多学科优化方法在汽车底盘设计中的应用研究
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摘要
随着汽车技术的不断进步，汽车底盘系统越来越复杂，其各组成子系统之间的相互作用也日益明显，底盘系统设计涉及到多学科领域，使得底盘系统的总体设计过程十分复杂。为挖掘设计潜力，提高设计质量，本文以此为出发点，将多学科优化技术引入到底盘设计中，分析和研究了底盘复杂系统的综合优化设计理论与方法，对于底盘系统的设计具有重要的学术价值和广阔的应用前景。
本文在对底盘设计方法和多学科设计优化方法进行分析和总结的基础上，分别在底盘集成设计、电子化设计及轻量化设计中展开了多学科设计优化应用研究。完成的主要研究工作和成果如下：
(1)分析了MDO的设计模式，求解思路以及优化算法，定义了设计变量灵敏度耦合强度的方法和判定准则。在此基础上，设计了EPS/ASS/ABS系统的多学科设计优化模型。
(2)搭建了ASS和EPS集成系统的多学科优化模型；采用AAO优化算法对ASS/EPS集成系统的机械参数和控制参数进行了优化设计，并通过优化后的参数与优化前的参数代入计算模型作了对比分析，结果表明，经AAO优化后，能减少系统机械结构和控制系统之间的影响和耦合因素，实现系统全局性能最优设计。最后进行了装车试验，结果验证了所建模型和优化方法的有效性和合理性。
(3)建立了EPS/ASS/ABS系统的多学科优化模型；采用设计变量灵敏度强弱评定方法，对所有变量进行了灵敏度分析，确定以悬架系统的主要参数为全局变量。采用CO算法对底盘EPS/ASS/ABS系统进行多学科优化设计研究，并分别将CO优化后的参数与AAO优化后的参数以及优化前的参数代入计算模型作了对比分析，仿真结果表明CO优化方法优于AAO方法，既能使EPS/ASS/ABS系统整体性能最优，同时使各子系统性能也最优。
(4)针对轻量化设计中变量存在不确定性的因素，将可靠性理论与协同优化方法相结合，提出一种基于可靠性的CO优化方法，以驱动桥为例进行了轻量化设计研究，并分别进行了理论和试验验证，结果表明，该方法在降低质量的同时，使设计变量对目标函数的灵敏性降低，提高了设计方法的鲁棒性。
With the development of automotive technology, automotive chassis systemsbecome more and more complex, interactions between the various components of itssubsystems is increasingly obvious. Design of the chassis systems involvesmulti-discipline field, making the overall design of the system chassis the process isvery complicated. To improve the mining potential and the quality of design,Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) idea are applied to the chassis systemsdesign. The theory and methods for the design of chassis systems are analyzed andresearched, which has important academic value and broads application prospects.
Based on analysis and summary for the chassis design and multidisciplinarydesign optimization method, the methoed of multi-disciplinary design optimization areapplied in the chassis integrated design, electronic design and lightweight design. Themain research work and achievements accomplished as follows:
(1) The design model, solving ideas and optimization algorithm ofmultidisciplinary design optimization are analyzed. From the effects of designvariables on the objective function, the conception and the acceptance criteria ofcoupling strength have been proposed. On this basis, a multi-disciplinary designoptimization model of EPS/ASS/ABS system is designed. Finally, road test resultsprove that the model and optimization methods are effective and reasonable.
(2) The multidisciplinary optimization model of ASS and EPS integrated systemis established, then, mechanical and control parameters of ASS/EPS integrated systemare optimized by applying AAO optimization algorithm. Comparing the simulationresults of model used the optimized parameters and the simulation results of modelused the unoptimized parameters, The results showed that the AAO method canreduce the impact of the system and the coupling factor between the mechanicalstructure and control system and make system achieve optimal performance.
(3) The multidisciplinary optimization model of EPS/ASS/ABS system isestablished. then, The sensitivity of all design variables were calculated,which decidethat the main parameters of the suspension system were made global variable.Comparing the simulation results of model used the optimized parameters by COalgorithm, the simulation results of model used the optimized parameters by AAOalgorithm and the simulation results of model used the unoptimized parameters,Simulation results show that CO optimization method is superior to AAO method, which make system achieve optimal overall system performance while theperformance of each subsystem is optimum.
