight microfacies such as subaqueous channel, subaqueous gravity channel (existing in fan delta), mouth bar, gravity mouth bar (in fan delta), sand sheet, distal bar, inter-lobe and interdistributary. Lacustrine facies developed throughout the whole Yingcheng formation (including ShaⅠ), including lake and semi-deep-lake (subfacies) and three microfacies such as mud of still water,turbidity current and subaqueous fan are identified.These fourteen types of sedimentary microfacies have their corresponding response logging curves.The amplitude attribute can be applied in the recognition of the sedimentary facies.There are four amplitude types of the sand members of Yingcheng formation in Shiwu fault depression,which are the high amplitude seismic facies, high-media amplitude seismic facies, media-poor amplitude seismic facies and poor amplitude seismic facies. High-amplitude seismic facies is explained as the braided channel,mouth bar of short axis delta or alluvial fan. High-media amplitude seismic facies corresponds to the braided channel, mouth bar of long axis delta or subaqueous fan. Media-poor amplitude seismic facies are on behalf of the interdistributary- sand sheet or subaqueous fans.The mud of still water-turbidity current has poor amplitude.
4.Distribution of the Preponderant Sedimentary Microfacies
The preponderant facies are channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan and mud of still water-turbidity in Ying V(ShaⅠ). There are subaqueous fans in the north, east and south and deltas in the northwest and southwest.On southeast side of Xiaokuan fault, there is subaqueous fan sand. Mud of still water-turbidity facies covers the rest of the study area.
The preponderant facies are distributary channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan, interdistributary-sand sheet and mud still water–turbidity in Ying IV. The prograded deltas are in the northwest and southwest, and the prograded fan deltas are in the north, east and south. Interdistributary-sand sheet occupies most of the study area. Mud still water -turbidity distributes in the center of the lake.
The preponderant facies are distributary channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan, interdistributary-sand sheet and mudstone of still water- turbidity in Ying III. There are four deltas or fan deltas in the north,west,south and southwest.The interdistributary -sand sheet is between the northern delta and fan delta in the east (including two lobes of delta in the north). There are three subaqueous fans in the center, and the left large area is mudstone of still water-turbidity facies zone.
The preponderant facies are distributary channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan, interdistributary-sand sheet and mudstone of still water-turbidity in Ying II. Fan deltas develop in the east and south, and deltas develop in the north and southwest. Interdistributary-sand sheet distributes mainly around the north delta. Most of the region is covered by mudstone of still water-turbidity. There is a subaqueous fan in the northeast.
The preponderant facies are distributary channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan, interdistributary-sand sheet and mudstone of still water-turbidity inYing I. There are fan deltas in the north, east and south, and deltas in the southwest. The interdistributary -sand sheet distributes in the main area of northwest.There are different sizes of subaqueous fans in the central area.
5. Types and distribution of depositional systems
Based on the lithological analysis of the Yingcheng Formation (including ShaⅠ), five different types of lithological area can be delineated, which are the volcanic area, recycle clastic area, clastic area affected by granite rock, mixed area and carbonate area.The depositional systems are as follows: the northern fan delta or delta system with volcanic source,the eastern fan delta system with recycle clastic source,the southern fan delta system with volcanic and granite source,the southwest delta system with the granite source,the northwest delta system with recycle clastic source and mixed source. The distribution of the sedimentary facies and systems was reconstructed by the Xiaokuan fault in the study area.
6.The Prediction of Favorable Reservoir Facies Belt
The statistical result shows that the first-class facies for reservoir is the delta, which is followed by the subaqueous fan and fan delta, the worst is the alluvial fan. The optimal reservoir rock are mouth-bar sand and distributary channel sand of delta front, subaqueous fan sand and mouth-bar sand of fan delta front, among which the mouth-bar and distributary channel of delta are the most favorable reservoir sands.
