强夯机臂架防后倾系统研究
摘要
强夯机反复将夯锤提升到一定高度突然释放,臂架在夯锤的冲击力和夯锤由于突然卸载引起的反弹力的作用下产生振动冲击,甚至发生臂架后倾的危险。因此研究臂架防后倾系统对于提高强夯机的安全性和稳定性具有重要意义。目前国内对于臂架防后倾的研究较少,研究都仅限于虚拟样机仿真分析,由于其建模的复杂性和模型修改的制约性等因素的限制,其理论成果没有得到应用,因此从理论角度研究臂架防后倾系统,进而推导出臂架防后倾装置受力和臂架振动的数学表达式,具有一定的理论意义和实际价值。
本文对强夯机从提升到卸载的过程进行动力学分析,并求出其各个阶段的臂架位移和防后倾油缸受力的数学表达式,利用MATLAB求出某一机型的臂架位移曲线和防后倾油缸受力曲线,与ADAMS中的仿真曲线进行对比分析,验证模型的合理性。主要完成以下内容：
(1)研究强夯机从提升到卸载时的臂架振动和臂架防后倾装置受力；
(2)MATLAB仿真分析强夯机的三种典型工况,研究夯锤从起升到卸载,臂架的振动响应和防后倾装置的受力,直接得到强夯机的动态性能,为设计臂架防后倾系统提供了理论依据；
(3)在ADMAS仿真环境下,联合Pro/E和ANSYS软件建立了强夯机的刚柔耦合模型,得到了同一机型强夯机的突然卸载工况的臂架振动响应和防后倾装置的受力曲线,与MATLAB仿真得到的理论曲线对比,验证模型的合理性；
(4)优化臂架防后倾系统的相关参数,具体参数如下：防后倾装置的布置形式、防后倾油缸的参数、控制防后倾油缸的阻尼孔的大小。优化分析减小了臂架的振动,得到了最优的臂架防后倾系统的参数。
The hammer of the compactor is repeatedly and suddenly released after being hoisted to a certain height. Vibration of the boom is caused by impact of the hammer and rebound from hammer' suddenly unloading process, and even worse, dump from the back maybe happens. So it is extremely meaningful to research on the boom reserving system for security and stability of the compactor. At present the domestic research on the boom reserving system is very little, and is limited to the simulation analysis of virtual prototypes, because of limitations of the complexity of the prototypes and the constrains of modifying the prototypes,the theoretical results have not been applied. It has certain significance as well application value that from the theoretical point of view researching on boom reserving system to derive the mathematical expressions of the force of boom reserving system.and the displacement of boom.
The dynamic analysis is performed for the hoisting and sudden unloading process of the hammer of the compactor, and the mathematical expressions of the displacement of boom and the force of boom reserving cylinder in every stage are worked out. The curves of the displacement of boom and the force of boom reserving cylinder for a certain type of the compactor from MATLAB and ADAMS are compared and analyzed, in order to verify the validity of the model. The main study of this paper is as follows:
(1) The boom vibration and the force of boom reserving cylinder in the process of hoisting and unloading of the hammer are studied.
(2) Three conditions of suddenly unloading of the compactor are simulated by MATLAB. Vibration response of the boom and the force of boom reserving device are researched after unloading the hammer, and dynamic performance is directly obtained, providing theory basis for the design of boom reserving system.
(3) The curves of vibration response and the force of boom reserving device after sudden unloading of the hammer are obtained and flexible multi-body model is set up through joint simulation of ADAMS, Pro/E and ANAYS. The results are compared with MATLAB simulation results to verify the validity of the model.
(4) The following parameters of the boom reserving system are optimized:the layout forms, the parameters of the boom reserving cylinder, the orifice of the boom reserving cylinder. The optimization reduces the vibration of the boom and gets the global optimal parameters of the boom reserving system.