(4) Because of the uncertainty factor in the design variables, CO method based onreliability is presented by combining the reliability theory and collaborativeoptimization method. Take drive axle as an example, lightweight design, theoreticalanalysis and experimental test were carried out. All of results show that the method canreduce the quality, make the sensitivity of the design variables for the objectivefunction down, and improve the robustness of the design method.
本文在对底盘设计方法和多学科设计优化方法进行分析和总结的基础上，分别在底盘集成设计、电子化设计及轻量化设计中展开了多学科设计优化应用研究。完成的主要研究工作和成果如下：
(1)分析了MDO的设计模式，求解思路以及优化算法，定义了设计变量灵敏度耦合强度的方法和判定准则。在此基础上，设计了EPS/ASS/ABS系统的多学科设计优化模型。
(2)搭建了ASS和EPS集成系统的多学科优化模型；采用AAO优化算法对ASS/EPS集成系统的机械参数和控制参数进行了优化设计，并通过优化后的参数与优化前的参数代入计算模型作了对比分析，结果表明，经AAO优化后，能减少系统机械结构和控制系统之间的影响和耦合因素，实现系统全局性能最优设计。最后进行了装车试验，结果验证了所建模型和优化方法的有效性和合理性。
(3)建立了EPS/ASS/ABS系统的多学科优化模型；采用设计变量灵敏度强弱评定方法，对所有变量进行了灵敏度分析，确定以悬架系统的主要参数为全局变量。采用CO算法对底盘EPS/ASS/ABS系统进行多学科优化设计研究，并分别将CO优化后的参数与AAO优化后的参数以及优化前的参数代入计算模型作了对比分析，仿真结果表明CO优化方法优于AAO方法，既能使EPS/ASS/ABS系统整体性能最优，同时使各子系统性能也最优。
(4)针对轻量化设计中变量存在不确定性的因素，将可靠性理论与协同优化方法相结合，提出一种基于可靠性的CO优化方法，以驱动桥为例进行了轻量化设计研究，并分别进行了理论和试验验证，结果表明，该方法在降低质量的同时，使设计变量对目标函数的灵敏性降低，提高了设计方法的鲁棒性。
With the development of automotive technology, automotive chassis systemsbecome more and more complex, interactions between the various components of itssubsystems is increasingly obvious. Design of the chassis systems involvesmulti-discipline field, making the overall design of the system chassis the process isvery complicated. To improve the mining potential and the quality of design,Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) idea are applied to the chassis systemsdesign. The theory and methods for the design of chassis systems are analyzed andresearched, which has important academic value and broads application prospects.
Based on analysis and summary for the chassis design and multidisciplinarydesign optimization method, the methoed of multi-disciplinary design optimization areapplied in the chassis integrated design, electronic design and lightweight design. Themain research work and achievements accomplished as follows:
(1) The design model, solving ideas and optimization algorithm ofmultidisciplinary design optimization are analyzed. From the effects of designvariables on the objective function, the conception and the acceptance criteria ofcoupling strength have been proposed. On this basis, a multi-disciplinary designoptimization model of EPS/ASS/ABS system is designed. Finally, road test resultsprove that the model and optimization methods are effective and reasonable.
(2) The multidisciplinary optimization model of ASS and EPS integrated systemis established, then, mechanical and control parameters of ASS/EPS integrated systemare optimized by applying AAO optimization algorithm. Comparing the simulationresults of model used the optimized parameters and the simulation results of modelused the unoptimized parameters, The results showed that the AAO method canreduce the impact of the system and the coupling factor between the mechanicalstructure and control system and make system achieve optimal performance.
(3) The multidisciplinary optimization model of EPS/ASS/ABS system isestablished. then, The sensitivity of all design variables were calculated,which decidethat the main parameters of the suspension system were made global variable.Comparing the simulation results of model used the optimized parameters by COalgorithm, the simulation results of model used the optimized parameters by AAOalgorithm and the simulation results of model used the unoptimized parameters,Simulation results show that CO optimization method is superior to AAO method, which make system achieve optimal overall system performance while theperformance of each subsystem is optimum.
(4) Because of the uncertainty factor in the design variables, CO method based onreliability is presented by combining the reliability theory and collaborativeoptimization method. Take drive axle as an example, lightweight design, theoreticalanalysis and experimental test were carried out. All of results show that the method canreduce the quality, make the sensitivity of the design variables for the objectivefunction down, and improve the robustness of the design method.
引文
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