Shi Wu has become one of the most important oil fields after years of exploration in Songliao basin. With deepgoing of the exploration, many basic geological problems become very prominent, which affect the production and sustainable development of the oil field. The types of the microfacies and source areas of the depositional system are complex, which involves comparison of the thin layers. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the microfacies and their distribution, depositional system type of each sandset and the distribution of depositional systems, then to find the accurate correlation of the thin layers, in order to achieve favorable exploration belts and targets.
1. Method of the Research
There are excellent well logging and core data to identify sedimentary facies, subfacies and microfacies in this area.For each sequence (sandset), statistics of the thickness of sandstone and mudstone, stratal thickness and sand content rate are used for mappings, to cycle the distributional area of mudstone and sandstone. Combining with the analysis of seismic attribute slices, the preponderant microfacies are defined to realize their distribution and go to a step further to unveil the spatial and temporal distribution of the sedimentary facies. The character of sand content rate and particle size distribution are analyzed and types of rock are counted to define the distribution of the deposition systems. In the framework of sequence stratigraphy, the oil layers (thin layers of sand) are contrast accurately. On the basis of the research, some thickness statistics of the sandstone show ing hydrocarbon in the study wells are gathered for the purpose of the facies belt which match with favorable reservoir well.
2. Sequence Stratigraphical Division
Five sand members of YingCheng Formation in Shiwu oilfield (YingⅤis considered to be ShaⅠ) can be equivalent to a certain level of stratigraphical unit. According to the chron duration, YingCheng formation in ShiWu oil-field is divided into four third-order sequences, corresponding to the sand member, and the YingⅤ(ShaⅠ) is considered to be another third-order sequence. There are five maximum flooding surfaces, developing between the transgressive system tracts and the highstand system tracts in these five third-order sequences. The larger scale of lake-floodings in Yingcheng formation occured in YingⅢand YingⅣ.The maximum flooding developed during the development of YingⅣ.
3. Research on Sedimentary Microfacies
Four sedimentary facies can be identified in Yingcheng formation (including ShaⅠ),which are alluvial fan,fan delta, delta and lacustrine facies. Alluvial fan developed in YingⅤ(ShaⅠ), middle - distal fan ( subfacies) and three microfacies such as debris flow,braided channel and sheet flow are recognized.Delta( fan delta) developed in the whole Yingcheng formation (including ShaⅠ), including delta (fan delta) front (subfacies) and eight microfacies such as subaqueous channel, subaqueous gravity channel (existing in fan delta), mouth bar, gravity mouth bar (in fan delta), sand sheet, distal bar, inter-lobe and interdistributary. Lacustrine facies developed throughout the whole Yingcheng formation (including ShaⅠ), including lake and semi-deep-lake (subfacies) and three microfacies such as mud of still water,turbidity current and subaqueous fan are identified.These fourteen types of sedimentary microfacies have their corresponding response logging curves.The amplitude attribute can be applied in the recognition of the sedimentary facies.There are four amplitude types of the sand members of Yingcheng formation in Shiwu fault depression,which are the high amplitude seismic facies, high-media amplitude seismic facies, media-poor amplitude seismic facies and poor amplitude seismic facies. High-amplitude seismic facies is explained as the braided channel,mouth bar of short axis delta or alluvial fan. High-media amplitude seismic facies corresponds to the braided channel, mouth bar of long axis delta or subaqueous fan. Media-poor amplitude seismic facies are on behalf of the interdistributary- sand sheet or subaqueous fans.The mud of still water-turbidity current has poor amplitude.
4.Distribution of the Preponderant Sedimentary Microfacies
The preponderant facies are channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan and mud of still water-turbidity in Ying V(ShaⅠ). There are subaqueous fans in the north, east and south and deltas in the northwest and southwest.On southeast side of Xiaokuan fault, there is subaqueous fan sand. Mud of still water-turbidity facies covers the rest of the study area.
The preponderant facies are distributary channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan, interdistributary-sand sheet and mud still water–turbidity in Ying IV. The prograded deltas are in the northwest and southwest, and the prograded fan deltas are in the north, east and south. Interdistributary-sand sheet occupies most of the study area. Mud still water -turbidity distributes in the center of the lake.