本文对强夯机从提升到卸载的过程进行动力学分析,并求出其各个阶段的臂架位移和防后倾油缸受力的数学表达式,利用MATLAB求出某一机型的臂架位移曲线和防后倾油缸受力曲线,与ADAMS中的仿真曲线进行对比分析,验证模型的合理性。主要完成以下内容：
(1)研究强夯机从提升到卸载时的臂架振动和臂架防后倾装置受力；
(2)MATLAB仿真分析强夯机的三种典型工况,研究夯锤从起升到卸载,臂架的振动响应和防后倾装置的受力,直接得到强夯机的动态性能,为设计臂架防后倾系统提供了理论依据；
(3)在ADMAS仿真环境下,联合Pro/E和ANSYS软件建立了强夯机的刚柔耦合模型,得到了同一机型强夯机的突然卸载工况的臂架振动响应和防后倾装置的受力曲线,与MATLAB仿真得到的理论曲线对比,验证模型的合理性；
(4)优化臂架防后倾系统的相关参数,具体参数如下：防后倾装置的布置形式、防后倾油缸的参数、控制防后倾油缸的阻尼孔的大小。优化分析减小了臂架的振动,得到了最优的臂架防后倾系统的参数。
The hammer of the compactor is repeatedly and suddenly released after being hoisted to a certain height. Vibration of the boom is caused by impact of the hammer and rebound from hammer' suddenly unloading process, and even worse, dump from the back maybe happens. So it is extremely meaningful to research on the boom reserving system for security and stability of the compactor. At present the domestic research on the boom reserving system is very little, and is limited to the simulation analysis of virtual prototypes, because of limitations of the complexity of the prototypes and the constrains of modifying the prototypes,the theoretical results have not been applied. It has certain significance as well application value that from the theoretical point of view researching on boom reserving system to derive the mathematical expressions of the force of boom reserving system.and the displacement of boom.
The dynamic analysis is performed for the hoisting and sudden unloading process of the hammer of the compactor, and the mathematical expressions of the displacement of boom and the force of boom reserving cylinder in every stage are worked out. The curves of the displacement of boom and the force of boom reserving cylinder for a certain type of the compactor from MATLAB and ADAMS are compared and analyzed, in order to verify the validity of the model. The main study of this paper is as follows:
(1) The boom vibration and the force of boom reserving cylinder in the process of hoisting and unloading of the hammer are studied.
(2) Three conditions of suddenly unloading of the compactor are simulated by MATLAB. Vibration response of the boom and the force of boom reserving device are researched after unloading the hammer, and dynamic performance is directly obtained, providing theory basis for the design of boom reserving system.
(3) The curves of vibration response and the force of boom reserving device after sudden unloading of the hammer are obtained and flexible multi-body model is set up through joint simulation of ADAMS, Pro/E and ANAYS. The results are compared with MATLAB simulation results to verify the validity of the model.
(4) The following parameters of the boom reserving system are optimized:the layout forms, the parameters of the boom reserving cylinder, the orifice of the boom reserving cylinder. The optimization reduces the vibration of the boom and gets the global optimal parameters of the boom reserving system.
引文
[1]王锡良,水伟厚,吴延炜.强夯机的发展与应用现状[J].工程机械,2004(06)：31-35.
[2]白朝阳,郑亚辉,李选朋等.液压履带式强夯机的现状及关键技术[J].建筑机械,2012(01)：76-78.
[3]王锡良,水伟厚,吴延炜等.强夯施工机械研究现状与发展述评[J].机械工程师,2004(07)：9-12.
[4]王欣,郑亚辉,白朝阳等.强夯机的技术现状与发展[J].建筑机械化,2012(03)：39-43.
[5]董德波.强夯机液压支承减振机理研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[6]杨庆乐.基于ANSYS/FE-SAFE的强夯机臂架疲劳寿命分析[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[7]吴天行.塔式起重机臂架防翻撑杆的动载分析与计算[J].23-27.
[8]王永新,李鹏举.动臂塔机防后倾装置的分析与应用[J].建筑机械化,2011(03)：33-36.
[9]刘海涛.履带起重机臂架后倾动力学仿真[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[10]乔为禹.大型履带起重机臂架防后倾系统研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[11]宋院归.履带起重机油气式防后倾装置仿真研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[12]李士军,朱孙科,乐贵高等.在全行程位置处液压起竖油缸的结构动力学建模与仿真[J].机床与液压,2010,38(1)：88-89.
[13]戴云飞.液压缸液压刚度的计算[J].有色金属设计1999,26(1)：61-62.
[14]王钧功.液压阻尼器研究[J].液压与气压密封,1998(1)：15-17.
[15]李振通,杜艳霞,王长胜.铰接式装载机转向稳定性分析[J].工程机械,2008(3)：26-29.
[16]盛敬超.液压流体力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1983：11-198.
[17]胡宗武.起重机动力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1986：43-47.
[18]胡宗武.工程振动分析基础[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,1985：25-29.
[19]SAMUEL FRIMPONG, YAFEI HU, HILARY INYANG. Dynamic modeling of hydraulic shovel excavators for geomaterials [J]. International Journal of Geomechanics,2008: 20-29.
[20]R. ANDDEREGG, DOMINIK A. VON FELTEN, KUNO KAUFMANN. Compaction monitor ing using intelligent soil compators [J]. Geocongress,2006:1-6.
[21]CAPREZ M, PRETSIG M, AMANN P. Validation of continuous compaction control methods [J] Workshop Soil Compaction,2003:235-242.
[22]Wolf J P. Foundation vibration analysis using simple physical Models [J] PTR Prentice Hall,1994.
[23]Thomson J J. Vibrations and stability [J]. Springer Verlag,2003.
[24]张雪亮.爆破地震效应[M].北京：地震出版社,1981(6)：98-103,138-181.
[25]夏瑞良,龚小平,沈小七.强夯引起地面振动的衰减特征[J].地震学刊,2001(2)：41-43.
[26]蒋鹏,李荣强等.强夯振动影响的数值分析[J].地下空间,2001(5)：543-548.
[27]李昭.强夯振动衰减与场地介质性质相关性研究[D].北京：中国地质大学,2002.
[28]SU D. Centrifuge investigation on responses of sand deposit and sand-pile system under multi-directional earthquake loading [D]. Hong Kong:The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,2005.
[29]WILSON D W. Soil-pile-superstructure interaction in liquefying sand and soft clay [Ph. D]. Californiai:University of California,1998.
[30]DIETMAR ADAM, IVAN PAULMICHL. Rapid impact compator-an innovative dynamic compaction delice for soil improvement [J]. Improvement of properties soil,2007: 183-193.
[31]CHEN JINGGUO, XIAO JUNHUA. Study on the ground vibrations laws and influential paramenters subjected to impact load [J].2010.
[32]BRANDL H, ADAM D. Sophisticated continuous compaction control of soils and granular materials [J].14th Int. Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Engineering,1997:31-36.
[33]谢高兰.基于虚拟样机技术的强夯机动态性能研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2011.
[34]陈德民,槐创锋,张克涛等.精通ADAMS 2005/2007虚拟样机技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2010.
[35]陈立平,张云清,任卫群等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[36]陆鹏飞.强夯机刚柔混合多体动力学仿真[D],大连：大连理工大学,2007.
[37]李绍岗,孟宪颐.振动强夯虚拟样机的建模与仿真[J].中国工程机械学报.2005,Vol.3N0.2
[38]杜汉平.基于刚柔耦合履带起重机虚拟样机技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006.
[39]宋俊.液压系统优化[M],北京：机械工业出版社,1996.
[2]白朝阳,郑亚辉,李选朋等.液压履带式强夯机的现状及关键技术[J].建筑机械,2012(01)：76-78.
[3]王锡良,水伟厚,吴延炜等.强夯施工机械研究现状与发展述评[J].机械工程师,2004(07)：9-12.
[4]王欣,郑亚辉,白朝阳等.强夯机的技术现状与发展[J].建筑机械化,2012(03)：39-43.