The preponderant facies are distributary channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan, interdistributary-sand sheet and mudstone of still water- turbidity in Ying III. There are four deltas or fan deltas in the north,west,south and southwest.The interdistributary -sand sheet is between the northern delta and fan delta in the east (including two lobes of delta in the north). There are three subaqueous fans in the center, and the left large area is mudstone of still water-turbidity facies zone.
The preponderant facies are distributary channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan, interdistributary-sand sheet and mudstone of still water-turbidity in Ying II. Fan deltas develop in the east and south, and deltas develop in the north and southwest. Interdistributary-sand sheet distributes mainly around the north delta. Most of the region is covered by mudstone of still water-turbidity. There is a subaqueous fan in the northeast.
The preponderant facies are distributary channel-mouth bar, subaqueous fan, interdistributary-sand sheet and mudstone of still water-turbidity inYing I. There are fan deltas in the north, east and south, and deltas in the southwest. The interdistributary -sand sheet distributes in the main area of northwest.There are different sizes of subaqueous fans in the central area.
5. Types and distribution of depositional systems
Based on the lithological analysis of the Yingcheng Formation (including ShaⅠ), five different types of lithological area can be delineated, which are the volcanic area, recycle clastic area, clastic area affected by granite rock, mixed area and carbonate area.The depositional systems are as follows: the northern fan delta or delta system with volcanic source,the eastern fan delta system with recycle clastic source,the southern fan delta system with volcanic and granite source,the southwest delta system with the granite source,the northwest delta system with recycle clastic source and mixed source. The distribution of the sedimentary facies and systems was reconstructed by the Xiaokuan fault in the study area.
6.The Prediction of Favorable Reservoir Facies Belt
The statistical result shows that the first-class facies for reservoir is the delta, which is followed by the subaqueous fan and fan delta, the worst is the alluvial fan. The optimal reservoir rock are mouth-bar sand and distributary channel sand of delta front, subaqueous fan sand and mouth-bar sand of fan delta front, among which the mouth-bar and distributary channel of delta are the most favorable reservoir sands.
引文
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[3]陈丽华等著.扫描电镜在地质上的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
[4]程日辉,王东坡.陆相层序地层学进展[J].岩相古地理,1996,16(4):56-61.
[5]程日辉,岳翠,唐华风等编写.松辽盆地南部伏龙泉断陷北部沉积体系、成岩演化与储层评价研究. 2008年6月.
[6]段吉业,张梅生,王卫东.东北北部古生代生物古地理.[A]中国满洲里一绥芬河地学断面域内岩石圈结构及其演化的地质研究[C].北京:地质出版社,1994.84-97.
[7]谷成宇.松辽盆地南部十屋油田西部营城组沉积微相精细描述[J].科技情报开发与经济,2010,20(9):141-145.
[8]谷成宇.十屋油田西部营城组储层特征研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2010,20(8):134-138.
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[10]顾家裕.沉积相与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1994.
[11]顾家裕.沉积相与油气塔里木盆地油气勘探丛书[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1994.
[12]黄党委,刘福春,韩淑霞,于洋编写.松辽盆地十屋断陷增储潜力及目标评价. 2008年度成果报告. 2008年12月.
[13]黄党委,胥得华等.松辽盆地十屋断陷十屋油田营城组沉积相研究. [A].吉林省第五届科学技术学术年会论文集(下册)[C]2008.
[14]孔庆莹,陈志海,魏荷花.松辽盆地十屋油田营城组油气分布[J] .世界地质,2010,29 (1),90-95.
[15]刘宝珺,曾允孚.岩相古地理基础和工作方法[M].北京:地质出报社, 1985: 186-196.
[16]刘计勇,兰正凯,皮定成.松辽盆地南部十屋断陷层沉积体系类型及特征[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,22:136-138.
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[18]李晶,张云峰等.松辽盆地南部十屋断陷营城组碎屑岩储层特征[J].大庆石油学院学报,2008,32(2):8-12.
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