[5]董德波.强夯机液压支承减振机理研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[6]杨庆乐.基于ANSYS/FE-SAFE的强夯机臂架疲劳寿命分析[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[7]吴天行.塔式起重机臂架防翻撑杆的动载分析与计算[J].23-27.
[8]王永新,李鹏举.动臂塔机防后倾装置的分析与应用[J].建筑机械化,2011(03)：33-36.
[9]刘海涛.履带起重机臂架后倾动力学仿真[D].大连：大连理工大学,2005.
[10]乔为禹.大型履带起重机臂架防后倾系统研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[11]宋院归.履带起重机油气式防后倾装置仿真研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[12]李士军,朱孙科,乐贵高等.在全行程位置处液压起竖油缸的结构动力学建模与仿真[J].机床与液压,2010,38(1)：88-89.
[13]戴云飞.液压缸液压刚度的计算[J].有色金属设计1999,26(1)：61-62.
[14]王钧功.液压阻尼器研究[J].液压与气压密封,1998(1)：15-17.
[15]李振通,杜艳霞,王长胜.铰接式装载机转向稳定性分析[J].工程机械,2008(3)：26-29.
[16]盛敬超.液压流体力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1983：11-198.
[17]胡宗武.起重机动力学[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1986：43-47.
[18]胡宗武.工程振动分析基础[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,1985：25-29.
[19]SAMUEL FRIMPONG, YAFEI HU, HILARY INYANG. Dynamic modeling of hydraulic shovel excavators for geomaterials [J]. International Journal of Geomechanics,2008: 20-29.
[20]R. ANDDEREGG, DOMINIK A. VON FELTEN, KUNO KAUFMANN. Compaction monitor ing using intelligent soil compators [J]. Geocongress,2006:1-6.
[21]CAPREZ M, PRETSIG M, AMANN P. Validation of continuous compaction control methods [J] Workshop Soil Compaction,2003:235-242.
[22]Wolf J P. Foundation vibration analysis using simple physical Models [J] PTR Prentice Hall,1994.
[23]Thomson J J. Vibrations and stability [J]. Springer Verlag,2003.
[24]张雪亮.爆破地震效应[M].北京：地震出版社,1981(6)：98-103,138-181.
[25]夏瑞良,龚小平,沈小七.强夯引起地面振动的衰减特征[J].地震学刊,2001(2)：41-43.
[26]蒋鹏,李荣强等.强夯振动影响的数值分析[J].地下空间,2001(5)：543-548.
[27]李昭.强夯振动衰减与场地介质性质相关性研究[D].北京：中国地质大学,2002.
[28]SU D. Centrifuge investigation on responses of sand deposit and sand-pile system under multi-directional earthquake loading [D]. Hong Kong:The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,2005.
[29]WILSON D W. Soil-pile-superstructure interaction in liquefying sand and soft clay [Ph. D]. Californiai:University of California,1998.
[30]DIETMAR ADAM, IVAN PAULMICHL. Rapid impact compator-an innovative dynamic compaction delice for soil improvement [J]. Improvement of properties soil,2007: 183-193.
[31]CHEN JINGGUO, XIAO JUNHUA. Study on the ground vibrations laws and influential paramenters subjected to impact load [J].2010.
[32]BRANDL H, ADAM D. Sophisticated continuous compaction control of soils and granular materials [J].14th Int. Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Engineering,1997:31-36.
[33]谢高兰.基于虚拟样机技术的强夯机动态性能研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2011.
[34]陈德民,槐创锋,张克涛等.精通ADAMS 2005/2007虚拟样机技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2010.
[35]陈立平,张云清,任卫群等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[36]陆鹏飞.强夯机刚柔混合多体动力学仿真[D],大连：大连理工大学,2007.
[37]李绍岗,孟宪颐.振动强夯虚拟样机的建模与仿真[J].中国工程机械学报.2005,Vol.3N0.2
[38]杜汉平.基于刚柔耦合履带起重机虚拟样机技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2006.
[39]宋俊.液压系统优化[M],北京：机械工业出版社,1996.